UC-NRLF 


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ROSTER 
LEGISLATURES  OF  HAWAII 

1841-1918 


CONSTITUTIONS  OF  MONARCHY  AND  REPUBLIC 
SPEECHES  OF  SOVEREIGNS  AND  PRESiDEK  I 


FF.B    S    '19f 

Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  Museum  Library 

■       (^o^^'^^'>'<^^ 

No le.S^     ^5 

FEB    P    '19 

Publication  No.  l  Archives  of  Hawaii 

ROSTER 
LEGISLATURES  OF  HAWAII 

1841-1918 
CONSTITUTIONS  OF  MONARCHY  AND  REPUBLIC 


SPEECHES  OF  SOVEREIGNS  AND  PRESIDENT 


COMPILED  FROM  THE  OFFICIAL  RECORDS 
BY 


ROBERT  C  LYDECKER 

librarian,  publIc  archives 


PUBLISHED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  BOARD  OF 
COMMISSIONERS  OF  PUBLIC  ARCHIVES 

C.  P.  lAUKEA 

Chairman  and  Executive  Officer 


A.  G.  M.  Robertson 
M.  M.  Scott 

Conmis'.ioners      .  ^    ■ 


Honolulu: 

The  Hawaiian  Gazette  Co.,  Ltd. 

1918 


KINGDOM  OF  HAWAI 


SOVEREIGNS 

Name.  Birth.  Accession.  Death. 

Kamehameha  I    Nov.  1736 .  .  1795 .  .  .  May    8,    1819 

Kamehameha  II    ,.  1797.. May   20,  1819... July   14,  1824 

Kamehameha  III    Aug.     11,  1813.  .June    6,  1825. .  .Dec.   15,1854 

Kamehameha  IV    Feb.       9,  1834.  .Jan.    11,  1855. ..  Nov.  30,  1863 

Kamehameha  V   Dec.      11,  1830..  Nov.  30,  1863...  Dec.   11,  1872 

William  C.  Lunalilo...  Jan.     31,  1832.  .Jan.     8,  1873. ..  Feb.     3,1874 

David  Kalakaua   Nov.     16,  1836.. Feb.   12,  1874..., Ian.   20,  1891 

LiLiuOKALANi Sept.      2,  1838.  .Jan.    29,  1891.  .  .Monarchy  abro- 
gated Jan.  17, 
EXCHANGE  1893 


NOTES  BY  THE  COMPILER 


The  first  declaration  of  the  creation  of  a  law-making  body  is 
contained  in  a  proclamation  by  the  King  dated  October  7,  1829. 
It  named  the  King  and  regent  and  ten  chiefs  as  entitled  to  sit  in 
Council.  This  council  was  the  forerunner  of  the  legislature 
proper.  Previous  to  its  establishment  the  laws  were  mostly  cus- 
tomary, many  having  their  origin  in  the  edicts  of  early  Kings. 
General  laws  were  made  by  the  King  and  subordinate  laws  by 
the  chiefs  for  their  respective  jurisdictions.  Important  laws  were 
proclaimed  by  the  King  after  consultation  with  his  counsellors, 
the  high  chiefs,  who  formed  a  sort  of  embryo  legislative  body. 
They  w^ere  made  known  by  heralds,  and  preserved  by  a  class 
whose  sole  duty  was  to  memorize,  teach  and  hand  them  down  to 
succeeding  generations.  The  first  law  printed  and  published  was 
one  relating  to  the  entry  and  clearance  of  vessels,  the  desertion 
of  seamen,  and  harbor  and  pilot  dues  at  the  port  of  Honolulu, 
dated  June  2,  1825. 

With  the  uniting  of  the  islands  under  one  government  by  Ka- 
mehameha  I,  the  country  was  divided  into  four  parts,  correspond- 
ing in  the  main  with  the  former  Kingdoms,  and  governors  were 
appointed  over  them,  who  had  legislative  and  other  powers  almost 
to  the  extent  of  the  Kings  whom  they  succeeded.  Due  to  the 
w-eakness  of  his  son  and  successor,  Liholiho,  Kamehameha  I 
established  the  office  of  Premier,  or  Kuhina  Nui,  as  it  was  called, 
the  occupant  of  which  had  power  almost  equalling  that  of  the 
King  and  a  veto  power  over  his  acts.  This  office  was  abolished 
by  the  Constitution  of  1864.  Four  high  chiefs  were  selected  as 
special  counsellors,  as  were  also  "four  wise  men"  to  assist  in  the 
deliberations  of  the  council ;  others  were  called  in  from  time  to 
time,  and  on  important  occasions  the  governors  and  high  chiefs 
from  the  other  islands  were  summoned  to  a  National  Council. 

Following  the  arrival  of  the  missionaries,  and  as  their  teach- 
ings and  influence  began  to  be  felt,  the  chiefs  and  the  more  in- 
telligent of  the  common  people  began  to  realize  that  they  must 
have  more  definite  and  enlightened  laws,  if  they  were  to  main- 
tain themselves  as  a  nation  in  contact  with  a  superior  white  race. 
The  weakness  of  Kamehameha  II,  and  after  his  death  in  1824 
the  youth  of  his  successor,  were  primary  causes  favoring  a 
gro^vth  in  power  of  the  council  of  chiefs,  which  power  was 
gradually  assumed ;  the  council  grew  in  importance  as  a  law- 
making body,  and  more  salutary  statutes  began  to  be  made. 
During  this  period  efforts  were  made  to  instruct  the  people  in 
regard  to  contemplated  laws,  and  in  some  instances  those  enacted 
were  more  in  the  nature  of  advice  than  of  strict  law.  Advance 
notice  of  proposed  laws  w'as  given  as  late  as  1838. 


872231 


As  the  country  grew  in  enlightenment  a  Bill  of  Rights,  aptly 
called  Hawaii's  Magna  Charta,  was  proclaimed,  June  7 ,  1839. 
This  was  the  forerunner  of  the  First  Constitution,  though  it 
might  be  so  designated  itself,  promulgated  October  8,  1840,  por- 
tions of  which  were  incorporated  into  that  document.  This  con- 
stitution did  not  create  the  House  of  Nobles ;  it  merely  continued 
the  old  council  of  chiefs,  who  were  already  Members  of  the 
Council,  to  sit  in  council  with  the  King  and  Premier,  as  hereto- 
fore, and  provides  that  additional  members  were  to  be  made  so 
by  law.  Members  of  this  Council  were  called  Nobles,  and  as 
such  were  a  degree  higher  in  the  rank  of  chiefs.  Provision  was 
also  made  for  choosing  annually  "certain  persons  to  sit  in  Coun- 
cil with  the  Nobles  and  establish  laws."  The  mode  of  choosing, 
and  the  number  to  be  decided  by  law,  which  was  done  November 
2,  1840,  when  the  council  passed  a  law  providing  for  the  elec- 
tion of  two  representatives  each  from  Hawaii,  Maui  and  Oahu, 
and  one  from  Kauai.  This  law  also  provides  for  the  method  of 
their  election,  which  was  by  writing  personally  to  the  King  or  by 
petition  to  him.  The  form  of  letter  is  given,  and  the  statement 
made,  "Even  should  there  be  many  such  letters  written  it  will 
be  well,  for  the  person  who  has  the  most  names  in  those  letters 
will  be  the  person  chosen" ;  also,  'Tn  these  ballot  letters  there 
may  be  a  great  number  of  signatures  to  the  same  letter.  The 
names  of  all  who  vote  will  be  counted,  and  the  persons  having  a 
majority  will  be  the  ones  who  are  chosen."  Forgery  and  dupli- 
cation of  names  is  provided  against,  and  a  penalty  provided  for 
these  ofifenses.  This  was  the  first  election  law.  While  Representa- 
tives were  thus  provided  for,  the  people  did  not  seem  to  make 
much  use  of  their  privilege.  In  a  compilation  of  the  early  laws, 
under  the  heading  "Respecting  the  new  meeting  of  the  Nobles," 
the  following  statement  is  made :  "On  the  first  day  of  April,  in 
the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-one,  the  Nobles 
met  at  Luaehu,  in  Lahaina,  according  to  the  requirements  of  the 
Constitution,  and  aftcrxvards  three  persons  came  forzvard  ap- 
pointed by  the  people,  and  joined  the  Council  of  Nobles."  The 
journal  of  the  session  of  1841  makes  no  mention  of  this;  in  fact, 
the  representatives  are  not  mentioned  in  any  way  until  April  28, 
1842,  on  which- date  the  journal  of  that  session  records,  "At  the 
hour  of  two  the  Nobles  again  assembled  together  with  the  Repre- 
sentatives." This  is  the  first  mention  of  them,  and  later  they  are 
referred  to  from  time  to  time  up  to  the  session  of  1845,  when 
their  names  are  recorded  for  the  first  time,  and  thereafter  from 
five  to  seven  are  recorded  as  present  and  taking  active  part  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  several  sessions  up  to  that  of  1851. 

The  requirement  of  the  constitution  that  the  two  houses  should 
meet  separately,  seems  to  have  been  a  dead  letter,  for  there  is  no 
record  of  the  representatives  having  met,  up  to  1851,  other  than 
with  the  Nobles,  but  advantage  seems  to  have  been  taken  of  that 


clause  in  the  constitution  which  allows  the  two  houses  to  unite 
at  their  discretion,  at  such  times  as  they  shall  think  it  necessary. 
This  necessity  of  joint  meeting  seems  to  have  been  the  rule 
rather  than  the  exception.  During  this  period  the  Representa- 
tives had  little  or  no  influence  and  took  but  a  minor  part  in  leg- 
islation. This  was  doubtless  partly  due  to  their  forming  such  a 
small  minority,  but  probably  the  principal  reason  was  their  def- 
erence to  the  Nobles,  all  of  whom  ranked  as  Chiefs,  and  the  privi- 
lege, as  members  of  the  legislature,  of  meeting,  on  the  same  level, 
those  whom  for  generations  they  had  been  taught  to  regard  as 
superior  beings,  could  not  at  first  be  grasped,  and  the  great  differ- 
ence in  rank  done  away  with  to  the  extent  of  making  them  feel 
on  the  same  footing  as  the  Nobles,  when  engaged  in  the  legisla- 
tion of  the  country. 

The  power  of  the  old  Council  of  Chiefs  as  a  law-making  body, 
however,  did  not  cease  entirely  with  the  creation  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Council.  One  of  the  laws  passed  during  the  session  of  1841 
was  as  follows : 

"The  Constitution  declares  that  no  new  law  shall  be  enacted 
without  the  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  House  of  Nobles,  and 
Representatives.  This  is  well,  as  the  chiefs  believe,  but  here  is 
a  little  further  explanation. 

If  His  Majesty  the  King,  the  Premier  and  the  Nobles  resident 
near  perceive  any  particular  evil,  and  on  that  account  think  best 
to  pass  a  new  law,  they  may  do  it,  and  that  law  shall  stand  until 
the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  when  it  shall  be  at  the  option 
of  the  Nobles  and  Representatives  to  confirm  or  annul  it." 

The  Legislative  journals  began  with  the  session  of  1841,  held 
at  Lahaina,  and  the  Council  continued  to  meet  there  until  the 
session  of  1845,  when,  on  April  2,  it  met  for  the  first  time  at 
Honolulu,  by  which  time  it  had  become  generally  known  as  the 
Legislature,  and  its  branches  as  the  House  of  Nobles  and  the 
House  of  Representatives,  respectively. 

As  time  passed  it  began  to  be  felt  that  the  people  should  be 
more  fully  represented,  which  feeling  culminated  in  an  Act  passed 
July  30.  1850,  which  in  its  preamble  states :  "Whereas  the  Consti- 
tution provides  for  an  increase  in  the  number  of  the  representa- 
tives of  the  people;  and  Whereas,  it  is  proper  that  His  Majesty's 
subjects  of  every  class,  and  all  the  various  interests  of  the  nation 
should  be  fully  represented  in  the  legislature,  therefore:  Be  it 
Enacted,"  etc.  This  act  increased  the  number  of  Representa- 
tives to  twenty-four — six  for  Hawaii,  five  for  Maui,  one  for  Mo- 
lokai.  one  for  Lanai,  six  for  Oahu,  and  five  for  Kauai  and  Niihau. 
Under  it  an  election  was  held,  January  6,  1851,  which  was  the 
first  election  by  ballot,  though  the  method  of  voting  was  some- 
what crude.  It  was  only  necessary  for  a  voter  to  hand  his  tax 
receipt  to  the  clerk  in  charge  and  he  was  then  entitled  to  cast  a 
ballot  for  anyone  he  pleased,  no  list  of  candidates  having  been 


made  out.  The  name  of  the  voter  was  recorded  as  he  cast  his 
ballot,  after  which  his  tax  receipt  was  returned.  The  Legislative 
Council  to  which  these  representatives  were  elected  convened 
April  30,  1851,  from  which  time  the  House  of  Representatives 
may  be  said  to  date  its  existence  as  a  separate  and  influential 
branch  of  the  legislature.  This  influence  was  exemplified  at 
the  Regular  Session  of  1855,  when  the  two  houses  clashed  over 
the  appropriation  bill,  and  the  breach  became  so  wide  as  to  pre- 
vent an}^  agreement  being  reached,  which  resulted  in  the  legisla- 
ture being  prorogued  by  the  King  and  a  special  election  ordered 
for  a  new  House  of  Representatives,  the  sole  duty  of  which  was 
to  pass  an  appropriation  bill.  Thus  the  year  1855  was  unique  in 
the  legislative  history  of  the  country  as  having,  in  membership, 
two  distinct  Houses  of  Representatives. 

When  the  Legislative  Council  met  for  the  session  of  1851.  the 
two  branches  organized  separately,  and  the  Journals  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  began  with  this  session. 

It  will  be  noted  that  at  the  early  sessions  of  the  House  of 
Nobles,  female  chiefs  were  members  of  that  body.  These  may  be 
identified  in  the  Roster  by  (w)  after  the  name;  thus  Hawaii  was 
far  in  advance  of  the  mainland  in  having  women  in  its  National 
Council ;  this  was  due  to  rank,  however. 

It  will  also  be  noted  that  Associate  Justice  Geo.  M.  Robertson 
held  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  was  Speaker 
during  the  Sessions  of  1855,  1856  and  1858-9,  while  at  the  same 
time  occupying  a  seat  on  the  Supreme  Bench.  This  right  was 
not  questioned  until  the  Session  of  1856,  when  thirteen  residents 
of  Honolulu  protested,  in  a  petition  to  the  House,  against  his 
holding  a  seat  in  that  body  on  the  ground  that  it  was  contrary  to 
the  Constitution  of  1852.  This  petition  was  referred  to  Chief 
Justice  Lee,  who,  in  a  lengthy  opinion,  dated  May  1,  1856,  and 
which  is  recorded  in  the  journal  following  the  proceedings  of 
May  12,  of  that  year,  held  that  it  was  not  unconstitutional  for  a 
judge  to  hold  a  seat  on  the  bench  and  in  the  Legislature  at  one  and 
the  same  time.  Judge  Lee  himself  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
during  the  Session  of  1851  while  holding  the  office  of  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Superior  Court.  The  Constitution  of  1840,  in  force 
at  that  time,  makes  no  mention  of  this  subject,  however,  and  his 
right  to  a  seat  in  the  legislature  was  not  questioned.  John  li  was 
also  a  member  of  the  House  of  Nobles  while  holding  the  office  of 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  during  the  several  ses- 
sions 1848-1854  inclusive,  and  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
during  the  session  of  1855.  The  right  of  the  Judges  to  hold  seats 
in  the  legislature  was  abolished  by  the  Constitution  of  1864. 

The  several  Constitutions  have  been  included  in  this  compila- 
tion, and  precede  the  periods  to  which  they  apply,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  showing  the  organic  law  under  which  the  Legislature  was 
acting   during   these   periods.       Under   Territorial    Government, 


only  such  portions  of  the  Organic  Act  as  apply  to  the  legislature 
are  given. 

For  the  purpose  of  showing  existing  conditions  and  the  busi- 
ness with  which  the  legislature  would  have  to  deal,  the  speech  of 
the  Monarch  precedes  the  diiTerent  sessions,  from  the  first  deliv- 
ered to  the  legislature  of  1845  to  that  of  1892.  Also  the  speech 
at  the  end  of  the  session,  1866  and  1888  excepted,  the  first  of 
which  was  made  on  the  occasion  of  dissolving  the  regular  session 
of  1855,  and  established  the  precedent  thereafter  followed  during 
the  Monarchy.  The  Speech  of  the  President  at  the  opening  of 
the  sessions  under  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  are  also  included  for 
the  same  reason  as  above  stated.  The  Governor's  messages  to 
the  Territorial  legislatures  are  omitted,  as  they  can  be  found  in 
the  printed  journals  of  the  different  sessions. 

From  the  time  the  Constitution  of  1852  went  into  effect  until 
that  of  1887,  the  Nobles  were  appointed  for  life  by  the  King. 
Previous  to  1852  they  were  elected  by  the  Nobles  themselves,  and 
under  the  Constitution  of  1887  by  the  people.  During  the  period 
of  these  life  appointments  only  the  names  of  such  Nobles  as  are 
recorded  in  the  journals,  as  being  present  and  taking  part  in  the 
proceedings,  are  given  in  the  Roster;  at  no  session  until  that  of 
1887  was  there  a  full  attendance  of  the  members  of  the  House  of 
Nobles.  Exclusive  of  the  Ministers,  the  Nobles  present  varied 
from  six  at  the  extra  session  of  1874  to  twenty-one  at  the  session 
of  1886.  Under  the  Constitutions  of  1852  and  1864  the  Minis- 
ters held  seats  ex-officio,  in  the  House  of  Nobles ;  under  that  of 
1887  they  held  seats  in  the  legislature.  Under  all  the  Constitu- 
tions mentioned  they  had  the  same  privileges  as  that  of  appointed 
or  elected  members,  including  that  of  voting,  excepting  under  the 
Constitution  of  1887,  on  a  question  of  want  of  confidence  in  them. 
In  the  Roster  of  "Record  of  Service"  they  are  indicated  by  an  *. 

Under  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic,  the  Members  of  the 
President's  Cabinet  were  ex-ofticio  members  of  both  Houses, 
with  all  the  rights,  powers  and  privileges  of  elected  members, 
except  that  of  voting.  The  Cabinet  did  not  take  part  in  the  leg- 
islative proceedings  to  the  same  extent  as  that  taken  by  the  Min- 
isters of  the  Crown.  Their  services  in  the  Legislature  were  more 
in  the  nature  of  an  advisory  capacity  and  of  furnishing  informa- 
tion required. 

Previous  to  the  Special  Session  of  1887  the  journals,  as  a  rule, 
do  not  designate  the  districts  represented.  Beginning  with  that 
session  these  are  of  record,  and  the  members  of  both  houses  are 
listed  under  the  districts  they  represent.  From  the  session  of 
1901  the  political  party  is  also  designated. 


THE   FIRST  CONSTITUTION  OF  HAWAII 

Granted  by  Kamehameha  III,  October  8,  1840. 


DECLARATION    OF   RIGHTS,    BOTH    OF   THE    PEOPLE    AND    CHIEFS. 

"God  hath  made  of  one  blood  all  nations  of  men  to  dwell  on 
the  earth,"  in  unity  and  blessedness.  God  has  also  bestowed 
certain  rights  alike  on  all  men  and  all  chiefs,  and  all  people  of 
all  lands. 

These  are  some  of  the  rights  which  He  has  given  alike  to  every 
man  and  every  chief  of  correct  deportment;  life,  limb,  liberty, 
freedom  from  oppression;  the  earnings  of  his  hands  and  the  pro- 
ductions of  his  mind,  not  however  to  those  who  act  in  violation 
of  the  laws. 

God  has  also  established  government,  and  rule  for  the  purpose 
of  peace ;  but  in  making  laws  for  the  nation  it  is  by  no  means 
proper  to  enact  laws  for  the  protection  of  the  rulers  only,  without 
also  providing  protection  for  their  subjects;  neither  is  it  proper 
to  enact  laws  to  enrich  the  chiefs  only,  without  regard  to  enrich- 
ing their  subjects  also,  and  hereafter  there  shall  by  no  means  be 
any  laws  enacted  which  are  at  variance  with  what  is  above  ex- 
pressed, neither  shall  any  tax  be  assessed,  nor  any  service  or  labor 
required  of  any  man,  in  a  manner  which  is  at  variance  with  the 
above  sentiments. 

PROTECTION    FOR    THE    PEOPLE    DECLARED. 

The  above  sentiments  are  hereby  published  for  the  purpose  of 
protecting  alike,  both  the  people  and  the  chiefs  of  all  these  islands, 
while  they  maintain  a  correct  deportment;  that  no  chief  may  be 
able  to  oppress  any  subject,  but  that  chiefs  and  people  may  enjoy 
the  same  protection,  under  one  and  the  same  law. 

Protection  is  hereby  secured  to  the  persons  of  all  the  people, 
together  with  their  lands,  their  building  lots,  and  all  their  prop- 
erty, while  they  conform  to  the  laws  of  the  kingdom,  and  nothing 
whatever  shall  be  taken  from  any  individual  except  by  express 
provision  of  the  laws.  Whatever  chief  shall  act  perseveringly  in 
violation  of  this  constitution,  shall  no  longer  remain  a  chief  of 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  the  same  shall  be  true  of  the  Gover- 
nors, ofificers,  and  all  land  agents. 

But  if  any  one  who  is  deposed  shall  change  his  course,  and 
regulate  his  conduct  by  law,  it  shall  then  be  in  the  power  of  the 
chiefs  to  reinstate  him  in  the  place  he  occupied  previous  to  his 
being  deposed. 


CONSTITUTION. 

It  is  our  design  to  regulate  our  kingdom  according  to  the  above 
principles  and  thus  seek  the  greatest  prosperity  both  of  all  the 
chiefs  and  all  of  the  people  of  these  Hawaiian  Islands.  But  we 
are  aware  that  we  cannot  ourselves  alone  accomplish  such  an 
object — God  must  be  our  aid,  for  it  is  His  province  alone  to  give 
perfect  protection  and  prosperity. — Wherefore  we  first  present 
our  supplication  to  iiim,  that  he  will  guide  us  to  right  measures 
and  sustain  us  in  our  work. 

It  is  therefore  our  fixed  decree, 

I.  That  no  law  shall  be  enacted  which  is  at  variance  with 
the  word  of  the  Lord  Jehovah,  or  at  variance  with  the  general 
spirit  of  His  word.  All  laws  of  the  Islands  shall  be  in  consist- 
ency with  the  general  spirit  of  God's  law. 

II.  All  men  of  every  religion  shall  be  protected  in  worship- 
ping Jehovah,  and  serving  Him,  according  to  their  own  under- 
standing, but  no  man  shall  ever  be  punished  for  neglect  of  God 
unless  he  injures  his  neighbor,  or  bring  evil  on  the  kingdom. 

HI.  The  law  shall  give  redress  to  every  man  who  is  injured 
by  another  without  a  fault  of  his  own,  and  shall  protect  all  men 
while  they  conduct  properly,  and  shall  punish  all  men  who  com- 
mit crime  against  the  kingdom  or  against  individuals,  and  no 
unequal  law  shall  be  passed  for  the  benefit  of  one  to  the  injury 
of  another. 

IV.  No  man  shall  be  punished  unless  his  crime  be  first  made 
manifest,  neither  shall  he  be  punished  unless  he  be  first  brought 
to  trial  in  the  presence  of  his  accusers,  and  they  have  met  face 
to  face,  and  the  trial  having  been  conducted  according  to  law, 
and  the  crime  made  manifest  in  their  presence,  then  punishment 
may  be  inflicted. 

V.  No  man  or  chief  shall  be  permitted  to  sit  as  judge  or  act 
on  a  jury  to  try  his  particular  friend  (or  enemy),  or  one  who  ii' 
especially  connected  with  him.  Wherefore  if  any  man  ])e  con- 
demned or  acquitted,  and  it  shall  afterwards  be  made  to  appear, 
that  some  one  who  tried  him  acted  with  partiality  for  the  pur- 
pose of  favoring  his  friend  (or  injuring  his  enemy),  or  for  the 
purpose  of  enriching  himself,  then  there  shall  be  a  new  trial 
allowed  before  those  who  are  impartial. 

EXPOSITION  OF  THE  TRINCIPLES  ON  WHICH  THE  PRESENT  DYNASTY 
IS    FOUNDED. 

The  origin  of  the  present  government,  and  system  of  polity, 
is  as  follows:  Kamehameha  I,  was  the  founder  of  the  kingdom, 
and  to  him  belonged  all  the  land  from  one  end  of  the  Islands  to 
the  other,  though  it  was  not  his  own  private  property.  It  be- 
longed to  the  chiefs  and  people  in  common,  of  whom  Kameha- 


10 

meha  I  was  the  hgad,  and  had  the  management  of  the  landed 
property.  Wherefore,  there  was  not  formerly,  and  is  not  now 
any  person  who  could  or  can  convey  away  the  smallest  portion 
of  land  without  the  consent  of  the  one  who  had,  or  has  the  direc- 
tion of  the  kingdom. 

These  are  the  persons  who  have  had  the  direction  of  it  irom 
that  time  down,  Kamehameha  II,  Kaahumanu  I,  and  at  rlie 
present  time  Kamehameha  III.  These  persons  have  had  llie 
direction  of  the  kingdom  down  to  the  present  time,  and  all  docu- 
ments written  by  them,  and  no  others  are  the  documents  of  the 
kingdom. 

The  kingdom  is  permanently  confirmed  to  Kamehameha  III, 
and  his  heirs,  and  his  heir  shall  be  the  person  whom  he  anJ  the 
chiefs  shall  appoint,  during  his  life  time,  but  should  there  be 
no  appointment,  then  the  decision  shall  rest  with  the  chiefs  and 
house  of  Representatives. 

PREROGATIVES    OF    THE    KING. 

The  prerogatives  of  the  King  are  as  follows :  He  is  the  sov- 
ereign of  all  the  people  and  all  the  chiefs.  The  kingdom  is  his. 
He  shall  have  the  direction  of  the  army  and  all  the  implements 
of  war  of  the  kingdom.  He  also  shall  have  the  direction  of  the 
government  property — the  poll  tax — the  land  tax — the  three  days 
monthly  labor,  though  in  conformity  to  the  laws.  He  also  shall 
retain  his  own  private  lands,  and  lands  forfeited  for  the  non-pay- 
ment of  taxes  shall  revert  to  him. 

He  shall  be  the  chief  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  it  shall 
be  his  duty  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  land,  also  all  decrees  and 
treaties  with  other  countries,  all  however  in  accordance  with  the 
laws. 

It  shall  also  be  his  prerogative  to  form  treaties  with  the  rulers 
of  all  other  kingdoms,  also  to  receive  ministers  sent  by  other 
countries,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  confirm  agreements  with 
them. 

He  shall  also  have  power  to  make  war  in  time  of  emergency, 
when  the  chiefs  cannot  be  assembled,  and  he  shall  be  the  com- 
mander-in-chief. He  shall  also  have  power  to  transact  all  im- 
portant business  of  the  kingdom  which  is  not  by  law  assigned  to 
others. 

RESPECTING   THE    PREMIER    OF    THE    KINGDOM. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  King  to  appoint  some  chief  of  ra:ik 
and  ability,  to  be  his  particular  minister,  whose  title  shall  De 
Premier  of  the  Kingdom.  His  office  and  business  shall  be  the 
same  as  that  of  Kaahumanu  I,  and  Kaahumanu  II.  For  even 
in  the  time  of  Kamehameha  I,  life  and  death,  condemnation  and 


11 

acquittal  were  in  the  hands  of  Kaahumanu.  When  Kameha- 
meha  I,  died,  his  will  was,  "The  Kingdom  is  Liholiho's,  and 
Kaahumanu  is  his  Minister."  That  important  feature  of  the 
government,  originated  by  Kamehameha  I,  shall  be  perpetuated 
in  these  Hawaiian  Islands,  but  shall  always  be  in  subserviency  to 
the  law. 

The  following  are  the  duties  of  the  Premier :  All  business  con- 
nected with  the  special  interests  of  the  kingdom,  which  the  King 
wishes  to  transact,  shall  be  done  by  the  Premier  under  the  author- 
ity of  the  King.  All  documents  and  business  of  the  kingdom 
executed  by  the  Premier,  shall  be  considered  as  executed  by  the 
King's  authority.  All  government  property  shall  be  reported  to 
him  (or  her)  and  he  (or  she)  shall  make  it  over  to  the  King. 

The  Premier  shall  be  the  King's  special  counsellor  in  the  great 
business  of  the  kingdom. 

The  King  shall  not  act  without  the  knowledge  of  the  Premier, 
nor  shall  the  Premier  act  without  the  knowledge  of  the  King, 
and  the  veto  of  the  King  on  the  acts  of  the  Premier  shall  arrest 
the  business.  All  important  business  of  the  kingdom  which  the 
King  chooses  to  transact  in  person,  he  may  do  it  but  not  without 
the  approbation  of  the  Premier. 

GOVERNORS. 

There  shall  be  four  Governors  over  these  Hawaiian  Islands — 
one  for  Hawaii — one  for  Maui  and  the  Islands  adjacent — one  for 
Oahu,  and  one  for  Kauai  and  the  adjacent  Islands.  All  the 
Governors,  from  Hawaii  to  Kauai  shall  be  subject  to  the  king. 

The  prerogatives  of  the  Governors  and  their  duties,  shall  be 
as  follows :  Each  Governor  shall  have  the  general  direction  of 
the  several  tax  gatherers  of  his  island,  and  shall  support  them 
in  the  execution  of  all  their  orders  which  he  considers  to  have 
been  properly  given,  but  shall  pursue  a  course  according  to  law, 
and  not  according  to  his  own  private  views.  He  also  shall  preside 
over  all  the  judges  of  his  island,  and  shall  see  their  sentences 
executed  as  above.  He  shall  also  appoint  the  judges  and  give 
them  their  certificates  of  office. 

All  the  Governors,  from  Hawaii  to  Kauai  shall  be  subject  not 
only  to  the  King,  but  also  to  the  Premier. 

The  Governor  shall  be  the  superior  over  his  particular  island 
or  islands.  He  shall  have  charge  of  the  munitions  of  war,  under 
the  direction  of  the  King,  however,  and  the  Premier.  He  shall 
have  charge  of  the  forts,  the  soldiery,  the  arms  and  all  the  im- 
plements of  war.  He  shall  receive  the  government  dues  and 
shall  deliver  over  the  same  to  the  Premier.  All  important  deci- 
sions rest  with  him  in  times  of  emergency,  unless  the  King  or 
Premier  be  present.  He  shall  have  charge  of  all  the  King's  busi- 
ness on  the  island,  the  taxation,  new  improvements  to  be  extended, 


12 

and  plans  for  the  increase  of  wealth,  and  all  officers  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  him.  He  shall  also  have  power  to  decide  all  questions, 
and  transact  all  island  business  which  is  not  by  law  assigned  to 
others. 

When  either  of  the  Governors  shall  decease,  then  all  the  chiefs 
shall  assemble  at  such  place  as  the  King  shall  appoint,  and  shall 
nominate  a  successor  of  the  deceased  Governor,  and  whosoever 
they  shall  nominate  and  be  approved  by  the  King,  he  shall  be  the 
new  Governor. 

HOUSE    OF    NOBLES. 

At  the  present  period,  these  are  the  persons  who  shall  sit  in 
the  government  councils,  Kamehameha  III,  Kekauluohi,  Hoapi- 
liwahine,  Kuakini,  Kekauonohi,  Kahekili,  Paki,  Konia,  Keoho- 
kalole,  Leleiohoku,  Kekuanaoa,  Kealiiahonui,  Kanaina,  Keoni  li, 
Keoni  Ana,  and  Haalilio.  Should  any  other  person  be  received 
into  the  council,  it  shall  be  made  known  by  law.  These  persons 
shall  have  part  in  the  councils  of  the  kingdom.  No  law  of  the 
nation  shall  be  passed  without  their  assent.  They  shall  act  in  the 
following  manner :  They  shall  assemble  annually,  for  the  purpose 
of  seeking  the  welfare  of  the  nation,  and  establishing  laws  for  the 
kingdom.  Their  meetings  shall  commence  in  April,  at  such  day 
and  place  as  the  King  shall  appoint. 

It  shall  also  be  proper  for  the  King  to  consult  with  the  above 
persons  respecting  all  the  great  concerns  of  the  kingdom,  in  order 
to  promote  unanimity  and  secure  the  greatest  good.  They  shall 
moreover  transact  such  other  business  as  the  King  shall  commit 
to  them. 

They  shall  still  retain  their  own  appropriate  lands,  whether 
districts  or  plantations,  or  whatever  divisions  they  may  be,  and 
they  may  conduct  the  business  on  said  lands  at  their  discretion, 
but  not  at  variance  with  the  laws  of  the  kingdom. 

RESPECTING  THE  REPRESENTATIVE  BODY. 

There  shall  be  annually  chosen  certain  persons  to  sit  in  council 
with  the  Nobles  and  establish  laws  for  the  nation.  They  shall  be 
chosen  by  the  people,  according  to  their  wish,  from  Hawaii,  Maui, 
Oahu  and  Kauai.  The  law  shall  decide  the  form  of  choosing 
them,  and  also  the  number  to  be  chosen.  This  representative 
body  shall  have  a  voice  in  the  business  of  the  kingdom.  No  law 
shall  be  passed  without  the  approbation  of  a  majority  of  them. 

RESPECTING    THE    MEETINGS    OF    THE    LEGISLATIVE    BODY. 

There  shall  be  an  annual  meeting  as  stated  above;  but  if  the 
Rulers  think  it  desirable  to  meet  again  they  may  do  it  at  their 
discretion. 


13 

When  they  assemble,  the  Nobles  shall  meet  by  themselves  and 
the  representative  body  by  themselves,  though  at  such  times  as 
they  shall  think  it  necessary  to  consult  together,  they  may  unite 
at  their  discretion. 

The  form  of  doing  business  shall  be  as  follows :  The  Nobles 
shall  appoint  a  Secretary  for  themselves  who  at  the  meetings 
shall  record  all  decisions  made  by  them,  and  that  book  of  records 
shall  be  preserved  in  order  that  no  decrees  affecting  the  interests 
of  the  kingdom  may  be  lost. 

The  same  shall  be  done  by  the  representative  body.  They 
too  shall  choose  a  Secretary  for  themselves,  and  when  they  meet 
for  the  purpose  of  seeking  the  interests  of  the  kingdom,  and  shall 
come  to  a  decision  on  any  point,  then  that  decision  shall  be  re- 
corded in  a  book,  and  the  book  shall  be  preserved,  in  order  that 
nothing  valuable,  affecting  the  interests  of  the  kingdom  should 
be  lost ;  and  there  shall  no  new  law  be  made,  without  the  appro- 
bation of  a  majority  of  the  Nobles  and  also  a  majority  of  the 
representative  body. 

When  any  act  shall  have  been  agreed  upon  by  them,  it  shall 
then  be  presented  to  the  King,  and  if  he  approve  and  sign  his 
name,  and  also  the  Premier,  then  it  shall  become  a  law  of  the 
kingdom,  and  that  law  shall  not  be  repealed  until  it  is  done  by 
the  voice  of  those  who  established  it. 

RESPECTING  THE  TAX  OFFICERS. 

The  King  and  Premier  shall  appoint  Tax  Officers,  and  give 
them  their  certificates  of  office.  There  shall  be  distinct  tax  offi- 
cers for  each  of  the  islands,  at  the  discretion  of  the  King  and 
Premier. 

When  a  tax  officer  has  received  his  certificate  of  appointment, 
he  shall  not  be  dismissed  from  office  without  first  having  a  formal 
trial,  and  having  been  convicted  of  fault,  at  which  time  he  shall 
be  dismissed.  Though  if  the  law  should  prescribe  a  given  num- 
ber of  years  as  the  term  of  office,  it  may  be  done. 

The  following  are  the  established  duties  of  the  tax  officers. 
They  shall  assess  the  taxes  and  give  notice  of  the  amount  to  all 
the  people,  that  they  may  understand  in  suitable  time.  The  tax 
officers  shall  make  the  assessment  in  subserviency  to  the  orders 
of  the  Governors,  and  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 
the  law.  And  when  the  taxes  are  to  be  gathered,  they  shall 
gather  them  and  deliver  the  property  to  the  Governor,  and  the 
Governor  shall  pav  it  over  to  the  Premier,  and  the  Premier  shall 
deliver  it  to  the  King. 

The  tax  officers  shall  also  have  charge  of  the  public  labor  done 
for  the  King,  though  if  they  see  proper  to  commit  it  to  the  land 
agents  it  is  well,  but  the  tax  officers  being  above  the  land  agents 
shall  be  accountable  for  the  work.     They  shall  also  have  charge 


14 

of  all  new  business  which  the  King  shall  wish  to  extend  through 
the  kingdom.  In  all  business  however  they  shall  be  subject  to 
the  Governor. 

The  tax  officers  shall  be  the  judges  in  all  cases  arising  under 
the  tax  law.  In  all  cases  where  land  agents  or  landlords  are 
charged  with  oppressing  the  lower  classes,  and  also  in  all  cases 
of  difficulty  between  land  agents  and  tenants,  the  tax  officers 
shall  be  the  judges,  and  also  all  cases  arising  under  the  tax  law 
enacted  on  the  7th  of  June,  1839. 

They  shall  moreover  perform  their  duties  in  the  following 
manner:  Each  tax  officer  shall  be  confined  in  his  authority  to  his 
own  appropriate  district.  If  a  difficulty  arises  between  a  land 
agent  and  his  tenant,  the  tax  officer  shall  try  the  case  and  if  the 
tenant  be  found  guilty,  then  the  tax  officer,  in  connection  with 
the  land  agent  shall  execute  the  law  upon  him.  But  if  the  tax 
officer  judge  the  land  agent  to  be  in  fault,  then  he  shall  notify 
all  the  tax  officers  of  his  particular  island,  and  if  they  are  agreed, 
they  shall  pass  sentence  on  him  and  the  Governor  shall  execute 
it.  But  in  all  trials,  if  any  individual  take  exception  to  the  deci- 
sion of  the  tax  officer,  he  may  appeal  to  the  Governor  who  shall 
have  power  to  try  the  case  again,  and  if  exceptions  are  taken  to 
the  decision  of  the  Governor,  on  information  given  to  the  Su- 
preme Judges,  there  shall  be  a  new  and  final  trial  before  them. 

OF   THE   JUDGE.S. 

Each  of  the  Governors  shall  at  his  discretion,  appoint  judges 
for  his  particular  island,  two  or  more  as  he  shall  think  expedient, 
and  shall  give  them  certificates  of  office.  After  having  received 
their  certificates,  they  shall  not  be  turned  out,  except  by  im- 
peachment, though  it  shall  be  proper  at  any  time  for  the  law  to 
limit  the  term  of  office. 

They  shall  act  in  the  following  manner :  They  shall  give 
notice  before  hand  of  the  days  on  which  courts  are  to  be  held. 
When  the  time  specified  arrives,  they  shall  then  enter  on  the 
trials  according  as  the  law  shall  direct.  They  shall  be  the  judges 
in  case  arising  under  all  the  laws  excepting  those  which  regard 
taxation,  or  difficulties  between  land  agents,  or  landlords  and 
their  tenants.  They  shall  be  sustained  by  the  Governor,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  execute  the  law  according  to  their  decisions. 
But  if  exceptions  are  taken  to  their  judgment,  whosoever  takes 
them  may  appeal  to  the  supreme  judges. 

OF    THE    SUPREME    JUDGES. 

The  representative  body  shall  appoint  four  persons  Avhose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  aid  the  King  and  Premier,  and  these  six  persons 
shall  constitute  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  kingdom. 


15 

Their  business  shall  be  to  settle  all  cases  of  difficulty  which 
are  left  unsettled  by  the  tax  officers  and  common  judges.  They 
shall  give  a  new  trial  according  to  the  conditions  of  the  law. 
They  shall  give  previous  notice  of  the  time  for  holding  courts, 
in  order  that  those  who  are  in  difficulty  may  appeal.  The  deci- 
sion of  these  shall  be  final.  There  shall  be  no  further  trial  after 
theirs.  Life,  death,  confinement,  fine,  and  freedom,  from  it,  are 
all  in  their  hands,  and  their  decisions  are  final. 

OF    CHANGES    IN    THIS    CONSTITUTION. 

This  constitution  shall  not  be  considered  as  finally  established, 
imtil  the  people  have  generally  heard  it  and  have  appointed  per- 
sons according  to  the  provisions  herein  made,  and  they  have  given 
their  assent,  then  this  constitution  shall  be  considered  as  perma- 
nently established. 

But  hereafter,  if  it  should  be  thought  desirable  to  change  it, 
notice  shall  be  previously  given,  that  all  the  people  may  under- 
stand the  nature  of  the  proposed  change,  and  the  succeeding 
year,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Nobles  and  the  representative  body, 
if  they  shall  agree  as  to  the  addition  proposed  or  as  to  the  altera- 
tion, then  they  may  make  it. 

The  above  constitution  has  been  agreed  to  by  the  Nobles,  and 
we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names,  this  eighth  day  of  Octo- 
ber, in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1840,  at  Honolulu,  Oahu. 

(Signed)     Kameiiameha  III. 
Kekauluohi. 


16 


HOUSE  OF  NOBLES. 
Session  of  1840. 


The  House  of  Nobles  was  in  session  at  Lahaina,  Maui.  No- 
vember 2-14  inclusive.  Other  than  the  Laws  passed  there  is 
nothing  of  record. 


LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1841. 


n  April   1. 


Sat  34  Days. 
THE  KING. 


Ended  May  31. 


HOAPILI, 

KAHEKILI. 

KEAHONUI. 

KEKAUONOHI  (w). 

KEOHOKALOLE,    A.    (w). 

KUAKINI. 

PAKI,  A. 


II,    JOHN. 
KANAINA,  C. 
KEKAULUOHI   (w). 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
KONIA,   L.    (w). 
LELEIOHOKU. 
YOUNG,  JOHN,  2nd. 

KAPENA,   Clcrl;. 


Began  April   12. 


HAALILIO. 
KEKAULUOHI   (w: 
KELIIAHONUI. 
KUAKINI. 
PAKI. 


Session  of   1842. 

Ended  May  20. 
Sat  28  Days. 

THE  KING. 

KANAINA. 
KEKAUONOHI   (w). 
KEOHOKALOLE    (w). 
LELEIOHOKU. 
YOUNG,   JOHN. 

PAUL  KANOA,  Clerk. 


17 

THE  KING'S  SPEECH  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE, 
MAY  20,  1845. 


Nobles  and  Representatives  of  the  People: 

We  have  called  you  together  to  deliberate  on  matters  con- 
nected with  the  good  of  our  Kingdom. 

In  the  exercise  of  our  prerogatives,  we  have  appointed  G.  P. 
Judd  to  be  our  Minister  for  the  Interior  Affairs  of  our  Kingdom; 
R.  C.  Wyllie  to  be  our  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations;  and  John 
Ricord  our  law  adviser  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  administra- 
tion of  justice. 

We  have  ordered  our  Ministers  to  lay  before  you,  the  Reports 
of  their  several  departments. 

The  Independence  of  our  Kingdom  has  been  most  explicitly 
recognized  by  the  United  States  of  America,  Great  Britain, 
France  and  Belgium.  From  each  of  these  powers  we  have  re- 
ceived the. most  friendly  assurances. 

It  is  our  wish  to  cultivate  the  relation  of  peace  and  friendship 
with  all  nations,  and  to  treat  the  subjects  of  all  with  equal  justice. 

With  this  view  we  recommend  to  your  consideration  the  bet- 
ter organization  of  the  Courts  of  Justice,  the  divisipn  of  powers, 
and  a  careful  revisal  of  the  Laws. 

The  laws  regulating  licenses,  the  tenure  of  lands,  the  registra- 
tion of  vessels,  the  harbor  regulations,  the  duties,  the  fines  for 
the  punishment  and  correction  of  off'enses,  the  laws  for  the  col- 
lection of  debts  and  taxes  generally,  deserve  your  attention. 

Our  Minister  for  the  Interior  will  lay  before  you  the  esti- 
mates of  the  expenses  required  for  the  ensuing  year,  for  which  it 
is  incumbent  on  you  to  provide  with  a  due  regard  to  economy 
and  the  means  of  the  people. 

It  is  our  desire  that  you  take  measures  to  ascertain  whether 
the  number  of  our  people  be  diminishing  or  increasing,  and  that 
you  devise  means  for  augmenting  the  comforts  and  the  happiness 
of  the  people  of  our  Islands. 

We  consider  it  the  first  of  our  duties  to  protect  Religion,  and 
promote  good  morals  and  general  education.  It  will  therefore 
be  your  duty  to  consider  by  what  means  those  blessings  can  be 
best  promoted  and  extended  among  the  people  of  these  Islands, 
and  also  among  the  foreigners  resident  in  our  dominions. 

We  are  well  aware  that  the  Word  of  God  is  the  corner-stone  of 
our  kingdom.  Through  its  influence  we  have  been  introduced 
into  the  family  of  the  independent  nations  of  the  earth. 

It  shall  therefore  be  our  constant  endeavor  to  govern  our  sub- 
jects in  the  fear  of  the  Lord;  to  temper  justice  with  mercy  in  the 
punishment  of  crime;  and  to  reward  industry  and  virtue. 

The  Almighty  Ruler  of  nations  has  dealt  kindly  with  us  in  our 
troubles,  in  restoring  our  kingdom,  together  with  special  guaran- 
tees for  its  existence  as  an  independent  nation. 

May  He  also  aid  you  in  your  deliberations,  and  may  He  grant 
special  protection  to  us,  to  you  and  our  people. 


Began  April  10. 


18 

LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1843. 

Sat  16  Days. 
THE  KING. 


Ended  April  28. 


II,  JOHN. 
KANAINA,  C. 
KEKAUONOHI  (w). 
KEOHOKALOLE   (w). 
KONIA  (w). 
LELEIOHOKU. 
YOUNG,  JOHN. 


Minister. 


JUDD,  G.  P.* 
KEKAULUOHI  (w). 
KEKUANAOA. 
KELIIAHONUI,  A. 
KUAKINI. 
PAKI. 

KAPENA  and  KAPEAU, 

Clerls. 


Began  April  2,  1845. 


Session  of  1845. 

Sat  120  Days. 
THE  KING. 


Ended  April  27,  1846. 


ALAPAI  (w). 
JUDD,  G.  P.* 
KALAMA,  H.   (w). 
KANEHOA,  J.  Y. 
KAPAAKEA,  KAISAEA. 
KEKAULUOHI,  M.  (w). 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
KEOHOKALOLE,  A.    (w). 
LELEIOHOKU. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 
PAKI,  A. 
EICHARDS,  WM.   (Clerk). 


II,  JOHN. 

KAEO,  J. 

KANAINA,  C. 

KANOA,  P. 

KAPENA,  JONAH  (Clerk). 

KEKAUONOHI. 

KELIIAHONUI,  E. 

KONIA,  L.  (w). 

LUKA  (w). 

NAMAUU. 

PIIKOI,  JONAH. 

YOUNG,  JOHN. 


*  Minister. 


Representatives. 


ALAPA. 

KAAUKAI. 

KAPAE. 


AUWAA. 

KALAWAHI. 

KOLIA. 


UMALELE. 


19 


THE  KING'S  SPEECH  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE, 
JULY  31,  1846. 


Nobles  and  Representatives  of  the  People: 

I  have  recalled  you  to  resume  the  labors  imposed  upon  you  by 
the  Constitution. 

In  consequence  of  the  unusual  duration  of  your  last  session, 
and  the  great  amount  of  important  business  transacted  by  you 
at  that  term,  you  have  been  reassembled  later  than  the  usual 
period  of  your  convention. 

I  have  commanded  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  to  report  to 
you  the  internal  affairs  of  the  Islands. 

I  am  happy  to  congratulate  you  on  the  preservation  of  the 
peace  and  order  of  society,  and  the  failure  of  all  eft'orts  to  excite 
discontent  and  commotion. 

I  have  received  the  most  friendly  assurances  from  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  whose  relations  to  these  Islands  have 
been  and  continue  to  be  so  important  to  the  advancement  of  the 
temporal  and  spiritual  interests  of  my  subjects. 

My  Commissioner  in  London  has  repeatedly  received  the 
strongest  assurances  of  the  interest  taken  by  her  Britannic  Maj- 
esty's Government  in  the  independence  and  prosperity  of  my 
Kingdom. 

My  relations  with  France  continue  of  the  most  friendly  and 
satisfactory  kind. 

With  all  other  nations,  what  intercourse  exists  is  of  peace  and 
good  will. 

I  have  commanded  my  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations  to  lay 
before  you  a  particular  report  of  the  affairs  of  his  Department. 

The  finances  of  the  country  have  improved  under  the  rigid 
economy  adopted  with  a  view  to  pay  off  all  the  pre-existing  debts, 
and  establishing  public  credit  on  a  basis  not  to  be  shaken. 

I  have  commanded  the  Minister  of  that  Department  to  lay 
before  you  his  report  since  the  first  of  April,  1845,  up  to  the 
same  date  the  present  year. 

In  execution  of  the  laws  creating  a  Department  of  Public 
Instruction,  I  have  appointed  as  Minister  of  that  Department, 
Mr.  William  Richards,  who  is  well  acquainted  with  the  subject, 
and  has  already  served  me  with  zeal  both  on  these  Islands  and  in 
foreign  countries.  I  have  commanded  him  to  lay  before  you  a 
report  upon  all  the  important  subjects  embraced  in  his  Depart- 
ment. 

The  administration  of  the  laws  during  the  last  year  has  been 
rendered  difficult  by  opposition  to  the  jurisdiction  of  my  tribu- 
nals, and  the  assertion  of  rights  and  privileges  incompatible  with 


20 

the  respect  due  to  my  authority  from  all  who  live  under  it.  I 
confide  in  the  good  will  of  this  community  and  in  the  Represen- 
tatives of  foreign  nations  to  discountenance,  by  their  advice  and 
influence,  all  such  seditious  pretentions  of  their  compatriots.  I 
have  commanded  my  Attorney  General  to  report  to  you  on  this 
subject. 

It  is  my  desire  that  the  tribunals  should  be  rendered  equal  to 
the  prompt  and  just  decision  of  all  questions  arising  within  my 
jurisdiction.  But  in  cases  of  great  delicacy  or  difficulty  arising 
betw^een  foreigners,  I  intend  to  reserve  to  myself  the  right  of 
taking  counsel  abroad  whenever  I  consider  it  expedient. 

I  recommend  to  you  to  w^atch  the  operation  of  the  new  laws, 
framed  for  the  protection  and  good  of  all,  but  doubtless  capable 
of  improvement.  You  will  listen  to  the  public  voice,  and  alter, 
modify  or  repeal,  as  the  interests  of  my  faithful  subjects  shall 
require. 

I  trust  that  the  labors  of  the  Land  Commissioners  will  result 
in  rendering  the  titles  to  land  clear  and  fixed,  and  thus  lay  a 
foundation  for  agricultural  enterprise.  It  is  my  special  wish  that 
the  laws  be  such  as  to  offer  the  most  efficient  encouragement  to 
profitable  industry.  I  recommend  to  your  consideration  the  best 
means  of  securing  that  object. 

It  will  be  your  duty  to  consider  the  operation  of  the  labor  tax, 
and  to  decide  whether  the  schools  can  be  supported  by  any  other 
means,  in  a  more  economical  manner,  or  by  any  method  more 
satisfactory  to  the  people. 

Finally,  I  recommend  to  you  the  most  careful  attention  to  every 
thing  that  can  promote  the  morality,  health,  happiness  and  wealth 
of  my  native  subjects,  and  every  thing  that  can,  consistently  with 
their  welfare,  render  the  Islands  a  desirable  home  for  those 
friendly  foreigners  who  are  content  to  live  under  my  laws,  and 
to  trust  their  fortunes  to  their  protection,  and  to  their  own  honest 
industry. 

May  the  Almighty  enlighten  your  councils,  and  guide  you  in  the 
path  of  truth  and  justice,  and  may  all  you  say  or  do,  redound  to 
His  glory  and  the  best  interests  of  my  people. 


THE  KING'S  SPEECH  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE, 
APRIL  28,  1847. 

Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  have  ordered  you  again  to  assemble  to  deliberate  together, 
for  the  benefit  of  my  subjects  and  of  foreigners  who  reside  under 
my  jurisdiction. 

I  have  ordered  my  Ministers  to  lay  before  you,  in  detail,  the 
reports  of  their  several  Departments. 


21 

I  am  happy  to  say  that  peace  and  order  prevail  throughout  my 
Islands,  and  that  the  cause  of  education,  religion  and  morality  is 
steadily  advancing. 

It  pains  me  to  tell  you  that,  in  some  districts,  there  has  been  a 
scarcity  of  food,  arising  in  some  places  from  drought,  in  others 
from  the  trespasses  of  cattle,  in  others  from  an  unusual  concourse 
of  ships,  and  in  others  from  neglect  of  the  cultivators. 

I  recommend  to  your  most  serious  consideration,  to  devise 
means  to  promote  the  agriculture  of  the  islands,  and  profitable 
industry  among  all  classes  of  their  inhabitants.  It  is  my  wish 
that  my  subjects  should  possess  lands  upon  a  secure  title;  enabling 
them  to  live  in  abundance  and  comfort,  and  to  bring  up  their 
children  free  from  the  vices  that  prevail  in  the  seaports. 

I  hope  the  Land  Commissioners  will  settle  all  disputed  titles 
to  land,  upon  principles  uniform  and  equitable,  and  that  you  will 
consider  the  best  means  of  equitably  dividing  such  lands  as  may 
be  held  by  several  proprietors,  or  of  enabling  one  of  the  proprie- 
tors to  buy  out  the  others,  so  as  to  remove  the  existing  shackles 
to  transfers  of  land,  so  as  that  those  who  own  land,  without  the 
means  of  cultivating  it,  may  be  enabled  to  sell  it  to  others  who 
have  the  means,  and  so  as  that  the  buyers  may  not  be  afterwards 
molested  by  claims  of  others  than  the  seller. 

What  my  native  subjects  are  greatly  in  want  of,  to  become 
farmers,  is  capital  with  which  to  buy  cattle,  fence  in  the  land  and 
cultivate  it  properly.  I  recommend  you  to  consider  the  best 
means  of  inducing  foreigners  to  furnish  capital  for  carrying  on 
agricultural  operations,  that  thus  the  exports  of  the  country  may 
be  increased ;  and  also  for  you  to  consider  whether  it  be  not  expe- 
dient that  the  income  derived  from  the  sale  of  lands,  should  be 
lopned  on  good  security  to  such  naturalized  foreigners  and  natives 
as  will  use  it  in  developing  the  resources  of  the  Islands. 

I  recommend  to  your  consideration  the  propriety  of  establish- 
ing a  new  and  more  efficient  system  of  police  and  prison  regula- 
tions ;  and  also  the  propriety  of  reorganizing  the  military  force, 
and  establishing  volunteer  companies  to  be  available  in  the  sea- 
ports, when  required,  to  suppress  disturbances  created  by  foreign 
sailors,  and  whether  it  would  be  desirable  to  establish  a  city  mag- 
istracy in  those  seaports. 

I  recommend  you  to  consider  the  question  whether  the  law 
requiring  foreigners  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  before  they 
marry  native  females,  can  be  repealed  with  safety  to  the  interests 
of  such  females,  and  of  general  morality. 

It  is  my  wish  that  no  other  restriction  be  put  on  foreigners  in 
such  cases,  except  such  as  are  necessary  to  prevent  hasty  and 
unsafe  marriages,  and  to  prevent  husbands  from  abandoning 
their  wives. 

I  am  glad  to  announce  to  you  that  it  has  pleased  Her  Most 
Gracious  Majesty,  the  Queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  to 


22 

solemnly  ratify  the  Treaty  of  26th  March,  1846,  in  a  manner 
which  places  the  independence  of  my  Kingdom  and  its  friendly 
relations  with  Great  Britain  upon  the  securest  basis. 

I  have  appointed  Plenipotentiaries  to  negotiate  a  Treaty  with 
the  United  States,  with  which  Republic,  I  am  glad  to  say,  my 
relations  continue  to  be  of  a  character  corresponding  to  the 
friendly  assurances  and  recommendations  of  the  President. 

My  relations  with  France  continue  to  be  of  the  most  friendly 
kind ;  as  an  evidence  of  which,  I  would  mention  the  mediation  of 
the  French  Consul,  in  a  suit  instituted  against  my  Government; 
and  the  efforts  he  has  made  to  bring  it  to  an  amicable  termination. 

I  have  made  a  treaty  with  His  Majesty,  the  King  of  Denmark, 
through  His  Chamberlain,  Capt.  Steen  Bille,  which,  I  hope.  His 
Majesty  will  be  pleased  to  ratify.  I  consider  it  eminently  calcu- 
lated to  promote  harmony,  and  mutually  advantageous  relations 
between  the  two  Kingdoms. 

With  all  other  nations,  what  relations  subsist,  are  of  the  most 
friendly  kind. 

I  earnestly  recommend  that  all  the  judges  and  magistrates  of 
the  Kingdom,  under  their  responsibility  to  me,  extend  the  same 
protection  to  foreigners  that  they  do  to  my  native  subjects;  and 
that  all  foreigners,  without  distinction,  be  allowed  to  enjoy  the 
same  rights  and  privileges  as  are  allowed  to  the  subjects  of  the 
most  favored  nation. 

I  have  appointed  the  Hon.  William  Lee  as  an  additional  judge 
in  Honolulu.  I  wish  you  to  consider  all  ameliorations  required 
in  the  laws,  or  their  administration,  so  that  the  law  may  be 
equally  and  justly  applied  to  all  who  live  under  my  jurisdiction. 

I  recommend  to  your  consideration  whether  there  be  any 
means  of  supporting  schools,  which  would  be  less  onerous  than 
the  present  labor  tax ;  and  whether  some  method  cannot  be 
adopted  for  the  protection  of  the  poorer  classes  from  oppression 
under  a  misapprehension  or  misapplication  of  the  laws. 

Finally,  I  especially  recommend  to  you  the  great  interests  of 
education  and  religion,  with  a  view  to  extend  them  to  all  classes, 
and  to  maintain  on  a  just  and  equal  footing  the  rights  of  all, 
whether  they  be  rights  of  conscience  or  rights  of  property. 

May  the  Almighty  enlighten  your  councils,  and  guide  you  in 
the  paths  of  truth  and  justice,  and  may  all  that  you  say  or  do 
redound  to  His  glory  and  the  best  interests  of  my  people. 


2?> 

LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1846. 


Began  April  30. 


Ended  November  9. 


Sat  32  Days. 
THE  KING. 


(w). 


ALAPAI,  J.  W. 
KAEO,  J. 
KANATNA,  C. 
KANOA,  P. 
KEKAUONOHI   (w). 
KELIIAHONUI,  A. 
KONIA,  L.    (w). 
NAMAUU. 
PIIKOI,  JONAH 


II,  JOHN. 
KALAMA,  H.   (w). 
KANEHOA,  J.  Y. 
KAPAAKEA. 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
KEOHOKALOLE,  A.   (w). 
LELEIOHOKU. 
PAKI,  A. 
YOUNG,   JOHN. 

J.  KEKAULAHAO,  Clerl: 

J.  W.   E.  MAIKAI,  Asst.  Cleric. 


Representatives. 


ALAPA, 
KAPAU. 
MALO,  DAVID. 


KALA. 

KAUMAEA. 

NAIO. 


UMALELE. 


n  April  2L 


Session  of  1847. 
Nobles. 

Sat  33  Days. 


ALAPAI,  J.  K.  (w). 
KAEO,  J. 
KANAINA,  C. 
KAPAAKEA. 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
KEOHOKALOLE,  A. 
LUKA,  K.  (w). 
NAMAUU,  N. 
PIIKOI,  JONAH. 


Ended  September  29. 


THE  KING. 


(w). 


II,   JOHN. 
KALAMA,  H.   (w). 
KANEHOA,  J.  Y. 
KEKAUONOHI,  M.  (w). 
KELIIAHONUL 
KONIA,  L.    (w). 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 
PAKI,  A. 
YOUNG,  JOHN. 

J.  W.  E.  MAIKAI,  Cleric. 


AUWAA. 
KEKUAPANIO. 


Representatives. 


KEAU. 
MAAKUIA. 


PALAU. 


24 

THE  KING'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  1848. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  am  glad  to  see  you  again  assembled  to  deliberate  for  the 
benefit  of  all  who  live  under  my  rule.  I  have  ordered  my  Min- 
isters to  lay  before  you  the  reports  of  their  respective  Depart- 
ments, for  the  last  year. 

The  relations  of  my  Kingdom  with  all  nations  with  which  we 
have  intercourse,  continue  of  the  most  friendly  kind. 

It  has  pleased  His  Majesty,  the  King  of  the  French,  to  ratify 
the  Treaty  of  the  26th  March,  1846,  in  similar  terms  to  those  in 
which  Her  Majesty,  the  Queen  of  Great  Britain,  ratified  the 
British  Treaty  of  the  same  date. 

No  Treaty  has,  as  yet,  been  negotiated  with  the  United  States. 

I  have  made  a  Treaty  with  the  Republic  of  the  Free  Hans- 
eatic  City  of  Hamburg,  which  I  hope  will  be  beneficial  to  the 
commerce  of  my  Islands. 

A  division  of  lands  has  been  amicably  effected  between  myself 
and  my  Konohikis,  by  means  of  which,  our  very  embarrassing 
tenure  has  been  simplified.  I  have  set  apart  a  certain  number  of 
lands  to  be  the  property  of  my  chiefs  and  people,  subject  to  such 
rules  as  you  may  adopt  for  their  disposal.  I  have  also  reserved 
to  myself  a  portion  of  lands  which  are  to  be  retained  as  my  private 
property,  and  to  descend  to  my  heirs  forever.  The  rights  of  the 
tenants  are  to  be  respected.  It  will  be  your  duty  not  only  to  pass 
such  laws  as  may  be  needful  for  the  regulation  and  disposal  of 
those  lands,  but,  if  possible,  to  devise  measures  for  the  applica- 
tion of  capital  and  labor  to  their  improvement,  in  order  to  create 
an  export  which  may  be  exchanged  for  the  productions  of  foreign 
countries. 

Owing  to  the  lamented  death  of  my  Minister  of  Public  In- 
struction, some  confusion  has  arisen  in  the  application  of  funds 
for  the  support  of  schools.  It  will  be  your  duty  to  enquire  if 
any  adequate  support  can  be  given  to  this  important  national 
object,  and  at  the  same  time  the  labor  tax  be  dispensed  with. 
Whatever  you  may  do,  you  will  bear  in  mind  the  equal  toleration 
which  is  to  be  shown  to  both  Catholics  and  Protestants. 

I  recommend  you  to  consider  the  practical  working  -of  the 
laws,  and  to  adopt  the  improvements  which  experience  may  have 
suggested. 

The  assurances  received  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain  and 
France,  confirm  me  in  my  policy  of  resisting  all  foreign  control 
in  the  government  of  my  Kingdom,  but  we  will  always  remember 
that,  deriving  everything  from  God,  we  are  to  acknowledge  Him 
and  seek  His  glory  in  whatever  we  say  or  do,  and  that  the  cause 
of  religion  and  morality  is  the  first  interest  of  my  Kingdom. 

May  the  Supreme  Ruler  of  nations  and  of  men  guide  you  in 
all  your  deliberations,  to  the  enactment  of  laws — equitable,  just 
and  wise,  promotive  of  a  wliolesome  morality  among  my  subjects, 
of  glory  to  God  and  good  will  to  all  mankind. 


25 


Began  April  25. 


LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1848. 

Sat  25  Days. 


Ended  June  12. 


THE  KING. 


ALAPAI,  J.  K.   (v.-). 
KAEO,  J. 
KANEHOA. 
KAPAAKEA,  K 
KEELIKOLANI,  RUTH  (w). 
KONIA,  L.   (w). 
NAMAUU. 
PIIKOI,  JONAH. 

YOUNG, 


II.  JOHN. 
KALAMA,  H.  (w). 
KANOA,  P. 
KAPEAU,  G.  L. 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
KELIIAHONUI,  A. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 
PAKI,  A. 
JOHN. 


J.  W.  E.  MAIKAI,  Clerl: 


Representatives. 


HULU. 

KAWAIHOA,  DANIEL. 

KEKUAPANIO. 


K  AH  ALE,  W. 

KEKIXO. 

WAHINEIKI. 


WANA. 


Session  of  1849. 
Nobles. 


n  April   30. 


Sat  1  Day. 


Ended   April   30. 


ALAPAL  J.  K.   (w). 
KAEO,  J. 
KANEHOA,  J.  Y. 
KAPAAKEA. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 


II,  JOHN. 
KANAINA,  C. 
KANOA,  P. 
KONIA,  L.  (w). 
PAKI,  A. 


YOUNG,  JOHN. 


P.  KALA:\IA,  Clerl: 


Representatives. 


KAWAIHOA,  DANIEL. 
LOKOMAIKAI. 


NAHAU. 


KIHA. 

MAIKAI,  J.  W.  E. 


NOTE: — As  only  a  few  members  were  present,  and  no  laws  had  been 
drawn  up  for  enactment,  the  legislature  of  1849  adjourned,  subject  to  the 
call  of  the  King,  until  the  month  of  April,  1850. 


26 

KING'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  1850. 


Nobles  and  Representatives  of  My  People: 

When  you  met  last  year,  as  the  Constitution  requires,  I  exer- 
cised my  prerogative  to  dismiss  you,  because  there  were  several 
measures  important  to  the  welfare  of  my  Kingdom  that  were  not 
then  matured.  I  have  convoked  you  now,  to  deliberate  upon 
those  measures,  and  all  others  that  in  your  wisdom  you  may 
think  conducive  to  the  general  welfare  of  my  people,  and  the 
remedy  of  abuses. 

I  am  happy  to  tell  you  that  the  assurances  I  have  received 
from  all  foreign  nations  are  of  the  most  friendly  character. 

With  the  United  States  a  treaty  of  amity  and  commerce  has 
been  negotiated,  of  the  ratification  of  which  by  the  President  and 
Senate,  I  expect  soon  to  hear. 

A  question  has  arisen  with  the  Government  of  the  French  Re- 
public, originating  in  acts  done  by  French  officers,  in  August  last, 
to  arrange  which,  in  an  amicable  manner,  I  despatched  my  Min- 
ister of  Finance  as  Plenipotentiary  to  that  Government.  View- 
ing that  question  as  essentially  personal  in  its  origin  and  objects, 
I  have  never,  for  one  moment,  allowed  it  to  shake  my  confidence 
in  the  justice  of  the  French  Government,  nor  to  abate  that  kind- 
ness and  protection  which,  on  a  par  with  the  most  favored  nation, 
are  due  to  French  citizens  and  their  interests  within  my  jurisdic- 
tion. I  have,  therefore,  so  much  the  greater  confidence  that  all 
my  representations  to  the  French  Government  will  be  favorably 
listened  to.  It  is  an  essential  principle  of  the  French  Republic  to 
respect  foreign  nationalities. 

In  April,  last  year,  I  appointed  Mr.  James  Jackson  Jarves  as 
my  special  Commissioner  to  the  Governments  of  the  United 
States,  Great  Britain,  and  France,  with  a  view  of  explaining  to 
those  Governments  the  perfect  impartiality  of  my  foreign  policy, 
and  the  desirableness  of  their  concurring  in  the  adoption  of  trea- 
ties precisely  similar  with  my  Kingdom,  of  a  mutual  engagement 
to  respect  its  neutrality,  and  of  some  common  rules  to  be  ob- 
served by  their  public  Agents  accredited  to  my  Government,  de- 
fining the  subjects,  decree  and  time  of  their  interference, 
obviating  all  jealousies  and  suspicions  of  one  another,  ensuring 
their  respect  to  my  laws  and  magistrates,  and  strictly  for- 
bidding all  secret  or  open  intervention  in  the  internal  affairs 
of  my  administration.  And  he  was  specially  instructed  to  rep- 
resent, respectfully,  to  the  Government  of  France,  that  their 
Agent  had  pursued  a  course  here  the  very  reverse  of  what  I  had 
expected  from  the  letter  of  M.  Guizot,  that  he  was  endeavoring  to 
create  dissensions,  both  between  the  members  of  my  administra- 
tion, and  between  them  and  the  Agents  of  other  foreign  nations ; 


27 

and  that  it  was  advisable  to  recall  him,  in  order  to  avert  a  dis- 
turbance of  friendly  relations  happily  subsisting  with  France. 
Unfortunatley,  the  private  affairs  of  Mr.  Jarves  detained  him  in 
the  United  States  till  it  was  too  late  to  avert  the  evils  which  had 
long  been  foreseen,  and  as  a  matter  of  emergency,  no  less  than  of 
respect  towards  the  Executive  of  France,  under  that  emergency, 
the  same  mission  in  a  more  special  form,  was  extended  to  my 
Minister  of  Finance.  He  is  now  in  France,  and  I  expect  daily 
to  hear  of  the  progress  of  his  negotiations  there. 

I  have  ordered  my  Ministers  to  lay  before  you  the  reports  of 
their  several   Executive  Departments   since  your   last   assembly. 

I  recommend  to  you  to  take  into  your  earliest  consideration  the 
decrease  of  the  native  population,  and  to  devise  means  to  stay  its 
progress. 

In  June,  1848,  in  concurrence  with  my  Chiefs,  and  with  the  aid 
of  my  Privy  Council,  I  made  a  division  of  lands  upon  the  prin- 
ciple of  surrendering  the  greater  portion  of  my  Royal  Domain  to 
my  Chiefs  and  people,  with  a  reserve  of  certain  lands  for  the 
support  of  the  Fort  and  Garrison  of  my  Capital,  and  certain  other 
lands  as  my  own  private  property,  in  lieu  of  the  share  which  I, 
inheriting  the  right  of  my  predecessors,  held  in  all  the  lands  of 
the  Islands.  Under  that  joint  tenure,  all  lands  howsoever  or  to 
whomsoever  donated,  were  revocable  at  will ;  no  man's  possession, 
even  that  of  the  highest  chief,  was  secure,  and  no  man  thought  of 
improving  land,  the  possession  of  which  was  so  uncertain.  To 
remove  this  great  bar  to  improvement,  the  division  was  made,  but 
as  the  interests  of  my  poorer  subjects  appeared  to  me  to  require 
further  protection,  with  the  concurrence  of  my  Chiefs  and  the 
aid  of  my  Privy  Council,  as  aforesaid,  on  the  21st  December, 
1849,  certain  Resolutions  were  passed  with  the  view  of  giving  to 
the  industrious  cultivators  of  the  soil  an  allodial  title  to  the  por- 
tions they  occupied,  and  to  facilitate  the  acquisition  of  land  in  fee 
simple,  by  others  inclined  to  be  industrious. 

I  specially  recommend  to  you  everything  that  can  render  my 
people  industrious  and  provident.  Perhaps  a  Savings  Bank  under 
proper  regulations  would  have  that  eft'ect. 

The  prosperity  of  the  Islands  and  their  altered  position  rela- 
tively to  Oregon  and  California,  require  a  greatly  increased  cul- 
tivation of  the  soil,  which  will  not  be  possible  without  the  aid  of 
foreign  capital  and  labor.  It  will  be  for  you  to  consider  what 
can  be  done  to  encourage  these  elements  of  wealth,  and  whether 
the  law  preventing  aliens  from  acquiring  lands  in  fee  simple  is 
advantageous  or  disadvantageous  to  the  Kingdom. 

The  disabilities  under  which  the  law  places  foreigners  in  regard 
to  rights  of  inheritance  and  of  marriage,  have  been  the  subject  of 
frequent  complaints.  It  is  clearly  the  interest  of  the  Islands  to 
encourage  inter-marriages  between  the  natives  and  respectable 


28 

foreigners,  and  all  unnecessary  legal  impediments  ought  to  be  re- 
moved. 

Since  the  discovery  of  the  gold  washings  in  California,  an 
unusual  number  of  foreigners  from  all  countries  have  visited  the  ^ 
Islands,  many  of  whom  have  sought  to  remain.  Under  such  cir- 
cumstances, common  prudence  requires  greater  activity  and  vigi- 
lance in  the  Police.  It  will  be  for  you  to  consider  what  changes 
may  be  required  in  its  organization  in  our  harbor  laws,  and  in  the 
laws  relating  to  passports. 

I  recommend  to  your  careful  consideration  the  project  for  a 
Criminal  Code  which  will  be  submitted  to  you,  along  with  several 
legal  enactments  and  amendments  of  laws,  of  which  experience 
has  demonstrated  the  necessity. 

In  1847,  I  called  your  attention  to  the  state  of  the  national 
prisons,  the  formation  of  a  more  regular  and  efficient  military 
force,  and  the  establishment  of  municipal  institutions  in  Hono- 
lulu. I  again  recommend  these  important  subjects  to  your  con- 
sideration. 

It  is  my  wish  that  my  subjects  be  not  taxed  beyond  the  neces- 
sary wants  of  my  Government.  It  will  be  your  duty  to  revise 
and  reform  the  whole  system  of  taxation.  Any  surplus  revenue 
there  may  be,"  should  invariably  be  applied  to  the  founding  of 
schools,  hospitals,  or  to  those  public  works  which  are  most  wanted 
for  purposes  of  general  utility. 

No  nation  can  prosper  where  the  interests  of  religion  and  edu- 
cation are  disregarded.  What  progress  we  have  hitherto  made  is 
mainly  attributable  to  those  two  great  civilizing  influences.  You 
cannot,  therefore,  neglect  them  without  failing  in  your  duty  to 
your  God,  to  yourselves,  to  the  whole  Hawaiian  people  and  to  me. 

During  your  session,  I  shall  have  to  make  you  special  recom- 
mendations upon  other  points  of  importance  to  the  Kingdom,  as  I 
may  have  time  to  consider  them. 


29 


n  May  3. 


LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1850. 

Sat  38  Days. 


Ended  August  20. 


THE  KING. 


II,  JOHN. 
KANEHOA,  J.  Y. 
KAPAAKEA,  K. 
KAPENA,  JONAH. 
KEKAUONOHI,  M.  (w). 
KONIA,  L.  (w), 
PAKI,  A. 


KAEO,  J. 
KANOA,  P. 
KAPEAU,  G.  L. 
KEELIKOLANI,  RUTH   (w). 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 
PIIKOI,  JONAH. 


YOUNG,   JOHN. 


S.  P.  KALAMA,  Clerk. 


KEAU. 

LOKOMAIKAI. 

NAWAALAAU. 


Representatives. 


KIHA. 

MAIKAI,  J.  W  .E. 

UKEKE. 


NOTE:— The  Legislature  of  1850  first  met  April  10,  when  the  King's 
Speecji  was  delivered;  it  then  adjourned  until  April  22,  when  the  reports  of 
the  Ministers  were  read  and  an  adjournment  again  taken  until  May  3,  on 
which  date  the  official  record  begins,  the  journal  making  no  mention  of  the 
previous  meetings. 


30 

KING'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  1851. 


Nobles  and  Representatwes: 

I  have  called  you  together  to  deliberate  on  all  matters  for  the 
good  of  my  Kingdom  and  of  my  people. 

The  questions  with  France,  relating  to  which,  I  despatched  my 
Minister  of  Finance  as  Plenipotentiary  Extraordinary  to  that 
Government,  were  not  settled  in  Paris  as  I  had  expected.  But 
the  French  Government  named  a  Commissioner  of  their  own,  to 
inquire  into  and  settle  such  questions  here.  That  desirable  result 
has  not  been  fully  attained ;  after  months  of  conference  and  dis- 
cussion, the  declaration  of  the  25th  of  March  was  agreed  to ;  the 
Commissioner  of  France  has  applied  to  his  Government  for  fresh 
instructions ;  diplomatic  relations  have  not  been  fully  restored ; 
but  having,  on  my  part,  referred  certain  claims  for  indemnity  to 
the  President  of  the  French  Republic,  I  hope  that  he,  meeting 
me  in  a  corresponding  spirit,  will  issue  such  instructions,  as  to 
put  an  end  to  an  attitude  of  hostility  towards  my  Kingdom,  taken 
l3y  France,  which  I  have  ever  regretted,  and  have  never  sought  in 
any  way  to  retaliate.  I  am  not  conscious  of  any  act  of  my  Gov- 
ernment of  which  France  has  any  reason  to  complain. 

No  interruption  has  occurred  to  my  very  friendly  relations 
with  Great  Britain,  since  your  last  session. 

With  the  United  States,  also,  my  relations  continue  of  the  most 
friendly  kind.  The  treaty,  negotiated  in  Washington  on  the  20th 
December,  1849,  was  ratified  by  me  on  the  10th  of  August,  1850. 

The  treaty  of  the  8th  of  January,  1848,  with  the  Free  Hanseatic 
City  of  Hamburg,  which  w^as  transmitted  with  my  ratification, 
was  ratified  by  the  President,  Burgomaster,  on  the  27th  of  De- 
cember, 1849. 

With  all  other  states  my  relations  are  friendly. 

I  have  ordered  my  Ministers  to  lay  before  you  the  annual 
reports  of  the  Departments  over  which  I  have  placed  them. 

I  submit  to  your  consideration  the  question  of  the  reduction 
of  the  duty  on  spirituous  liquors  to  two  and  a  half  dollars,  as  a 
maximum,  per  gallon,  as  a  measure  of  political  economy,  which 
the  chamber  of  commerce  of  my  capital  have  strongly  recom- 
mended. 

It  is  equally  my  wish  that,  by  careful  investigation  and  con- 
sideration of  facts,  you  place  yourselves  in  a  position  to  decide 
if  the  equality  between  the  Catholics  and  Protestants,  under  the 
protection  of  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  does  not  still  require 
something  for  its  perfect  application. 

The  Resolution  passed  in  December,  1849,  granting  to  my  sub- 
jects engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  allodial  titles  to  the 


31 

portions  they  occupied,  confirmed  by  the  Act  of  the  6th  of  August 
last,  and  the  Act  of  the  10th  of  July,  1850,  allowing  to  aliens  to 
acquire  and  convey  lands  in  fee  simple,  have  greatly  promoted  the 
prosperity  and  industry  of  my  people,  and  of  the  many  industrious 
foreigners  who  live  among  them.  You  will  consider  what  fur- 
ther enactments  may  be  required,  to  give  full  effect  to  those  bene- 
ficial laws. 

The  markets  of  California,  Oregon,  Vancouver's  Island,  the 
possessions  of  the  Russian  American  Company  and  of  Kamt- 
schatka,  afford  a  profitable  outlet  for  more  than  my  Islands  can 
produce.  It  is  desirable  to  increase  our  productions  to  the 
greatest  possible  extent,  and  with  that  view  to  encourage  foreign 
capital  and  labor.  With  that  object  you  will  consider  what  fur- 
ther legislation  may  be  required. 

The  want  of  good  roads  and  bridges  to  those  ports  where 
produce  can  be  shipped,  is  severely  felt  in  many  places.  It  will 
be  for  you  to  consider  what  can  be  done  to  remedy  that  want, 
and  whether  the  Act  subdividing  districts  into  townships  may  not 
be  improved,  so  as  that  the  inhabitants  of  districts  and  townships 
may  carry  out  their  own  improvements. 

I  have  frequently  called  your  attention  to  the  unsatisfactory 
state  of  the  prisons  throughout  the  Islands.  An  immediate  and 
thorough  reform  is  urgently  wanted,  so  as  to  combine  the  princi- 
ple of  reforming  criminals  with  that  of  their  secure  detention. 

With  the  increase  of  shipping,  the  want  of  greater  wdiarfage 
and  facilities  of  pilotage  has  been  severely  felt.  It  will  be  for 
you  to  consider  what  improvements  ought  to  be  made  in  those 
respects. 

The  public  health  is  one  of  the  objects  most  worthy  of  your 
consideration.  Cholera,  that  scourge  of  humanity,  has  only  re- 
cently ceased  its  ravages  in  the  port  with  which  we  have  most 
frequent  and  the  speediest  communication.  The  history  of  that 
epidemic  proves,  that  it  recurs  at  intervals,  and  often  takes  years 
before  it  leaps  from  one  place  to  another.  It  would  be  wise  for 
us  to  adopt  those  sanitary  regulations  which  universal  experience 
has  recommended,  before  it  appear  among  us.  All  places  that 
have  neglected  them,  have  suffered  for  their  supineness. 

The  '-eport  of  the  Minister  of  Finance  will  show  you  that  the 
revenue  of  the  Kingdom,  though  small,  is  adequate  to  all  the 
wants  of  my  administration,  and  leaves  a  surplus  for  works  of 
public  improvement.  It  will  be  for  you,  in  view  of  the  esti- 
mates, to  vote  what  supplies  are  required  for  the  current  year, 
and  to  consider  what  suggestions  for  the  improvement  of  the 
revenue,  or  of  the  system  of  taxation  may  conduce  to  the  general 
Av  el  fare. 


32 


Began  April  30. 


LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  185L 

Sat  32  Days. 

THE   KING,  President. 

II,  JOHN. 


Ended  June  21. 


ARMSTRONG,  R.* 

JUDD,  G.  P.* 

KAHAKALELEPONI,   QUEEN 

KANEHOA,  J.  Y. 

KAPAAKEA,  K. 

KAPENA. 

KONIA,  L.  (w). 

PAKI,  A. 

WYLLIE,  R.  C* 


KAEO,  J. 
KANAINA,  C. 
KANOA,  P. 
KAPEAU,  G.  L. 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 
PIIKOI. 
YOUNG,  JOHN. 


Minister. 


BARENABA. 
GULICK,  P.  J. 
KAAPA,  L. 
KAHOOKUI. 
KALILI,  J. 
KAUOHAI,  M. 
KAPEHE,   S. 
LOKOMAIKAI,  D. 
RHODES,  G. 
ROOKE,  T.  C.  B. 
UA,  L.  S. 
WAHINEMAIKAI. 


LORRIN  ANDREWS,  Secretary. 

Representatives. 

W.  L.  LEE,  Speaker. 

FUNK,  FRANCIS. 
KAAHALAMA. 
KAAUWAI,  Z. 
KALAIHOA,  M.  S. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 
KEKAULAHAO,  J. 
LILIKALANI,  G.  W. 
PARSONS,  A.  W. 
RICHARDSON,  J. 
ROBERTSON,  G.  M. 
UKEKE. 

EDWARD  HUNT,  Clerk. 


33 

KING'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  1852. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

T  am  pleased  again  to  meet  you,  here  assembled,  to  advise  with 
me  respecting  the  welfare  of  the  people  whom  God  has  committed 
to  my  charge. 

My  relations  with  all  foreign  nations,  excepting  only  France, 
continue  to  be  of  the  most  friendly  character. 

I  have  not  yet  heard  from  the  President  of  the  French  Re- 
public, on  the  important  matters  which  I  referred  to  him.  My 
government  continues  to  protect  French  citizens  and  their  inter- 
ests as  they  do  those  of  the  most  favoured  nations. 

The  last  session  was  brief,  and  the  Legislature  had  much  to  do ; 
it  will  be  for  you  to  consider  whether  all  questions  submitted 
to  them  were  discussed  with  due  deliberation,  and  especially 
those  to  which  I  specially  called  their  attention. 

A  new  Treaty  with  Great  Britain  was  concluded  on  the  10th 
of  July  last,  the  ratification  of  which,  by  Her  Britannic  Majesty, 
is  soon  expected  to  arrive. 

I  have  empowered  my  Commissioner  at  the  Court  of  St.  James 
to  negotiate  a  similar  treaty  with  the  Representatives,  there,  of 
the  King  of  Belgium. 

An  Act,  offering  to  reciprocate  with  the  United  States  in  the 
admission,  duty  free,  of  certain  articles,  specially  named,  in  the 
ports  of  the  two  countries,  will  be  submitted  for  your  sanction. 
The  same  special  exemptions  will  extend  to  all  other  nations 
which  offer  the  same  special  considerations. 

A  Treaty  was  concluded  with  the  Republic  of  Bremen,  on  the 
7th  of  August,  1851.     Its  ratification  may  be  soon  expected. 

The  peace  of  my  Kingdom  has  been  threatened  with  an  inva- 
sion of  private  adventurers  from  California.  An  appeal  was 
made  to  the  United  States  Commissioner,  which,  being  promptly 
acted  upon  by  Captain  Gardner,  of  the  United  States  ship  Van- 
dalia,  tranquillized  the  public  mind.  I  have  taken  some  measures 
to  create  a  military  force,  in  the  training  of  which,  Captain 
Gardner  has  been  pleased  to  render  important  assistance.  Such 
a  force  has  been  considered  indispensable,  to  enable  me  to  protect, 
efficiently,  the  lives  and  property  of  all  who  live  under  my  do- 
minion. It  will  be  for  you  to  provide  the  means  of  maintaining 
such  a  force  permanently,  so  as  that  the  very  defencelessness  of 
my  Kingdom  may  not  invite  the  evil  disposed  to  invade  it. 

It  is  my  anxious  desire  so  to  govern  my  subjects  as  that  no  one 
can  expect  to  benefit  himself  by  any  political  change.  With  that 
view  I  voluntarily  and  freely  granted  the  Constitution  of  1840; 
and  I  am  ready  to  grant  another  now,  for  the  good  of  my  people. 
It  will  be  for  you  to  consider  whether  the  Constitution  framed  by 

3 


34 

a  Committee  appointed  last  year,  contains  the  principles  necessary 
for  the  attainment  of  that  end  and  the  preservation  of  Monarchy 
on  these  Islands. 

I  have  ordered  my  Ministers  to  lay  before  you  their  reports  of 
the  several  Departments  which  I  have  committed  to  their  care. 

I  rely  upon  you,  the  Representatives  of  my  people,  to  vote  the 
supplies  necessary  to  carry  on  my  Government,  and  to  relieve 
my  subjects,  so  far  as  possible,  from  all  taxes  that  press  hardly 
on  the  poor,  or  which  cramp  the  industry  of  the  country. 


35 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1852. 


Began  April  7. 


Sat  68  Days. 

THE  KING. 

J.  YOUNG,  President. 


Ended  July  9. 


AEMSTEONG,  R.* 

JUDD,  G.  P.* 

KAHAKALELEPONI,   QUEEN. 

KANAINA. 

KAPAAKEA,  K. 

KAPENA,  J. 

LTHOLIHO,  ALEXANDER. 

PAKI,  A. 

II,  JOHN. 


KAEO,  J. 

KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT. 
KANOA,  P. 
KAPEAU,  G.  L. 
KEKUANAOA,  M. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 
PIIKOI,  J. 
WYLLIE,  R.  C* 

A.  G.  THURSTON,  Seeretary. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


Sat 

77  Days. 

G.  M.  ROBERTSON 

,  Speaker. 

BARENAB.A.. 

FUNK,  FRANCIS. 

HONOKAUKU. 

KAAUWAI,  Z. 

KAHOOKUL 

KALAUHALA. 

KALILI,  J. 

KAMAIPELEKANE. 

KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 

KAPEHE, 

KAUMAEA,  Z.  P. 

KAUOHAL* 

KEKAULAHAO,  J. 

KENUL*! 

LAANUI,  S. 

MARSHALL,  J.  F.  B 

METCALF,  T. 

NAIAPAAKAI. 

PALI. 

RHODES,  G. 

RICHARDSON,  JOHN. 

SHELDON,  H.  L. 

UKEKE.*2 

WAKEMAN,  R.  E. 
EDWARD  HUNT 

*  Seated  May  26,  vice  Kenui. 
^1  Unseated  April  8. 
*2  Unseated  April  17,  restored  April  28. 


CONSTITUTION 

Granted  by  His  Majesty  Kamehameha  III,  King  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  by  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent 
OF  THE  Nobles  and  Representatives  of  the  People  in 
Legislative  Council  Assembled,  June  14th,  1852. 

DECLARATION  OF  RIGHTS. 

Art.  1.  God  hath  created  all  men  free  and  equal,  and  en- 
dowed them  with  certain  inalienable  rights ;  among  which  are 
life  and  liberty,  the  right  of  acquiring,  possessing  and  protecting 
property,  and  of  pursuing  and  obtaining  safety  and  happiness. 

Art.  2.  All  men  are  free  to  worship  God  according  to  the 
dictates  of  their  own  consciences ;  but  this  sacred  privilege  hereby 
secured,  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  justify  acts  of  licentious- 
ness or  practices  inconsistent  with  the  peace  or  safety  of  this 
Kingdom. 

Art.  3.  All  men  may  freely  speak,  write  and  publish  their 
sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  responsible  for  the  abuse  of  that 
right;  and  no  law  shall  be  passed  to  restrain  or  abridge  the  lib- 
erty of  speech,  or  of  the  press. 

Art.  4.  All  men  shall  have  the  right,  in  an  orderly  and  peace- 
able manner,  to  assemble,  without  arms,  to  consult  upon  the 
common  good ;  give  instructions  to  their  Representatives ;  and 
to  petition  the  King  or  the  Legislature  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

Art.  5.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  belongs 
to  all  men,  and  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  by  the  King, 
when,  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  shall 
require  its  suspension. 

Art.  6.  The  right  of  trial  by  jury,  in  all  cases  in  which  it 
has  been  heretofore  used  in  this  Kingdom,  shall  remain  inviolate 
forever. 

Art.  7.  No  person  shall  be  subject  to  punishment  for  any 
offense,  except  on  due  and  legal  conviction  thereof,  in  a  court 
having  jurisdiction  of  the  case. 

Art.  8.  No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  any  crime  or 
offense  (except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  or  for  offenses  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  a  police  or  district  justice,  or  in  summary 
proceedings  for  contempt),  unless  upon  indictment,  fully  and 
plainly  describing  such  crime  or  offense ;  and  in  the  trial  of  any 
person  on  the  charge  of  any  crime  or  offense,  he  shall  have  the 
right  to  meet  the  witnesses  who  are  produced  against  him,  face 
to  face,  to  produce  witnesses  and  proofs  in  his  own  favor ;  and  by 
himself,  or  his  counsel,  at  his  election,  to  examine  the  witnesses 
produced  by  himself,  and  cross-examine  those  produced  against 
him ;  and  to  be  fully  heard  in  his  defense. 


37 

Art.  9.  No  person  shall  be  required  to  answer  again  for  an 
offense,  for  which  he  has  been  duly  convicted,  or  of  which  he 
has  been  duly  acquitted  upon  a  good  and  sufficient  indictment. 

Art.  10.  No  person  shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal  case 
to  be  a  witness  against  himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty, 
or  property,  without  due  process  of  law. 

Art.  11.  No  person  shall  sit  as  judge  or  juror,  in  any  case 
in  which  his  relative  is  interested,  either  as  plaintiff,  or  defend- 
ant, or  in  the  issue  of  which  the  said  judge  or  juror  may  have, 
either  directly  or  through  a  relative,  any  pecuniary  interest. 

Art.  12.  Slavery  shall,  under  no  circumstances  whatever,  be 
tolerated  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands :  whenever  a  slave  shall  enter 
Hawaiian  territory  he  shall  be  free ;  no  person  who  imports  a 
slave,  or  slaves,  into  the  King's  dominions  shall  ever  enjoy  any 
civil  or  politcal  rights  in  this  realm ;  but  involuntary  servitude 
for  the  punishment  of  crime  is  allowable  according  to  law. 

Art.  13.  Every  person  has  the  right  to  be  secure  from  all  un- 
reasonable searches  and  seizures  of  his  person,  his  houses,  his 
papers,  and  eft'ects ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue,  but  on  probable 
cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  describing  the  place 
to  be  searched,  and  the  person  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Art.  14.  The  King  conducts  His  Government  for  the  com- 
mon good ;  for  the  protection,  safety,  prosperity  and  happiness 
of  His  people ;  and  not  for  the  profit,  honor,  or  private  interest 
of  any  one  man;  family  or  class  of  men  among  His  subjects. 
Therefore  in  making  laws  for  the  nation,  regard  shall  be  had  to 
the  protection,  interest  and  welfare  not  only  of  the  King,  the 
Chiefs,  and  rulers,  but  of  all  the  people  alike. 

Art.  15.  Each  member  of  society  has  a  right  to  be  protected 
by  it  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  life,  liberty  and  property,  according 
to  standing  laws.  He  is  obliged,  consequently,  to  contribute  his 
proportional  share  to  the  expense  of  this  protection;  to  give  his 
personal  services,  or  an  equivalent,  when  necessary;  but  no  part 
of  the  property  of  any  individual,  can,  with  justice,  be  taken  from 
him  or  applied  to  public  uses  without  his  own  consent,  or  that  of 
the  King,  the  Nobles,  and  the  Representatives  of  the  people. 
And  whenever  the  public  exigencies  require  that  the  property  of 
any  individual  should  be  appropriated  to  public  uses,  he  shall 
receive  a  reasonable  compensation  therefor. 

Art.  16.  No  subsidy,  impost,  duties  or  tax  of  any  descrip- 
tion, shall  be  established  or  levied,  nor  any  money  drawn  from 
the  public  treasury  under  any  pretext  whatsoever,  without  the 
consent  of  both  branches  of  the  Legislature ;  provided  that  the 
Legislature  shall  make  provision,  in  the  annual  bills  of  appro- 
priation, for  the  emergency  of  war,  invasion,  or  rebellion ;  and 
the  Minister  of  Finance  shall  render  a  detailed  account  to  the 
Legislature  of  any  expenditure  made  under  that  provision. 


38 

Art.  17.  All  retrospective  laws  are  unjust;  therefore,  no 
such  laws  shall  ever  be  passed. 

Art.  18.  The  Military  shall  always  be  subject  to  the  laws 
of  the  land,  and  no  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered 
in  any  house,  without  the  consent  of  the  owner;  nor  in  time  of 
war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature. 

Art.  19.     All  elections  by  the  people  shall  be  by  ballot. 

Art.  20.  Every  elector  shall  be  privileged  from  arrest  on 
election  days,  during  his  attendance  at  election,  and  in  going  to 
and  returning  therefrom,  except  in  cases  of  treason,  felony,  or 
breach  of  the  peace. 

Art.  21.  No  elector  shall  be  so  obliged  to  perform  military 
duty,  on  the  day  of  election,  as  to  prevent  his  voting,  except  in 
time  of  war  or  public  danger. 

FORM  OF  GOVERNMENT. 

Art.  22.  The  Government  of  the  Kingdom  is  that  of  a  Con- 
stitutional Monarchy,  under  His  Majesty  Kamehameha  III,  His 
Heirs,  and  successors. 

OF  POWERS. 

Art.  23.  The  Supreme  power  of  the  Kingdom,  in  its  exercise, 
is  divided  into  the  Executive,  Legislative  and  Judicial ;  these 
are  to  be  preserved  distinct ;  the  two  last  powers  cannot  be  united 
in  any  one  individual  or  body. 

OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  POWER. 

Section  1.     The  King.     His  Prerogatives. 

Art.  24.  The  King  shall  continue  to  be  the  supreme  Execu- 
tive Magistrate  of  this  Kingdom  under  the  title  of  His  Majesty. 

Art.  25.  The  crown  is  hereby  permanently  confirmed  to  His 
Majesty  Kamehameha  III  during  his  life,  and  to  his  successors. 
The  successor  shall  be  the  person  whom  the  King  and  the  House 
of  Nobles  shall  appoint  and  publicly  proclaim  as  such,  during 
the  King's  life;  but  should  there  be  no  such  appointment  and 
proclamation,  then  the  successor  shall  be  chosen  by  the  House  of 
Nobles  and  the  House  of  Representatives  in  joint  ballot. 

Art.  26.  No  person  shall  ever  sit  upon  the  throne  who  has 
been  convicted  of  any  infamous  crime,  or  who  is  insane  or  an 
idiot.  No  person  shall  ever  succeed  to  the  crown,  unless  he  be 
a  descendant  of  the  aboriginal  stock  of  Aliis. 

Art.  27.  The  King  is  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army 
and  Navy,  and  of  all  other  Military  forces  of  the  Kingdom  by 
sea  and  land;  and  has  full  power  by  himself,  or  by  any  officer 


39 

or  officers,  he  may  appoint,  to  train  and  govern  such  forces,  as 
he  may  judge  best  for  the  defense  and  safety  of  the  Kingdom. 
But  he  shall  never  proclaim  war  without  the  consent  of  His 
Privy  Council. 

Art.  28.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy 
Council,  has  the  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons,  after 
conviction,  for  all  offenses,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

Art.  29.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy 
Council,  convenes  both  Houses  of  the  Legislature  at  the  seat  of 
Government,  or  at  a  different  place,  if  that  should  become 
dangerous,  from  an  enemy,  or  any  dangerous  disorder ;  and  in 
case  of  disagreement  between  the  two  Houses,  or  between  His 
Mapesty  and  them,  He  adjourns,  prorogues,  or  dissolves  them, 
but  not  beyond  the  session  of  the  next  year ;  under  any  great 
emergency.  He  may  convene  both,  or  either  of  them  to  extraor- 
dinary sessions. 

Art.  30.  The  King  has  the  power,  by  and  with  the  advice 
of  His  Privy  Council,  to  make  treaties,  and  appoint  Ambas- 
sadors, other  public  Ministers  and  Consuls  who  shall  be  com- 
missioned, accredited  and  instructed  agreeably  to  the  usage  and 
laws  of  nations. 

Art.  31.  It  is  His  prerogative  to  receive  and  acknowledge 
ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers ;  to  inform  the  Legisla- 
ture by  Royal  Message,  from  time  to  time,  of  the  state  of  the 
Kingdom,  and  to  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  meas- 
ures as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient. 

Art.  32.  He  has  the  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His 
Cabinet,  and  the  approval  of  His  Privy  Council,  to  appoint  and 
remove  at  His  pleasure  any  of  the  several  heads  of  the  Executive 
Departments,  and  he  may  require  information  in  writing  from 
any  of  the  officers  in  the  Executive  Departments,  upon  any  sub- 
ject relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices. 

Art.  33.  It  is  his  duty  to  see  that  the  Treaties  and  Laws'  of 
the  land  are  faithfully  observed  and  executed. 

Art.  34.  The  King  has  the  power  from  time  to  time,  to 
assemble  His  Cabinet  or  Privy  Councillors  to  advise  with  him 
agreeably  with  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  land. 

Art.  35.  The  person  of  the  King  is  inviolable  and  sacred ; 
His  Ministers  are  responsible ;  to  the  King  belongs  the  Execu- 
tive power ;  all  laws  that  have  passed  both  Houses  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, for  their  validity,  shall  be  signed  by  His  Majesty  and  the 
Kuhina  Nui ;  all  his  other  official  acts  shall  be  approved  by  the 
Privy  Council,  countersigned  by  the  Kuhina  Nui.  and  by  the 
Minister  to  whose  Department  such  act  may  belong. 

Art.  36.  The  King  is  Sovereign  of  all  the  Chiefs  and  of  all 
of  the  People ;  the  Kingdom  is  His. 

Art.  37.  All  titles  of  honor,  orders,  and  other  distinctions 
emanate  from  the  King. 


4G 

Art.  38.  The  King  coins  money  and  regulates  the  currency 
by  law. 

Art.  39.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  approval  of  His  Cab- 
inet and  Privy  Council,  in  case  of  invasion  or  rebellion,  can 
place  the  whole  Kingdom,  or  any  part  of  it  under  martial  law ; 
and  he  can  ever  alienate  it,  if  indispensable  to  free  it  from  the 
insult  and  oppression  of  any  foreign  power. 

Art.  40.  The  King's  Standard  and  the  National  Ensign  are 
maintained  as  now  established. 

Art.  41.  The  King's  private  lands  and  other  property  are 
inviolable. 

Art.  42.  The  King  cannot  be  sued  or  held  to  account  in  any 
court  or  tribunal  of  the  Realm. 

Section  II.     Of  the  Kuhina  Nui. 

Art.  43.  The  King  appoints  some  chief  of  rank  and  ability 
to  be  his  Kuhina  Nui,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Kuhina  Nui  of 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  whose  title  shall  be  Highness. 

Art.  44.  The  Kuhina  Nui  shall  be  the  King's  special  Coun- 
sellor in  the  great  affairs  of  the  Kingdom.  All  business  con- 
nected with  the  special  interests  of  the  Kingdom,  which  the 
King  wishes  to  transact,  shall  be  done  by  the  Kuhina  Nui  under 
the  authority  of  the  King.  All  Acts,  Royal  Patents,  Commis- 
sions, and  other  official  documents,  duly  executed  by  the  Kuhina 
Nui  in  the  name  and  by  the  consent  of  the  King,  agreeably  with 
article  3S,  unless  specially  excepted  by  law,  shall  be  equally  bind- 
ing as  if  executed  by  the  King  himself. 

Art.  45.  All  important  business  of  the  Kingdom  which  the 
King  chooses  to  transact  in  person,  he  may  do,  but  not  without 
the  approbation  of  the  Kuhina  Nui.  The  King  and  Kuhina 
Nui  shall  have  a  negative  on  each  other's  public  acts. 

Art.  46.  The  Kuhina  Nui  shall  have  charge  of  the  Great 
Seal  of  the  Kingdom,  of  the  Royal  Standard,  and  of  the  National 
Flag;  and  in  the  absence  of  the  King,  he  shall  preside  over  the 
deliberations  of  the  Privy  Council. 

Art.  47.  Whenever  the  throne  shall  become  vacant  by  rea- 
son of  the  King's  death,  or  otherwise,  and  during  the  minority 
of  any  heir  to  the  throne,  the  Kuhina  Nui,  for  the  time  being, 
shall,  during  such  vacancy  or  minority,  perform  all  the  duties 
incumbent  on  the  King,  and  shall  have  and  exercise  all  the 
powers,  which  by  this  Constitution  are  vested  in  the  King. 

Art.  48.  Whenever  during  the  vacancy  of  the  throne,  or 
the  minority  of  any  heir  to  it,  the  office  of  Kuhina  Nui  shall 
become  vacant  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise,  then  the 
Privy  Council,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  shall,  during  such 
vacancy,  have  full  power  and  authority  to  do,  and  execute  all 
and  every  such  acts,  matters,  and  things,  as  the  King  or  Kuhina 


41 

Nui  might  or  could,  by  virtue  of  this  Constitution,  do  or  execute. 
And  in  such  case,  the  Privy  Council,  immediately  after  the  oc- 
curring of  such  vacancy,  shall  cause  a  meeting  of  both  Houses 
of  the  Legislature,  who  shall  elect  by  joint  ballot  a  person  to  fill 
the  office  of  Kuhina  Nui. 

Section  III.     Of  the  Privy  Council. 

Art.  49.  There  shall  continue  to  be  a  Council  of  State  for 
advising  the  King  in  the  Executive  part  of  the  Government,  and 
in  directing  the  affairs  of  the  Kingdom,  according  to  the  Con- 
stitution and  laws  of  the  land,  to  be  called  the  King's  Privy 
CotDicil  of  State. 

Art.  50.  The  members  of  the  Privy  Council  are  appointed 
by  the  King,  and  hold  their  offices  during  His  Majesty's  pleasure. 
The  King's  Ministers  and  the  Governors  of  the  Islands  are,  ex- 
officio,  members  of  His  Privy  Council.  The  Privy  Council  reg- 
ulates its  own  proceedings  by  By-laws  enacted  by  themselves 
and  approved  by  the  King. 

Section  IV.     Of  the  King's  Ministers. 

Art.  51.  The  Ministers  of  the  King  are  appointed  and  com- 
missioned by  Him,  and  hold  their  offices  during  His  Majesty's 
pleasure,   subject  to   impeachment. 

Art.  52.  The  King's  Ministers  constitute  his  Cabinet  Coun- 
cil, and.  as  such,  are  his  special  advisers  in  the  Executive  affairs 
of  the  Kingdom. 

Art.  53.  Each  of  them  shall  keep  an  office  at  the  seat  of 
Government,  be  accountaW'^  for  the  conduct  of  his  deputies  and 
clerks;  and  grant  information,  so  far  as  may  consist  with  the 
King's  honor  and  the  good  of  the  public  service,  to  either  House 
of  the  Legislature,  or  attend  upon  either  in  person,  or  by  dep- 
uty, as  such  House  shall  determine. 

Art.  54.  Each  of  them  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  the 
Legislature,  made  up  to  the  first  of  January  next  preceding,  of 
the  transactions  and  business  of  his  Department,  within  one 
week  after  the  opening  of  the  Legislature. 

Art.  55.  The  King's  Ministers  hold  seats  in  the  House  of 
Nobles ;  and  they  have  the  right  to  be  heard  in  the  House  of 
Representatives,  when  accused  of  mal-administration  in  office. 

Section  V.     Of  the  Governors. 

Art.  56.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy 
Council,  appoints  and  commissions  the  Governors  of  his  several 
Islands;  the  Governors  hold  office  for  the  term  of  four  years, 
subject  to  impeachment. 


42 

Art.  57.  The  King  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  may 
appoint  in  one  or  more  islands,  a  Lieutenant  Governor,  during 
His  pleasure,  to  assist  the  Governor  but  always  subordinate  to 
him  in  authority. 

Art.  58.  The  Governors,  in  case  of  sickness,  or  unavoidable 
absence,  in  all  cases  where  no  Lieutenant  Governor  has  been 
appointed,  have  power  to  appoint  substitutes,  for  all  whose  offi- 
cial acts  they  are  responsible. 

Art.  59.  The  Governors,  subject  to  the  King,  shall  have  the 
executive  control  of  their  respective  Islands,  agreeably  with  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  land ;  and  they  shall  have  the  com- 
mand of  the  military  forces  of  their  respective  Islands,  and  shall 
make  an  annual  report  of  the  administration  of  their  respective 
Islands  to  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

OF  THE  LEGISLATIVE  POWER. 

Art.  60.  The  Legislative  Power  of  this  Kingdom  is  vested 
in  the  King,  the  House  of  Nobles,  and  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives; each  of  whom  has  a  negative  on  the  other. 

Art.  61.  The  Legislative  Body  shall  assemble  annually,  for 
the  purpose  of  seeking  the  v/elfare  of  the  nation,  in  the  first 
week  in  April,  and  at  such  other  time,  and  in  the  place  that  the 
King  may  judge  necessary.  This  Body  shall  be  styled  the  Leg- 
islature of  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Art.  62.  Full  power  and  authority  are  hereby  given  to  said 
Legislature,  from  time  to  time,  to  make  all  manner  of  whole- 
some laws,  either  with  penalties  or  without,  as  they  shall  judge 
to  be  for  the  welfare  of  the  nation,  and  for  the  necessary  sup- 
port and  defense  of  good  government ;  provided  the  same  be  not 
repugnant  or  contrary  to  this  Constitution. 

Art.  63.  No  bill  or  resolution,  although  it  may  have  passed 
the  Legislature,  shall  become  a  law,  or  have  force  as  such,  until 
it  shall  have  been  presented  to  the  King,  through  the  Kuhina 
Nui,  for  his  revisal,  and  if  he  approve  thereof,  he  shall  signify 
his  approbation  by  signing  the  same.  But  if  he  have  any  objec- 
tion to  the  passing  of  such  bill  or  resolve,  he  shall  return  it  with 
his  objections  in  writing  to  that  House  in  which  it  shall  have 
originated,  who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their 
journal,  and  no  such  bill  shall  be  brought  forward  thereafter 
during  the  same  session. 

Art.  64.  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  qualifications 
of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from 
day  to  day,  and  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in 
such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  House  may  pro- 
vide. 


43 

Art.  65.  Each  House  shall  choose  its  own  officers,  and  deter- 
mine the  rules  of  its  own  proceedings. 

Art.  66.  Each  House  shall  have  authority  to  punish  by  im- 
prisonment, not  exceeding  thirty  days,  every  person,  not  a  mem- 
ber, who  shall  be  guilty  of  disrespect  to  the  House,  by  any  dis- 
orderly or  contemptuous  behavior  in  its  presence ;  or  who  dur- 
ing the  time  of  its  sitting,  shall  threaten  harm  to  the  body  or 
estate  of  any  of  its  members,  for  any  thing  said  or  done  in  the 
House,  or  who  shall  assault  any  of  them  therefor,  or  who  shall 
assault  or  arrest  any  witness  or  other  person  ordered  to  attend 
the  House,  in  his  way  going  or  returning;  or  who  shall  rescue 
any  person  arrested  by  order  of  the  House. 

Art.  67.  Each  House  may  punish  its  own  members  for  dis- 
orderly  behavior. 

Art.  68.  Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings, 
and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House,  on  any 
question,  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one  fifth  of  those  present,  be 
entered  on  the  journal. 

Art.  69.  The  members  of  either  House  shall  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from 
arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective 
Houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same ;  and  they 
shall  not  be  held  to  answer  for  any  speech,  or  debate  made  in 
the  House,  in  any  other  court  or  place  whatsoever. 

Art.  70.  The  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall 
receive,  for  their  services  a  compensation  to  be  ascertained  by 
law  and  paid  out  of  the  public  treasury,  but  no  increase  of  com- 
pensation shall  take  efifect  during  the  year  in  which  it  shall  have 
been  made ;  and  no  law  shall  be  passed,  increasing  the  compen- 
sation of  said  members  beyond  the  sum  of  three  dollars  per  day. 

Art.  71.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Nobles  sit  without 
pay;  but  they  may  receive  hereafter  such  a  compensation  as  the 
law  may  enact. 

OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  NOBLES. 

Art.  72.  The  King  appoints  the  members  of  the  House  of 
Nobles,  who  hold  their  seats  during  life,  subject  to  the  provision 
of  article  67;  but  their  number  shall  not  exceed  thirty. 

Art.  7Z.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  a  seat  in  the  House 
of  Nobles,  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years  and  resided  in  the  Kingdom  five  years. 

Art.  74.  The  House  of  Nobles  shall  be  a  Court  with  full 
and  sole  authority  to  hear  and  determine  all  impeachments 
made  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  against  any  officer  or 
officers  of  the  Kingdom,  for  misconduct  and  maladministration 
in  their  offices ;  but  previous  to  the  trial  of  every  impeachment, 
the  members  shall  respectively  be  sworn,  truly  and  impartially 


44 

to  try  and  determine  the  charge  in  question,  according  to  evi- 
dence and  the  law.  Their  judgment^  however,  shall  not  extend 
further  than  to  removal  from  office  and  disqualification  to  hold 
or  enjoy  any  place  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  this  govern- 
ment ;  but  the  party  so  convicted  shall  be,  nevertheless,  liable 
to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  according  to  the 
laws  of  the  land. 

OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Art.  7i.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed 
of  not  less  than  twenty-four  nor  more  than  forty  members,  who 
shall  be  elected  annually. 

Art.  76.  The  Representation  of  the  people  shall  be  based 
on  the  principle  of  equality,  and  shall  be  forever  regulated  and 
apportioned  according  to  the  population,  to  be  ascertained  by 
the  official  census.  In  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
fifty-three,  and  every  sixth  year  thereafter,  the  number  of  Rep- 
resentatives shall  be  fixed  by  the  Legislature  agreeably  with 
this  and  the  preceding  article. 

Art.  77 .  No  person  shall  be  eligible  for  a  Representative  of 
the  people,  who  is  insane,  or  an  idiot,  or  who  shall  at  any  time 
have  been  convicted  of  any  infamous  crime,  nor  unless  he  be  a 
male  subject  or  denizen  of  the  Kingdom,  who  shall  have  arrived 
at  the  full  age  of  twenty-five  years,  who  shall  know  how  to  read 
and  write,  who  shall  understand  accounts,  and  who  shall  have 
resided  in  the  Kingdom  for  at  least  one  year  immediately  pre- 
ceding his  election. 

Art.  78.  Every  male  subject  of  His  Majesty,  whether  native 
or  naturalized,  and  every  denizen  of  the  Kingdom,  who  shall 
have  paid  his  taxes,  who  shall  have  attained  the  full  age  of 
twenty  years,  and  who  shall  have  resided  in  the  Kingdom  for  one 
year  immediately  preceding  the  time  of  election,  shall  be  entitled 
to  one  vote  for  the  representative  or  representatives,  of  the  dis- 
trict in  which  he  may  have  resided  three  months  next  preceding 
the  day  of  election ;  provided  that  no  insane  person,  nor  any 
person  who  shall  at  any  time  have  been  convicted  of  any  infa- 
mous crime,  within  this  Kingdom,  unless  he  shall  have  been 
pardoned  by  the  King,  and  by  the  terms  of  such  pardon  been 
restored  to  all  the  rights  of  a  subject,  shall  be  allowed  to  vote. 

Art.  79.  All  bills  or  resolves  for  raising  the  revenue,  or 
calling  for  any  expenditure  of  the  public  money,  shall  originate 
in  the  House  of  Representatives;  but  the  House  of  Nobles  may 
propose  or  concur  with  amendments  as  on  other  bills. 

Art.  80.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  the  grand 
inquest  of  the  Kingdom ;  and  all  impeachments  made  by  them 
shall  be  heard  and  tried  by  the  House  of  Nobles. 


45 
OF  THE  JUDICIARY. 

Art.  81.  The  Judicial  Power  of  the  Kingdom  shall  be  vested 
in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Legis- 
lature may  from  time  to  time  establish. 

Art.  82.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  of  a  Chief  Justice 
and  two  associate  Justices,  any  of  whom  may  hold  the  court. 
The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  their  offices  during 
good  behavior,  subject  to  removal  upon  impeachment;  and  shall, 
at  stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which 
shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office.  Pro- 
vided, however,  that  any  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  of  any 
other  Court  of  Record,  may  be  removed  from  office  for  mental 
or  physical  inability  by  a  concurrent  resolution  of  two-thirds  of 
both  branches  of  the  Legislature.  The  judge  against  whom  the 
Legislature  may  be  about  to  proceed,  shall  receive  notice  thereof, 
accompanied  by  a  copy  of  the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal, 
at  least  twenty  days  before  the  day  on  which  either  branch  of 
the  Legislature  shall  act  thereon. 

Art.  83.  The  Kingdom  shall  be  divided,  by  law,  into  a  con- 
venient number  of  circuits,  not  less  than  four,  nor  exceeding 
eight,  subject  to  alteration  by  the. Legislature,  from  time  to  time, 
as  the  public  good  may  require ;  for  each  of  which  one  or  more 
Circuit  Judges,  not  exceeding  three,  however,  shall  be  appointed 
to  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  subject  to  removal 
upon   impeachment. 

Art.  84.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  Law 
and  Equity,  arising  under  the  Constitution,  any  law  of  this 
Kingdom,  and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made  under  their 
authority ;  to  all  cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public  min- 
isters and  Consuls,  and  to  all  cases  of  Admiralty  and  maritime 
jurisdiction. 

Art.  85.  The  Judicial  power  shall  be  divided  among  the 
Supreme  Court  and  the  several  inferior  courts  of  the  Kingdom, 
in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may  from  time  to  tme  indicate. 

Art.  86.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Kingdom ;  he  shall  be  ex-officio  President 
of  the  House  of  Nobles  in  all  cases  of  impeachment,  unless  when 
impeached  himself;  and  exercise  such  jurisdiction  in  equity  or 
other  cases  as  the  law  may  confer  upon  him,  his  decisions  being 
subject,  however,  to  the  revision  of  the  Supreme  Court,  on  ap- 
peal. 

Art.  87.  The  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  when  made 
by  a  majority  of  the  Justices  thereof,  shall- be  final  and  conclu- 
sive upon  all  parties. 

Art.  88.  The  King,  His  Ministers,  the  Governors,  and  each 
branch   of   the   Legislature   shall   have   authority   to   require   the 


46 

opinions  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  upon  important 
questions  of  law,  and  upon  solemn  occasions. 

Art.  89.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy 
Council,  appoints  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  all 
other  Judges  of  Courts  of  Record ;  their  salaries  are  fixed  by  law. 

Art.  90.  The  Governors,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Jus- 
tices of  the  Supreme  Court,  shall  appoint  the  District  Justices  of 
their  respective  islands. 

Art.  91.  In  order  that  the  people  may  not  suffer  from  long 
continuance  in  place  of  any  District  Justice,  who  shall  fail  of 
discharging  the  important  duties  of  his  office  with  ability  and 
fidelity,  all  commissions  of  District  Justices  shall  expire  and  be- 
come void  in  the  term  of  two  years  from  their  respective  dates; 
and  upon  the  expiration  of  any  commission  the  same  shall  be 
renewed,  or  another  person  appointed,  as  shall  most  conduce  to 
the  well-being  of  the  Kingdom.  Provided  always,  that  District 
Justices  shall  be  subject  to  removal  at  any  time  by  the  Circuit 
Court  of  their  respective  islands,  for  causes  particularly  assigned 
by  the  Judges  of  said  Court  in  rendering  their  judgment.  But 
no  District  Justice  shall  be  removed  until  he  shall  have  notice 
of  the  charges  made  against  him  and  an  opportunity  of  being 
heard  in  his  defense. 

Art.  92.  No  Judge  or  Magistrate  can  sit  alone  on  an  appeal 
or  new  trial,  in  any  case  on  which  he  may  have  given  a  previous 
judgment. 

Art.  93.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chief  Justice  to  make 
an  annual  report,  through  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  to  the 
Legislature,  of  the  state  of  the  Judiciary  of  the  Kingdom  in  all 
its  branches. 

OF  OATHS. 

Art.  94.  The  King,  after  approving  this  Constitution,  shall 
take  the  following  oath : 

I  solemnly  swear,  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God,  to  main- 
tain the  Constitution  of  the  Kingdom  whole  and  inviolate,  and 
to  govern  in  conformity  with  that  and  the  laws. 

Art.  95.  The  Kuhina  Nui  shall  take  the  same  oath ;  and 
when  exercising  the  Executive  Power,  during  a  minority,  he 
shall  take  the  following  oath : 

I  solemnly  swear,  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God,  to  pre- 
serve the  rights  of  the  Heir  to  the  Crown,  and  the  Constitution 
whole  and  inviolate,  and  to  govern  in  conformity  with  that  and 
the  law. 

Art.  96.  Every  member  of  the  House  of  Nobles  shall  take 
the   following  oath : 

I  most  solemnly  swear  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God,  that 
I  will  loyally  support  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  Hawaiian 


47 

Islands,  and  conscientiously  and  impartially  discharge  my  duty 
as  a  member  of  this  House. 

Art.  97.  Every  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
shall  take  the  following  oath : 

I  most  solemnly  swear  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God,  that 
I  will  faithfully  support  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  Ha- 
\vaiian  Islands  and  conscientiously  and  impartially  discharge  my 
duties,  as  a  Representative  of  the  people. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Art.  98.  No  person  shall  ever  hold  a  seat  in  the  Legislature, 
or  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  Government  of 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  who  shall  in  due  course  of  law,  have  been 
convicted  of  theft,  bribery,  perjury,  forgery,  embezzlement,  or 
other  high  crime  or  misdemeanor. 

Art.  99.  No  officer  of  this  Government  shall  hold  any  office, 
or  receive  any  pension  or  salary,  from  any  other  government  or 
power  whatever. 

Art.  100.  The  Legislature  votes  the  appropriations  for  the 
year,  after  due  consideration  of  the  revenue  and  expenditure  of 
the  year  preceding,  and  of  the  estimates  of  the  revenue  and 
expenditure  for  the  current  year,  which  shall  be  submitted  to 
them  by  the  Minister  of  Finance;  all  which  accounts  shall  be 
appended  to  the  Bill  of  Appropriations  and  published  annually. 

Art.  101.  The  enacting  style  in  making  and  passing  all  Acts 
and  Laws,  shall  be :- — "Be  it  enacted  by  the  King,  the  Nobles  and 
the  Representatives  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  in  Legislative 
Council  assembled." 

Art.  102.  To  avoid  improper  influences  which  may  result 
from  intermixing  in  one  and  the  same  Act  such  things  as  have 
no  proper  relation  to  each  other,  every  law  shall  embrace  but 
one  object,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  the  title. 

Art.  103.  All  laws  now  in  force  in  this  Kingdom,  shall  con- 
tinue and  remain  in  full  effect,  until  altered  or  repealed  by  the 
Legislature ;  such  parts  only  excepted  as  are  repugnant  to  this 
Constitution.  All  laws  now  enacted,  or  that  may  hereafter  be 
enacted,  contrary  to  this  Constitution,  shall  be  null  and  void. 

Art.  104.  This  Constitution  shall  be  in  force  from  the  first 
Monday  of  December  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  fifty-two ;  but  that  there  may  be  no  failure  of  justice,  or 
danger  to  the  Kingdom,  from  any  change,  all  officers  of  this 
Kingdom,  at  the  time  this  Constitution  shall  take  effect,  shall 
have,  hold,  and  exercise  all  the  powers  to  them  granted,  until 
other  persons  shall  be  appointed  in  their  stead ;  and  all  courts  of 
law  shall  proceed  in  the  execution  of  the  business  of  their  re- 
spective departments;  and  all  executive  and  legislative  officers, 
bodies  and  powers,  shall  continue  in  full  force,  in  the  enjoyment 


48 

and  exercise  of  their  trusts,  employments  and  authority,  until 
new  appointments  or  elections  shall  take  place  under  this  Con- 
stitution. 

MODE  OF  AMENDING  THE   CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  105.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Consti- 
tution may  be  proposed  in  either  branch  of  the  Legislature,  and 
if  the  same  shall  be  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  of 
each  House,  such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be 
entered  on  their  journals,  with  tlie  ayes  and  nays  taken  thereon, 
and  referred  to  the  next  Legislature ;  which  proposed  amend- 
ment or  amendments  shall  be  published  for  three  months  pre- 
vious to  the  election  of  the  next  House  of  Representatives ;  and 
if,  in  the  next  Legislature,  such  proposed  amendment  or  amend- 
ments, shall  be  agreed  to  by  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of 
each  house,  and  be  approved  by  the  King,  such  amendment  or 
amendments  shall  become  part  of  the  Constitution  of  this  King- 
dom. 

KAMEHAMEHA. 

Keoni  Ana. 


Article  2  of  an  Act  approved  April  18,  1856,  amended  Article 
29  of  the  Constitution  of  1852  by  striking  out  the  words  "Session 
of  next  year"  and  inserting  the  words  "term  of  two  years" ;  and 
Article  6  of  the  same  Act  amended  Article  61  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, so  that  it  shall  read  as  follows : 

"The  Legislative  Body  shall  assemble  biennially  for  the  pur- 
pose of  seeking  the  welfare  of  the  nation,  at  such  time  and  in  the 
place  that  the  King  may  judge  necessary.  This  Body  shall  be 
styled  the  Legislature  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands." 


49 


KING'S   SPEECH   AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  1853. 


Nobles  and  Representatives  of  My  People: 

I  have  convoked  you  to  deliberate  upon  the  interests  of  the 
nation,  under  the  Constitution  of  June  14th,  1852.  I  granted 
that  Constitution,  under  the  anxious  desire,  as  I  told  the  Legis- 
lature of  last  year,  so  to  govern  my  subjects  as  that  no  one  can 
expect  to  benefit  himself  by  any  politcal  change. 

Upon  your  loyalty  and  patriotism  I  rely  for  the  support  of  my 
rights,  and  for  the  preservation  of  the  liberties  which  are  guar- 
anteed to  my  people.  For  their  welfare  I  freely  gave  up,  in  the 
division  of  lands,  much  of  my  territorial  rights,  to  the  injury  of 
my  private  revenues.  I  confide  in  the  Representatives  of  my 
people,  who  are  thereby  benefitted,  to  furnish,  at  all  times,  what 
means  may  be  wanting  for  the  due  support  of  my  Crown,  in  just 
proportion  to  the  revenues  of  my  Kingdom. 

I  have  named  my  adopted  son  and  heir,  Liholiho,  as  my  suc- 
cessor to  the  Throne ;  and  it  is  my  wish  that  you,  my  Nobles, 
concur  in  that  appointment,  and  in  the  public  proclamation  which 
the  Constitution  requires. 

My  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  report  to  you  on  the  internal 
affairs  of  my  Kingdom,  which  are  prosperous,  although  the  want 
of  money  has  delayed  many  of  the  public  works  which  ought  to 
be  completed.  He  will  also  lay  before  you  the  report  of  the 
Chief  Justice  in  relation  to  the  Judiciary  of  the  Kingdom. 

My  relations  with  all  foreign  nations  continue  to  be  of  the 
most  friendly  character. 

A  Treaty  with  His  Majesty,  the  King  of  Sweden  and  Norway, 
was  concluded  on  the  first  of  July  last,  and  has  been  sent  to 
Stockholm  for  ratification. 

His  Imperial  Majesty,  Napoleon  III,  Emperor  of  France,  has 
replied  on  the  important  matters  referred  to  him,  as  I  stated  to 
the  Legislature  of  1851,  and  diplomatic  relations  are  now  fully 
restored  with  that  great  and  enlightened  Empire.  His  Imperial 
Majesty  is  represented  at  my  Court  by  Monsieur  Perrin,  in 
quality  of  His  Majesty's  Consul,  Commissioner  and  Plenipoten- 
tiary. The  Plenipotentiary  has  promised  soon  to  present  the 
reply  of  His  Imperial  Majesty,  and  the  draft  of  a  new  Treaty 
with  France.  I  hope  it  will  be  such  a  treaty  as  I  have  many 
times  asked  for,  alike  honorable  and  beneficial  to  France  and 
my  Kingdom. 

My  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations  will  report  to  you  what 
efforts  I  have  made  to  obtain  that  result,  the  progress  of  the 
negotiations  with  France,  and  the  state  of  my  relations  with 
foreign  nations,  generally,  up  to  the  beginning  of  this  year. 

4 


50 

My  Minister  of  Finance  will  report  to  you  upon  the  state  of 
his  Department  from  the  31st  of  March  to  the  31st  December, 
1852.  It  appears  that  there  has  been  a  falling  off  in  the  reve- 
nues, which  will  make  it  incumbent  on  you.  Representatives  of 
the  people,  after  making  provisions  for  carrying  on  the  Govern- 
ment, to  devise  ways  and  means  to  meet  this  deficiency,  and  also 
to  provide  a  surplus  for  public  improvements. 

My  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  will  report  to  you  upon  the 
subject  of  education,  morals,  health  and  population,  throughout 
my  Kingdom.  That  portion  of  the  revenue  which  is  applied  to 
the  diffusion  of  useful  knowledge  among  my  subjects,  I  regard 
as  well  applied,  and  at  the  same  time  promotive  of  that  virtue, 
intelligence  and  stability  of  character  which  is  the  best  security 
of  a  Constitutional  Government. 

The  chief  end  of  civil  government  is  to  protect  the  lives,  the 
property  and  the  rights  of  the  governed.  For  this  purpose  a 
certain  military  force  has  been  found  indispensable  by  the  ex- 
perience of  all  countries,  in  all  ages.  I  therefore  commend  this 
subject  to  your  careful  consideration. 

I  conclude.  Nobles  and  Representatives,  recommending  to  you 
the  rights  and  interests  of  my  Crown,  the  interests  of  religion, 
of  education,  the  promotion  of  agriculture  and  the  encouragement 
of  commerce. 

May  God  bless  your  deliberations  for  the  promotion  of  His 
glory  and  the  peace  and  welfare  of  my  Kingdom. 


51 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAHAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 

Session  of  1853. 

Ended  June  25. 


n  April  6. 


Sat  62  Days. 


JOHN  YOUNG,  President. 

ARMSTRONG,  E.*  JUDD,  G.  P.* 

II,  JOHN.  KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT. 

KAEO.  KAPAAKEA. 

KANIANA.  KAPENA. 

KAPEAU.  KEKAULAHAO. 

KEKUANAOA,  M.  LIHOLIHO. 

KENOA.  NAMAKEHA. 

NAHAOLELUA.  PIIKOI. 

PAKI.  WYLLIE,  R.  C* 
HAALELEA. 

C.  G.  HOPKINS,  Secretary. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 

Sat  68  Days. 

G.  M.  ROBERTSON,  Speal'er. 


AKA. 

BOND,  E.  P. 
KIHA. 

KAILIHAONA,  W.  H. 
KALUNA,  W. 
KAONA. 
KEANIHO. 
KIPI,  S. 
LILIKALANI. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J. 
RICHARDSON,   J. 
BISHOP,  C.  R. 


FUNK,  FRANCIS. 
KOIKU,   E. 
KALAMA,  S.  P. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 
KAUWAHI,  J.  W.  H. 
KEAWEIWI,   T. 
LAANUI,  S. 
MAIKAI,  J.  W.  E. 
PII,  W.  E. 
THURSTON,  A.  G. 
UA,  L.  S. 

0.  H.  GULICK,  Clerk. 


52 

KING'S   SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  1854. 


Nobles  and  Representatives  of  My  People: 

You  have  assembled,  this  day,  agreeably  to  the  Constitution,  to- 
assist  me  with  your  councils  in  the  great  interests  of  my  kingdom. 

I  am  truly  grateful  for  the  mercy  of  the  Almighty  in  the 
cessation  of  that  frightful  pestilence  which,  during  part  of  the 
past  year  and  of  this,  has  carried  to  the  grave  so  many  thousands 
of  my  people,  notwithstanding  all  the  efforts  made  by  the  Gov- 
ernment and  the  Commissioners  of  Health,  aided  by  the  zealous 
and  gratuitous  labors  of  the  resident  Physicians,  Surgeons  and 
other  philanthropic   individuals. 

The  provision  made  for  this  emergency,  by  the  Legislature  of 
1853,  having  been  found  altogether  inadequate,  it  became  indis- 
pensable to  raise  additional  funds,  on  the  individual  credit  and 
responsibility  of  the  members  of  my  Privy  Council.  The  object 
of  that  expenditure  having  been  the  preservation  of  the  lives  of 
the  people,  I  recommend  to  their  Representatives  the  earliest  pos- 
sible enactment  to  relieve  those  private  individuals  from  a  lia- 
bility incurred  for  the  public  good,  and  devolve  it  upon  the 
revenues  of  my  Exchec|uer. 

I  also  recommend,  as  of  urgency,  the  Acts  to  render  vaccina- 
tion compulsory  throughout  my  Islands,  and  to  establish  a  per- 
manent Board  of  Health  that  will  be  submitted  to  your  consider- 
ation. 

I  have  ordered  the  Kuhina  Nui  to  report  to  you  upon  the  pro- 
priety of  separating  that  high  office  from  that  of  the  Minister  of 
the  Interior. 

One  of  the  chief  objects  of  all  Governments,  is  the  prompt, 
impartial  and  cheap  administration  of  justice.  I  have  ordered 
my  Chancellor  and  Chief  Justice  to  report  to  you  upon  all  the 
reforms  suggested  by  his  experience;  and,  I  recommend  particu- 
larly to  your  attention,  his  suggestions  in  regard  to  existing  laws 
and  to  the  improvement  of  our  prisons,  and  their  discipline. 

From  the  Governments  of  all  nations  with  which  I  have  rela- 
tions, I  have  received  the  most  friendly  assurances. 

I  have  ordered  my  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations  to  explain  to 
you  why  France  has  not  yet  consented  to  the  abrogation  of  the 
existing  Treaty,  and  why  the  decision  of  the  Emperor,  upon 
those  points  which  I  referred  to  His  Majesty,  has  not  yet  been 
made  known.  These  delays  have  not  disturbed  the  perfect  friend- 
liness of  the  Deplomatic  Relations  re-established  by  the  present 
Representative  of  France,  immediately  after  liis  return  to  my 
Court,  nor  weakened  my  desire  for  the  establishment  and  main- 
tenance of  relations  with  France  in  all  their  further  extension,, 
mutually  cordial,  beneficial  and  honorable. 


53 

I  made  certain  suggestions  to  the  Legislature  of  1851,  with  a 
view  of  bringing  things  to  that  desirable  end ;  I  now  renew  them 
in  the  hope  that,  in  your  wisdom,  you  will  devise  some  plan  upon 
the  principle  of  fair  equivalents,  and  consistent  with  strict  na- 
tional faith,  that  will  induce  France  to  relinquish  the  old  Treaty 
and  form  a  new  Treaty,  such  as  I  have  repeatedly  asked  for, 
since  May,  1846. 

I  ratified  on  the  27th  of  last  month,  the  Treaty  with  Bremen, 
concluded  on  the  7th  of  August,  1851. 

I  have  ordered  my  Minister  of  the  Interior  to  report  upon  the 
affairs  of  the  Department  committed  to  his  care.  He  will  lay 
before  you  the  report  of  the  Commissioners  of  Health,  and  a  plan 
for  the  improvement  of  the  harbour  of  Honolulu,  both  of  which 
I  recommend  to  your  careful  consideration  as  well  as  what  he 
says  of  the  suspension  of  public  improvements,  from  the  want  of 
the  necessary  funds. 

I  am  glad  to  inform  you  that  the  state  of  the  public  revenue  is 
much  better  than  the  prospects  of  the  country  promised  when  the 
appropriations  of  1853  were  made,  and  fully  equal  to  the  dis- 
charge of  all  present  liabilities.  This  will  appear  from  the  budget 
which  I  have  ordered  my  Minister  of  Finance  to  submit  to  you. 
I  strongly  recommend  to  you  either  to  vote  the  appropriations 
for  the  year,  immediately,  or  to  enact  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for 
the  Minister  of  Finance  to  make,  from  the  first  of  this  month, 
all  payments  necessary  to  carry  on  efficiently  and  without  inter- 
ruption, my  Government,  upon  the  scale  of  appropriations  made 
in  1853.  And  I  further  particularly  recommend  what  my  Min- 
ister of  Finance  will  suggest  to  you  with  reference  to  a  loan  for 
the  improvement  of  the  harbor — to  free  ports  for  navigation — to 
the  enactment  of  a  national  Tariff,  not  violating  my  faith,  under 
any  foreign  Treaty — the  establishment  of  a  national  Mint  to  reg^ 
ulate  our  mixed  and  unequal  currency,  and  the  establishment  of 
a  Savings  Bank  for  the  encouragement  of  industry,  frugality  and 
accumulation  among  my  subjects,  who  are  poor  and  improvident. 

I  have  ordered  my  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  to  submit  to 
you,  at  length,  the  important  subject  of  the  education  of  my 
people,  as  the  surest  means  of  elevating  them  in  the  scale  of 
morals,  and  of  usefulness  to  themselves  and  the  State.  There  is 
a  growing  desire  among  my  native  subjects,  that  their  children 
should  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  English  language,  and  consid- 
ering the  universality  of  that  language  in  all  the  transactions  of 
business,  such  a  desire  is  very  natural.  My  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction  will  explain  to  you  his  ideas  upon  this  subject,  with 
the  details  of  our  schools  generally,  and  of  the  expenditure  for 
their  support,  as  well  as  what  further  expense  would  be  required 
for  the  increase  of  schools  for  teaching  the  English  language. 
He  will  also  report  to  you  upon  the  Census,  which  he  has  taken 
with  much  labor,  and  at  a  trifling  expense  to  my  Treasury. 


54 

I  have  ordered  my  Secretary  at  War  to  submit  to  you  the 
urgent  necessity  of  amply  providing  for  the  organization  of  a  per- 
manent military  force.  Upon  this  important  subject,  I  remind 
you  of  my  earnest  recommendations  to  the  Legislature  of  1847, 
'50,  '52  and  1853.  My  Lieutenant  General,  Prince  Liholiho,  has 
made  some  progress  in  that  organization,  but  he  has  to  contend 
with  difficulties  insuperable  from  the  inadec^uacy  of  the  appro- 
priation made  in  1853.  To  you  it  will  belong  to  remedy  that 
pressing  want. 

From  the  several  recommendations  of  my  Kuhina  Nui,  Chief 
Justice,  Ministers  and  Secretary  of  War,  in  which  they  join  col- 
lectively, you  will  gather  what  the  policy  of  my  Administration 
is.  In  every  nation  the  true  elements  of  political  strength  are 
numbers,  wealth  and  industry.  It  is  my  wish  that  these  elements 
should  be  developed,  and  that  the  Representatives  of  my  people 
should  secure  their  allegiance  to  me,  and  their  contentment  under 
that  allegiance,  by  a  careful  and  constant  regard  to  every  thing 
that  can  promote  their  physical  and  moral  prosperity ;  and  that 
my  Administration,  acting  in  accordance  with  the  14th  Article 
of  the  Constitution  should  hold  to  be  their  highest  rule,  the 
public  good,  which  everywhere  is  best  promoted  by  equal  justice 
to  all  parties — the  protection  of  life  and  property  and  personal 
liberty — the  suppression  of  civil  disorders  and  the  removal  of  the 
causes  which  create  and  foment  them — filling  all  offices  impar- 
tially, with  the  best  men,  for  each — keeping  the  number  of  em- 
ployees and  their  salaries  on  the  lowest  scale  compatible  with  the 
due  performance  of  their  duties — a  universal  system  of  account- 
ability, and  the  strict  exclusion  of  all  partiality,  favor  or  selfish 
interest  in  the  sale  of  public  lands  or  other  Government  property 
— performance  of  works  of  public  improvement — purchase  of 
supplies  for  Government  use,  and  in  everything  else  in  which 
value  is  best  determined  by  a  fair  and  open  competition. 

May  the  Almighty  enlighten  your  minds  and  direct  your  hearts 
for  the  good  of  my  people,  in  the  Session  which  I  now  declare 
open. 


55 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 


Began  April  8. 


Session  of  1854. 
Sat  79  Days. 


Ended  August  12. 


ALLEN,  E.  H.* 

AEMSTRONG,  E.* 

HAALELEA. 

KAEO. 

KANAINA. 

KAPAAKEA. 

KAPENA. 

KEKUANAOA,  M 

NAHAOLELUA. 

PAKI. 


JOHN  YOUNG,  President. 

II,  JOHN. 


KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT. 

KANOA. 

KAPEAU. 

KEKAULAHAO. 

LIHOLIHO. 

NAMAKEHA. 

PIIKOI. 

WYLLIE,  R.  C* 

EDWARD    HUKT,    Secretary. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


Sat  108  Days. 


A.  G.   THURSTON, 
BOND,  E.  P. 
FULLER,   J. 
HARRIS,  C.  C. 
KAAPA. 
KAAUWAI,  Z. 
KAMAIPELEKANE,  E.  P. 
KAUMAEA,  Z.  P. 
LOKOMAIKAI,  D. 
MARSH,  J.  W. 
NAHAKUELUA,  T. 
PAPAULA,  S.  W. 
RICHARDSON,  J. 
UMA,   T. 


Spealcer. 

BOWLIN,  R.  H. 
HAIA,  S.  W. 
lOSEPA. 

KAAUWAI,  D.   K. 
KALAMA,   S.  P. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 
KIPI,  S. 

MAIKAI,  J.  W.  E. 
MOKU,  A. 
NAONE,  P. 
PII,  W.  E. 
ROBERTSON,  G.   M. 
WANA. 


O.  H.  GULICK,  Clerk. 


56 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  APRIL  7,  1855. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

It  has  pleased  the  Ahnighty  to  gather  to  his  forefathers  my 
beloved  Predecessor.  This  bereavement  has  been  to  me  the 
source  of  the  deepest  sorrow ;  but  my  grief  has  been  assuaged  by 
the  sympathy  of  this  whole  nation,  in  whom  I  see  innumerable  and 
ever-gathering  proofs  of  the  love  and  gratitude  they  bore  their 
departed  Chief. 

You  meet  this  day  in  conformity  with  the  Constitution  he  gave 
you.  Had  his  suggestions,  on  the  many  occasions  he  addressed 
you  from  the  place  I  now  occupy,  been  matured  by  your  delib- 
erations, and  carried  into  effect,  there  would,  perhaps,  be  little 
for  me  to  recommend,  or  for  you  to  perform.  The  measures  he 
initiated  reflect  lustre  upon  his  name,  and  if  by  any  endeavor  of 
mine  those  measures  shall  be  perfected,  I  shall  consider  it  indeed 
an  honor. 

In  the  exercise  of  my  prerogative,  I  have  availed  myself  of  an 
Act  passed  during  your  last  session,  and  since  approved  by  me,  by 
virtue  of  which  I  have  separated  the  offices  of  Kuhina  Nui  and 
Minister  of  the  Interior.  To  the  former  post  I  have  called  her 
Royal  Highness,  Princess  Victoria  Kamamalu.  The  Ministry  of 
the  Interior  remains  in  the  same  hands  as  heretofore,  as  do  the 
other  portfolios  of  my  Government;  for,  young  and  newly  come 
to  this  responsible  position,  I  have  gladly  availed  myself  of  the 
wisdom  and  experience  of  the  counsellors  of  our  deceased  King. 

I  have  instructed  the  high  officers  of  my  government  to  lay 
before  you  reports  of  their  several  departments. 

From  a  history  of  the  Judiciary  Department  during  the  last 
year,  and  for  certain  changes  proposed  in  our  laws,  I  would  refer 
you  to  the  report  of  my  Chancellor.  His  recommendations,  espe- 
cially those  suggesting  remedies  for  the  great  evils  which  are  so 
speedily  destroying  our  race,  meet  my  most  hearty  approval,  and 
are  worthy  of  your  serious  consideration. 

I  trust  you  will  be  able  to  devise  such  wise  and  salutary  meas- 
ures as  shall  efifectually  check  licentiousness  and  intemperance. 

The  doors  of  Justice  are  open  to  all,  and  so  far  as  I  am  in- 
formed, its  administration  in  the  higher  courts  has  been  prompt, 
efficient  and  satisfactory.  Of  the  inferior  magistrates,  there  has 
been  some  complaint,  no  doubt  in  many  instances  with  reason ; 
but  the  character  of  district  justices  has  greatly  improved  within 
the  past  few  years,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  it  will  continue  to  im- 
prove. Weak  as  we  are,  and  imperfect  as  our  Government  may 
be,  it  will  not  be  doubted,  I  think,  that  there  is  no  country  in 
which  there  is  more  entire  security  for  life,  liberty,  person  and 
property. 


57 

His  Royal  Highness,  Prince  Kamehameha,  on  whom  has  de- 
volved the  chief  military  command,  will  exhibit  to  you  in  his 
report,  which  is  embodied  in  that  of  the  Secretary  at  War,  the 
plans  he  has  in  contemplation  to  render  efficient  the  important 
service  intrusted  to  his  care.  I  have  to  request  that  you  will  give 
this  subject  the  grave  attention  it  deserves.  His  late  Majesty 
urged  the  matter  upon  you  frequently,  but  the  appropriations 
have  hitherto  been  insufficient  for  any  permanent  or  efficient  or- 
ganization of  that  important  department.  I  indulge  a  strong  hope 
that  you  will  remedy  this  deficiency,  and  place  the  Department  of 
War  upon  a  firm  and  better  footing. 

Deeply  imbued  with  a  sense  of  the  responsibility  that  rests 
upon  my  Government,  not  only  to  foster,  but  to  lead  the  way  in  all 
that  tends  to  the  general  good,  I  would  invite  your  earnest  atten- 
tion to  the  recommendations  that  will  be  laid  before  you  by  my 
Minister  of  the  Interior,  and  particularly  to  that  portion  of  his 
report  relating  to  the  proposed  improvements  in  the  harbor  of 
Honolulu.  The  facilities  that  would  be  afl^orded  in  the  loading 
and  unloading  of  vessels,  native  as  well  as  foreign ;  the  extra  in- 
ducements that  these  new  accommodations  would  hold  out  to 
those  parties  who  contemplate  making  this  port  a  place  where 
ocean  steamers  may  seek  refreshments,  and  take  in  coal  and 
water;  the  general  impetus  that  would  be  given  to  trade  by  pro- 
viding, at  the  water's  edge,  a  site  for  the  erection  of  warehouses ; 
and  the  hundred  other  conveniences  proper  to  a  maritime  city ; — 
all  these  considerations  prove  to  my  mind  the  propriety  of  pro- 
ceeding energetically  with  a  work  so  national  in  its  character  that 
no  part  of  the  Islands  can  fail  to  share  in  many  of  its  advan- 
tages. To  your  wdsdom  it  belongs  to  consider  in  what  way  the 
funds  necessary  to  efifect  this  great  improvement  may  be  best 
procured. 

It  is  gratifying  to  me,  on  commencing  my  reign,  to  be  able  to 
inform  you,  that  my  relations  with  all  the  great  Powers,  between 
whom  and  myself  exist  treaties  of  amity,  are  of  the  most  satis- 
factory nature.  I  have  received  from  all  of  them,  assurances 
that  leave  no  room  to  doubt  that  my  rights  and  sovereignty  will 
be  respected.  My  policy,  as  regards  all  foreign  nations,  being 
that  of  peace,  impartiality  and  neutrality,  in  the  spirit  of  the 
Proclamation  by  the  late  King,  of  the  16th  May  last,  and  of  the 
Resolutions  of  the  Privy  Council  of  the  15th  June  and  17th  July, 
I  have  given  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  at  his  request, 
my  solemn  adhesion  to  the  rule,  and  to  the  principles  establishing 
the  rights  of  neutrals  during  war,  contained  in  the  Convention 
between  his  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  all  the  Russias,  and  the 
United  States,  concluded  in  Washington  on  the  22nd  July  last. 

I  have  exchanged  my  ratification  for  that,  by  my  great  and 
good  friend.  His  Majesty  Oscar,  King  of  Sweden  and  Norway, 
of  the  treaty  concluded  at  my  Court  on  the  1st  day  of  July,  1852. 


58 

I  have  ordered  my  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations  to  inform 
you  of  all  treaties  with  foreign  nations  negotiated  under  the  late 
reign,  of  the  progressive  steps  by  which  the  sovereignty  and  in- 
dependence of  this  Kingdom  have  become  so  generally  acknowl- 
edged, and  of  the  transactions  generally  of  the  Department  under 
his  charge. 

I  have  committed  an  important  mission  to  the  Honorable  Wil- 
liam L.  Lee,  Chancellor  of  the  Kingdom  and  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  have  accredited  him  as  my  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  from  which  mission  I  an- 
ticipate important  results  for  the  benefit  of  you  all,  which  will  be 
made  known  to  you  hereafter.  In  the  meanwhile,  I  recommend 
you  to  vote  such  a  sum  as,  in  your  wisdom,  you  may  deem  ade- 
quate for  the  expenses  of  that  mission. 

My  Minister  of  Finance  will  submit,  for  your  considerations, 
certain  important  measures  relating  to  the  National  finances ;  and 
you  cannot  fail  to  be  impressed  Avith  the  necessity  of  devising 
some  means  of  enlarging  them.  Without  more  extended  means 
we  must  remain  in  the  position  of  having  the  will,  without  the 
power,  to  stimulate  agriculture  and  commerce,  and  to  provide 
generally  for  the  physical,  mental  and  moral  improvement  of  the 
nation.  As  a  preparatory  step  towards  increasing  the  sources 
of  revenue,  we  must  increase  the  revenue  to  be  drawn  from  such 
sources  as  already  exist.  But,  restricted  as  we  are,  by  treaty, 
from  exercising  a  right  common  to  all  free  communities,  we  are 
unable  to  impose  discriminating  duties  on  foreign  imports,  which, 
whilst  supplying  the  Treasury  with  additional  means,  would  en- 
hance the  price  of  articles  of  luxury  only.  To  regain  the  right 
of  which  we  have,  for  the  present,  divested  ourselves,  it  may  be 
necessary  that  you  reconsider  the  act  by  which  the  duty  on  spir- 
ituous liquors  is  now  regulated.  The  Minister  of  Finance  laid 
this  subject  before  you  last  year  in  a  clear  and  able  manner,  and 
his  views  have  been  confirmed  by  the  experience  of  another  year. 
Whether  it  would  be  wise  to  assist  the  revenue  by  a  tax  on  prop- 
erty, is  for  you  to  determine. 

To  foster  education  and  widen  every  channel  that  leads  to 
knowledge,  is  one  of  our  most  imperative  duties.  It  will  be  for 
you  to  determine  what  obstacles,  if  any,  exist,  to  the  general  en- 
lightenment of  my  people.  On  this  subject  there  will  be  sub- 
mitted for  your  consideration,  certain  proposed  chai\ges  in  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction.  It  is  of  the  highest  import- 
ance, in  my  opinion,  that  education  in  the  English  language  should 
become  more  general,  for  it  is  my  firm  conviction  that  unless  my 
subjects  become  educated  in  this  tongue,  their  hope  of  intellectual 
progress,  and  of  meeting  the  foreigners  on  terms  of  equality,  is  a 
vain  one. 

It  is  a  melancholy  fact  that  agriculture,  as  now  practiced,  is 
not  a  business  of  so  prosperous  and  lucrative  a  nature  as  to  in- 


59 

duce  men  of  means  to  engage  in  it;  and  capital  is  absolutely  nec- 
essary to  the  successful  production  of  our  great  staples,  sugar, 
coffee  and  tobacco.  I  beg  you,  therefore,  to  consider  whether 
there  exist  any  restrictions,  the  removal  of  which  would  give 
new  life  to  this  important  source  of  national  prosperity,  and 
tend  to  create  a  juster  balance  between  our  imports  and  exports. 
I  need  hardly  mention  the  obligation  that  weighs  upon  you,  to 
open  wide  our  ports  to  commerce.  Without  commerce  our  agri- 
cultural produce  might  moulder  in  our  warehouses ;  roads,  and 
inter-island  communication  almost  cease  to  exist ;  the  making  of 
wdiarves  become  a  work  of  supererogation,  and  the  opening  and 
closing  of  stores  an  idle  ceremony.  As  the  legislators  of  a  young 
commercial  nation,  we  should  be  liberal  in  our  measures,  and 
far-sighted  in  our  views. 

A  subject  of  deeper  importance,  in  my  opinion,  than  any  I 
have  hitherto  mentioned,  is  that  of  the  decrease  of  our  popula- 
tion. It  is  a  subject,  in  comparison  with  which  all  others  sink 
into  insignificance;  for,  our  first  and  great  duty  is  that  of  self- 
preservation.  Our  acts  are  in  vain  unless  we  can  stay  the  wast- 
ing hand  that  is  destroying  our  people.  I  feel  a  heavy,  and 
special  responsibility  resting  upon  me  in  this  matter;  but  it  is 
one  in  which  you  all  must  share ;  nor  shall  we  be  acquitted  by 
man,  or  our  Maker,  of  a  neglect  of  duty,  if  we  fail  to  act  speedily 
and  effectually  in  the  cause  of  those  who  are  every  day  dying 
before  our  eyes. 

I  think  this  decrease  in  our  numbers  may  be  stayed ;  and  happy 
should  I  be  if.  during  the  first  year  of  my  reign,  such  laws  should 
be  passed  as  to  effect  this  result.  I  would  commend  to  your 
special  consideration  the  subject  of  establishing  public  Hospitals ; 
and  it  might,  at  first,  perhaps,  be  wise  to  confine  these  hospitals  to 
diseases  of  one  class ;  and  that  the  most  fatal  with  which  our  pop- 
ulation is  afflicted. 

Intimately  connected  with  this  subject  is  that  of  preventing 
the  introduction  of  fatal  diseases  and  epidemics  from  abroad. 
Visited  as  we  are  by  vessels  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  this  is 
no  easy  matter ;  but  I  trust  your  wisdom  will  devise  some  simple 
and  practical  remedy. 

It  affords  me  unfeigned  pleasure  to  be  able  to  state  that,  ac- 
cording to  the  returns  from  most  of  the  districts,  the  births  during 
the  past  year  have  exceeded  the  deaths. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Chinese  coolie  immigrants,  to  whom 
has  been  given  a  trial  of  sufficient  length  for  testing  their  fitness 
to  supply  our  want  of  labor  and  population,  have  not  realized  the 
hopes  of  those  who  incurred  the  expense  of  their  introduction. 
They  are  not  so  kind  and  tractable  as  it  was  anticipated  they 
would  be ;  and  they  seem  to  have  no  affinities,  attractions  or  ten- 
dencies to  blend  with  this,  or  any  other  race.  In  view  of  this 
failure  it  becomes  a  question  of  some  moment  whether  a  class  of 


60 

persons  more  nearly  assimilated  with  the  Hawaiian  race,  could 
not  be  induced  to  settle  on  our  shores.  It  does  not  seem  improb- 
able that  a  portion  of  the  inhabitants  of  other  Polynesian  groups 
might  be  disposed  to  come  here,  were  suitable  efforts  made  to 
lead  them  to  such  a  step.  In  a  few  days  they  would  speak  our 
language  with  ease;  they  would  be  acclimated  almost  before  they 
left  the  ships  that  conveyed  them  hither;  and  they  might  bring 
with  them  their  wives,  whose  fecundity  is  said  to  be  much  greater 
than  that  of  Hawaiian  females.  Such  immigrants,  besides  sup- 
plying the  present  demand  for  labor,  would  pave  the  way  for  a 
future  population  of  native-born  Hawaiians,  between  whom,  and 
those  of  aboriginal  parents,  no  distinguishable  difference  would 
exist. 

May  the  issue  of  your  deliberations  be  crowned  with  those  suc- 
cessful results  which  the  will  of  the  Almighty  only  can  bestow. 


61 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 


Began  April  7. 


Session  of  1855. 

Sat  57  Days. 
LOT  KAMEHAMEHA,  President. 


Ended  June  16. 


ALLEN,  E.  H.* 

ARMSTEONG,  E.* 

HAALELEA. 

KANAINA. 

KAPAAKEA. 

KEELIKOLANI,  EUTH   (w). 

KEKUANAOA,  M. 

NAMAKEHA. 

PIIKOL 


KAEO. 
KANOA. 
KAPEAU. 
KEKAULAHAO. 
NAHAOLELUA. 
PAKI. 

WYLLIE,  E.  C* 
YOUNG,  JOHN. 

C.  G.  HOPKINS,  Secretary. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


Sat  61  Days. 

G.  M.  EOBEETSON, 
AUSTIN,  J.  W. 
FULLEE,  J. 
KAAUWAI,  D.  K. 
KAHALE,   W.   P. 
KALAMA,   S.   P. 
KALUNA,  W. 
KAUMAEA,  Z.  P. 
KEAWEHUNAHALA,  J.   W. 
KIPI,  S. 

KUPAKEE,  J.  W. 
PAULO. 
EOBINSON,  E. 
WHITNEY,  H.  M. 


Speal-er. 
DAVIS,  E.  G. 
II,  JOHN. 
KAAUWAI,  Z. 
KALAAUKANE,  G. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 
KEANIHO. 
KEOLALOA,  W.  S. 
KOIKU,  R. 
MAIKAI,  J.  W.  E. 
EICHAEDSON,  J. 
EOOKE,  T.  C.  B. 
THURSTON,  A.  G. 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A. 


O.  H.  GULICK,  Clerl: 


62 

HIS   MAJESTY'S   SPEECH   AND   PROCLAMATION    ON 
THE  OCCASION  OF  DISSOLVING  THE  LEGIS- 
LATURE, JUNE  16,  1855. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

The  Legislative  Session  of  1855  is  now  about  to  close. 

For  some  of  your  acts  I  thank  you  in  common  with  the  mean- 
est of  my  subjects,  for  they  embrace  the  interests  of  all. 

Newly  admitted  elements  of  action  have  operated  upon  you, 
and  given  to  certain  of  your  measures  a  vitality  that  authorizes 
me  to  hope  much  for  the  future. 

For  the  relief  you  have  given  to  the  estate  of  my  Predecessor, 
for  the  feeling  of  respect  and  love  evinced  by  you  in  assuming 
with  alacrity,  the  expenses  of  his  obsequies ;  and  for  the  loyalty 
you  have  shown  towards  me,  and  my  family.  I  thank  you. 

Mixed  with  many  circumstances  that  will  always  make  the 
session  of  1855  pleasant  to  reflect  upon,  there  is  one  that  must 
overshadow  it  forever  in  the  minds  of  us  all.  The  death  of  His 
Excellency,  A.  Paki,  has  stamped  this  year,  and,  indeed,  removed 
a  pillar  of  the  State.  From  your  own  feelings  on  the  loss  of  that 
High  Chief  and  staunch  Hawaiian,  you  may  judge  of  mine.  May 
the  Almighty  have  us  in  his  keeping,  and  bless,  and  perpetuate 
the  Hawaiian  Nation. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  regret  that  you  have  not  been 
able  to  agree  upon  the  details  of  the  Appropriation  Bill. 

Therefore,  in  the  exercise  of  my  constitutional  prerogative  in 
such  a  case.  I  feel  it  my  duty  to  dissolve  you,  and  you  are  hereby 
dissolved. 

PROCLAMATION. 


To  All  Our  Loyal  Subjects,  Greeting: 

We  hereby  Proclaim  that  We  have  this  day  dissolved  the  Leg- 
islature of  Our  Kingdom,  by  virtue  of  the  power  vested  in  Us  by 
the  Constitution.  The  exigency  contemplated  by  that  sacred  in- 
strument has  arisen,  by  the  disagreement  of  the  two  Houses  on 
the  Bill  of  Supplies,  which  are  necessary  to  carry  on  Our  Gov- 
ernment ;  and  furthermore,  the  House  of  Representatives  framed 
an  Appropriation  Bill  exceeding  Our  Revenues,  as  estimated  by 
our  Minister  of  Finance,  to  the  extent  of  about  $200,000,  which 
Bill  We  could  not  sanction. 

There  seemed  no  prospect  of  agreement,  inasmuch  as  the  House 
of  Nobles  had  made  repeated  elTorts  at  conciliation  with  the 
House  of  Representatives,  without  success,  and  finally,  the  House 
of  Representatives  refused  to  confer  with  the  House  of  Nobles 
respecting  the  said  Appropriation  Bill  in  its  last  stages,  and  We 
deemed  it  Our  duty  to  exercise  Our  constitutional  prerogative  of 


63 

dissolving  the  Legislature,  and  therefore  there  are  no  Represen- 
tatives of  the  people  in  the  Kingdom. 

Therefore,  \\'e  further  proclaim  Our  Will  and  Pleasure,  that 
Our  Loyal  subjects,  in  all  Our  Islands,  proceed  immediately  to 
elect  new  Representatives,  according  to  law,  on  the  10th  day  of 
July  next.  And  We  convoke  the  Representatives  who  may  be 
so  elected,  to  meet  in  Parliament  in  Our  City  of  Honolulu,  on 
Monday,  the  30th  day  of  July,  of  this  year,  for  the  special  and 
only  purpose  of  voting  the  Supplies  necessary  to  the  administra- 
tion of  Our  Government,  without  oppressing  Our  faithful  Sub- 
jects with  unreasonable  taxes. 

Done  in  Our  Palace  of  Honolulu,  this  sixteenth  day  of  June, 
1855,  and  the  first  year  of  Our  reign. 

KAMEHAMEHA. 

\"lCTORIA    K.    KaMAMALU. 


HIS  MATESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
EXTRAORDINARY  SESSION  OF  THE  LEGIS- 
LATURE, JULY  30,  1855. 

A'oblcs  and  Rcprcscntaives: 

By  virtue  of  the  power  which  the  Constitution  declares  to  be 
vested  in  me,  I  have  convoked  you  to  this  Extraordinary  Ses- 
sion of  the  Legislature.  Neither  the  late  dissolution,  nor,  of 
course,  this  Session,  would  have  occurred  under  any  but  extraor- 
dinary circumstances.  The  only  public  business  of  emergency 
left  unfinished  at  the  close  of  the  late  Session,  was  the  passage 
of  the  Appropriation  Bill — the  most  important  measure  of  every 
Session.  It  is  solely  to  pass  the  Bill  I  mention  that  you  are  now 
brought  together.  I  trust  that  whilst  your  memories  are  so 
freshly  charged  with  the  circumstances  that  prevented  unanimity 
between  your  two  Houses  in  regard  to  the  Bill  of  Supplies,  upon 
which  you  were  deliberating  when  lately  I  dissolved  you,  there 
will  be  a  desire  on  the  part  of  all  to  restrict  the  amount  appro- 
priated for  the  current  year  within  the  probable  limits  of  the 
year's  receipts.  It  is  useless  to  make  appropriations  for  appear- 
ance sake,  knowing  that  they  will  not,  because  they  cannot,  be 
acted  on.  My  desire  therefore  is,  that  you  will  reject  at  once,  in 
your  deliberations,  every  item  that  is  not  of  immediate  necessity, 
since  the  means  at  your  disposal  will  barely  suffice  for  those 
outlays  that  are  indispensable.  By  acting  on  this  suggestion  you 
will  save  time  and  render  less  likely  the  recurrence  of  differences 
on  questions  not  of  public  interest. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  hope  the  Session  now  opened 
will  be  a  very  short  one,  and  that  you  will  all  cordially  unite  in 
appropriating  our  small  means  to  the  best  advantage  for  the  gen- 
eral good. 


64 


LEGISLATURE   OF   THE   HAWAIIAN   ISLANDS. 


Nobles. 
Special  Session  of  1855. 


July  30. 


Sat  6  Days. 
LOT    KAMEHAMEHA,    President. 


Ended  August  L 


ALLEN,  E.  H.* 

ARMSTRONG,  R.* 

HAALELEA. 

KANAINA. 

KAPAAKEA. 

KEELIKOLANI,  RUTH   (w). 

KEKUANAOA,  M. 

NAMAKEHA. 

PIIKOI. 


KAEO. 
KANOA. 
KAPEAU. 
KEKAULAHAO. 
XAHAOLELUA. 
PAKL 

WYLLIE,  R.  C* 
YOUNG,  JOHN. 

C.  G.  HOPKINS,  Secretary. 


Minister. 


Representavives. 


Sat  13  Days. 

G.    M.   ROBERTSON, 
AUSTIN,  J.  W. 
AUSTIN,   S.  L. 
BLAIR,  J.  B. 

BAvis,  R.  a 

HELELUHE,  J.  H. 

II,  JOHN 

KAHOOKANO,  J.  B. 

KAMAIPELEKANE. 

KEAWEHUNAHALA,   J.  W. 

KUPAKEE,  J.  W. 

MAUI,  L. 

NAONE,  P. 

ROBINSON,  R. 


Spealer. 

CUMMINGS,  PRESTON. 
BWIGHT,  S.  G. 
HOLLISTER,  R.  S. 
KAAUWAI,  B.  K. 
KALAMA,  S.  P. 
KEAWEHANO,  B. 
KUIHELANI,  H. 
LILIKALANI,  G.  W. 
MOFFITT,  R. 
RICHARBSON,  J. 
SHELBON,  H.  L. 
WEBSTER,   WM. 

O.  H.  GULICK,  Clerk. 


NOTE: — G.   Rhodes  refused  credentials   by   Election   Inspectors. 


65 


MESSAGES  FROM  HIS  MAJESTY  TO  THE  HOUSE  OF 

NOBLES  AND  HOUSE  OF   REPRESENTATIVES, 

PROROGUING  THE  EXTRAORDINARY 

SESSION,  AUGUST  13,  1855. 


Nobles: 

The  Extraordinary  Session  to  which  I  convoked  you  having 
terminated  with  the  completion  of  the  special  business  which  I 
recommended  to  my  Parliament,  I  now  thank  you  for  concurring 
with  the  Honorable  Representatives  of  My  People,  in  voting  the 
supplies  indispensable  to  the  administration  of  My  Government. 

I  now  free  you  from  further  attendance,  and  prorogue  you 
till  the  Session  of  next  year. 

KAMEHAMEHA. 


Honorable  Representatives  of  My  People: 

Having  concluded  the  special  business  for  which  I  convoked 
you  to  an  Extraordinary  Session,  it  only  remains  for  me  to 
thank  you  for  the  regard  you  have  shown  to  the  safety  and  wel- 
fare of  my  Kingdom  in  voting  the  supplies  necessary  to  carry  on 
the  business  of  My  Government,  and  to  free  you  from  further  at- 
tendance in  Parliament. 

I  therefore  prorogue  you. 

KAMEHAMEHA. 


66 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  ON  THE  OCCASION  OF  THE 

OPENING  OF  THE  SESSION  OF  THE 

HAWAIIAN  LEGISLATURE  OF  1856. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  have  convoked  you  to  meet  this  day  under  the  provision  of 
our  Constitution  now  in  force,  which  provides  for  an  Annual 
Session  of  the  Legislative  Body;  and  with  humble  thankfulness 
to  the  Ruler  of  Nations,  I  felicitate  you  upon  the  prosperity 
which  has  attended  us,  as  a  people,  during  the  past  year. 

I  am  happy  to  inform  you  that  since  your  last  meeting  I  have 
received  from  the  Heads  of  nearly  all  the  first-class  Powers  of 
the  present  century,  assurances  of  friendship,  accompanied,  in 
some  instances,  with  promises  of  assistance  should  occasion  re- 
quire it.  Never  did  I  consider  our  hope  of  stability  as  a  nation 
so  well  founded  as  they  ar^  at  this  moment. 

One  of  the  most  important  features  in  my  Foreign  Relations 
during  the  past  year,  is  that  of  the  Mission  upon  which  my  Spe- 
cial Envoy,  the  Honorable  William  L.  Lee,  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington, where  he  was  most  cordially  received,  and  whose  exer- 
tions have  been  attended  with  the  happiest  results.  They  have 
opened,  in  the  minds  of  our  agriculturists  and  those  who  study 
the  progress  of  our  people  as  producers,  hopes,  which  only  need 
the  confirmation  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  to  become 
permanently  realized,  and  greatly  conducive  to  our  prosperity. 

Negotiations  have,  for  some  time  past,  been  in  progress  be- 
tween my  Ministers  of  Poreign  Relations  and  Finance,  and  the 
Commissioner  of  the  Emperor  of  France,  for  a  new  Treaty  be- 
tween that  Sovereign  and  myself.  For  farther  particulars  re- 
garding my  Relations  abroad,  I  refer  you  to  the  Report  of  my 
Minister  of  that  Department. 

My  Minister  of  War  will  furnish  you  a  Report  showing  the 
appropriations  necessary  to  be  made  for  the  support  of  the  Mili- 
tary during  the  ensuing  year. 

The  administration  of  Justice  during  the  past  year,  especially 
in  the  higher  Courts  of  Judicature,  has  been  such  as  to  give 
general  satisfaction. 

Respecting  the  business  of  the  Judiciary  Department,  I  would 
refer  you  to  the  Report  of  my  Chancellor.  The  measures  he 
proposes  are  worthy  of  being  seriously  deliberated  upon,  and  I 
earnestly  recommend  to  your  early  consideration  that  for  the 
suppression  of  intoxication.  It  is  painful  to  notice  the  increase 
of  this  evil  in  Honolulu,  arising  principally  from  the  sale  of 
cheap  and  noxious  compounds.  In  connection  with  this  sub- 
ject, I  would  call  your  attention  to  the  evil  arising  from  the  sale 


67 

of  opium  to  Chinese  Coolies,  which,  unless  speedily  checked,  I 
fear  may  spread  among  our  own  race. 

In  the  Report  of  my  Minister  of  the  Interior  you  will  not  fail 
to  observe  a  valuable  suggestion  proposing  a  fundamental  change 
in  the  appointment  of  the  officers  intrusted  with  the  making  and 
preserving  of  our  public  roads.  It  is  to  the  effect  that  persons 
chosen  for  their  ability  be  appointed  by  the  executive,  in  lieu  of 
the  Superintendents  elected  at  present  by  the  tax  payers  of  each 
district,  a  system  the  experience  of  several  years  has  proven  to 
be  accompanied  with  many  abuses. 

I  recommend  to  your  notice  the  several  other  points  con- 
tained in  that  Report,  especially  that  asking  for  an  authorization 
to  grant  Title  Deeds  to  persons  who  have  proved  their  claims 
before  the  Land  Commission,  but  received  no  Patents,  in  conse- 
quence of  surveys  not  having  been  made  of  the  Kuleanas  to 
which  they  were  entitled,  and  to  Konohikis  whose  lands  are  de- 
scribed in  the  Book  of  Division,  but  who  have  not  received  their 
Awards.  Also,  the  continuation  of  the  Inter-island  Mail  Carrier 
service,  and,  above  all,  an  appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  a 
proper  steamer,  to  assist  intercourse  between  the  islands  of  this 
group,  and  encourage  industry. 

You  will  perceive  by  the  detailed  Report  of  my  Minister  of 
Finance  that  the  liabilities  of  my  Treasury  have  been  promptly 
discharged  and  the  public  credit  fully  sustained,  notwithstanding 
the  large  expenditure  made  for  important  public  improvements. 
The  law  for  the  more  just  and  equal  collection  of  Taxes,  passed 
at  your  last  Session,  has  operated  favorably  on  the  national  fi- 
nances, although  I  am  of  opinion  that  some  alterations  in  its  pro- 
visions would  still  further  improve  it. 

In  addition  to  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  Government,  you 
will  see  the  necessity  of  appropriations  sufficient  to  complete  the 
public  works  already  commenced,  even  though  it  should  be  nec- 
essary to  resort  to  the  loan  authorized  by  the  law  of  the  last 
Session. 

My  Minister  of  Finance  has  also  called  your  attention  to  the 
important  subject  of  a  Usury  law,  which  I  commend  to  your 
favorable   consideration. 

He  has  likewise  alluded  to  a  proposed  mode  of  payment  for  the 
steamer  before  mentioned,  which  may,  I  trust,  preclude  all  em- 
barrassment to  my  Treasury. 

You  cannot,  at  present,  regard  the  law  imposing  duties  on  im- 
ports passed  at  your  last  Session,  as  a  basis  for  appropriations, 
i3ecause  it  is  uncertain  whether  it  will  go  into  eft'ect. 

The  state  and  progress  of  Education  among  my  people  during 
the  past  year,  you  will  learn  from  the  Report  of  the  President  of 
the  Board  of  Education.  The  change  in  that  Department,  by  an 
Act  of  the  last  Legislature,  has  proved,  thus  far,  to  be  beneficial. 
It  is  particularly  gratifying  to  know  that  instruction  in  the  Eng- 


68 

lish  language  is  prosecuted  with  so  much  success  among  my 
native  subjects.  I  recommend  you  to  make  as  Hberal  a  provi- 
sion for  the  support  of  this  class  of  schools  as  the  state  of  my 
Treasury  will  admit. 

I  feel  so  keenly  the  necessity  of  some  new  stimulus  to  agri- 
culture, in  all  its  branches,  that  I  very  seriously  call  your  at- 
tention to  that  point,  and  shall  be  happy  if  in  your  wisdom  you 
can  devise  any  measures  to  promote  so  important  an  object.  The 
Native  Hawaiian  Agricultural  Society,  lately  instituted,  needs 
your  fostering  care  in  the  form  in  which  you  have  manifested  it 
towards  the  sister  Association.  The  decrease  of  our  population, 
and  the  means  of  staying  it,  occupy  many  of  my  thoughts ;  and 
a  subject  so  important  cannot  fail  to  receive  your  serious  consid- 
eration. Intimately  connected  with  the  subject  last  alluded  to, 
is  the  still  unaccomplished  wish  of  all  the  true  friends  of  the 
nation  to  see  an  Hospital  established,  and  I  sincerely  hope  that 
those  who  have  foretold  difficulties  opposed  to  the  success  of  such 
an  institution,  will  at  last  allow  the  experiment  to  be  made. 
Fearful,  as  we  all  must  be,  of  the  introduction  of  any  new  diseases 
to  decimate  us  again,  I  beg  of  you  to  consider  by  Avhat  means, 
under  Providence,  such  a  calamity  may  be  averted. 

I  sincerely  trust  that  the  Ruler  of  all  will  guide  your  deliber- 
ations to  a  result  beneficial  to  the  nation. 


69 


.n  April  5. 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 

Session  of  1856. 

Ended  Jun 
Sat  54  Days. 

JOHN  YOUNG,  President. 

KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT. 

KANOA. 

KEKUANAOA,  M. 

NAHAOLELUA. 

PIIKOI. 

WYLLIE,  R.  C* 


10. 


ALLEN",  E.  H.^ 

KAEO. 

KANAINA. 

KAPAAKEA. 

KAPEAU. 

NAMAKEHA. 

HAALELEA. 


EDWARD  HUNT,  Secretary. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


Sat  58  Days. 


G.  M.  ROBERTSON, 
AKA,  W.  B. 
BARENABA,  GEORGE. 
CUMMINGS,  P. 
KAHULANUI,  S.  R. 
KAMAIPELEKANE,  E.  P. 
KAPIHE,  M. 
KEIKINUI. 
KOLE,  J. 
MAIKAI,  J.  W.  E. 
NAIAPAAKAI,  D.  K. 
NAONE,  P. 
RICHARDSON,  J. 
UKEKE.* 


Speaker. 
BARENABA. 
BARTOW,  C.  S. 
KAHOOKANO,  J. 
KALAMA,  S.  P. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 
KEAWEHANO,  D. 
KELAMA. 
KUPAKEE,  J.  W. 
MARSHALL,  J.  F. 
NAIHE,  J.  W. 
PAAKAULA. 
UAUA. 
WEBSTER,  WM. 


B. 


O.  H.  GULICK,  Cleric. 


*  Seated  April  25.     J.  W.  Kauahi  was  elected,  but  the  House  refused  to 
seat  him;   Ukeke  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 


70 

HIS    MAJESTY'S    SPEECH   UPON    PROROGUING   THE 
SESSION  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  1856. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

At  the  close  of  a  Session  which  has  been  marked  by  so  much 
unanimity  as  that  about  to  terminate,  and  during  which  so  much 
that  displays  the  wisdom  essential  to  success  in  legislation  has 
been  observable,  I  cannot  but  feel  a  gratification  in  meeting  you. 

The  appropriations  you  have  made  for  the  expenses  of  my 
Government  during  the  next  two  years,  and  the  zeal  you  have 
displayed  to  render  especially  efficient  the  Bureau  of  Public 
Works,  meet  with  my  sincere  approval. 

In  the  matter  of  one  appropriation  only,  do  I  entertain  any 
doubts ;  but  if  by  any  possibility  the  military  establishment  can 
be  maintained  upon  such  a  scale  as  to  ensure  a  promise  of  secu- 
rity, no  exertions  will  be  wanting  on  the  part  of  my  Government 
to  do  so,  without  overstepping  the  amount  by  you  provided. 

To  the  niembers  of  the  House  of  Representatives  I  would  ex- 
press my  sincere  acknowledgments  for  the  readiness  with  which 
they  have  interpreted  the  public  feeling,  and  provided  for  my 
establishment  under  the  new  relations  which  I  am  about  to 
assume. 

I  have  no  expectations  that  any  necessity  will  arise  for  calling 
you  together  before  the  stated  session  of  1858,  and  I  trust  that 
the  interim  will  be  full  of  prosperity  to  you  and  the  nation,  the 
blessing  of  God  making  fruitful  those  exertions  from  which  I 
now  release  you  by  proroguing  the  session. 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
SESSION  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  LEGISLA- 
TURE OF  1858-59. 

Arables  and  Representatives: 

Since  the  Legislature  was  last  in  session,  it  has  pleased  Al- 
mighty God  to  bless  me  with  a  son.  The  birth  of  an  Heir  to  the 
Throne  is  an  event  which  you,  now  congregated  to  pass  measures, 
not  for  the  temporary  only,  but  for  the  permanent  prosperity  of 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  under  a  Constitutional  Monarchy,  cannot 
but  regard  with  solemn  interest.  Not  only  the  continuance  of 
his  life,  but  the  characteristics  which  the  Prince  may  develop  as 
he  grows  to  manhood,  and  the  education  to  be  imparted  to  him, 
are  matters  in  no  small  degree  inseparable  from  the  future  of 
our  country's  history — from  that  distant  part  of  it  in  which,  I, 
and  many,  if  not  all  of  you,  will  take  no  share.     Gentlemen,  the 


71 

child  is  yours  as  well  as  mine ;  the  circumstances  that  attend  his 
birth  deprive  me  of  an  undivided  interest  in  him,  for  if  such  be 
the  will  of  Divine  Providence,  he  will  one  day  be  to  your  sons 
what  I  am  to  their  fathers.  Destined  as  he  is  to  exercise  a  para- 
mount influence  in  years  to  come,  I  consecrate  him  to  my  people, 
and  with  God's  help,  I  will  leave  unused  no  faculty  with  which  I 
am  imbued  to  make  him  worthy  of  your  love  and  loyalty,  and  an 
ornament  to  the  Throne  of  his  great  Predecessor  who  only  did 
battle  to  establish  peace  and  lay  the  foundations  of  order. 

I  have  called  you  together  according  to  the  requirements  of 
the  Constitution.  Having  thus  fulfilled  the  duty  imposed  upon 
me,  I  would  suggest  to  you,  Nobles  and  Representatives,  the  pro- 
priety, under  existing  circumstances,  of  confining  the  business  of 
the  present  session  to  providing,  by  a  Joint  Resolution,  or  other- 
wise, for  the  financial  necessities  of  the  Government,  and  ap- 
pointing a  Joint  Committee  to  report  after  an  adjournment  and 
as  soon  as  practicable,  to  their  respective  Houses,  upon  the  New 
Code,  or  such  portions  of  it  as  may  be  ready  for  presentation  by 
the  Commission  appointed  by  the  Legislature  of  1856  to  pre- 
pare it. 

The  reasons  for  such  a  course  will  appear  in  the  fact  that  the 
Commissioners  selected  to  revise,  codify  and  amend  the  laws  now 
in  force,  partly  on  account  of  the  ill  health  of  one  of  the  mem- 
bers, now  deceased,  and  partly  from  the  laborious  nature  of  the 
task  imposed  upon  persons  whose  time  was  already  occupied  by 
the  duties  of  office,  have  been  unable  to  perfect  their  work  within 
the  time,  which  before  the  undertaking  was  commenced,  was 
deemed  sufficient.  The  Joint  Committee  could  only  receive  and 
proceed  to  review  such  portions  of  the  Revision  as  are  already 
prepared,  and  receive  more  as  the  Commissioners  progressed.  By 
means  of  a  little  inquiry,  the  time  when  their  report  upon  the 
whole  would  probably  be  forthcoming  might  be  ascertained,  when 
the  two  Houses  could  meet  again  to  review  the  Report  and  pro- 
ceed with  the  general  business  of  the  country. 

The  suggestion  I  have  made  demands  further  consideration 
from  the  fact  that  a  new  Treaty,  negotiated  between  me  and  the 
Emperor  of  the  French,  has  lately  been  returned  from  Paris,  ac- 
companied by  the  formal  ratification  of  the  Emperor.  It  now 
awaits  a  similar  concurrence,  on  my  part,  to  render  it  efifective. 
In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  our  Constitution,  this  Treaty 
is  now  under  consideration  by  me,  in  my  Privy  Council  of  State. 
The  provisional  Act,  therefore,  which  a  former  Legislature  passed, 
will  become  operative  or  otherwise,  according  to  the  result  of 
those  deliberations  I  refer  to,  and  until  that  result  becomes  known 
the  Minister  of  Finance  cannot  make  to  you  a  satisfactory  show- 
ing of  the  probable  receipts  of  the  Government  for  this  and  the 
next  fiscal  year;  and  without  such  data  to  go  by  you  will  hardly 
be  able  to  dispose  of  the  strictly  financial  business  of  the  country. 


72 

So,  too,  in  regard  to  the  Civil  Acts,  the  passage  of  which  draws 
so  largely  upon  the  time  of  your  two  Houses.  It  would  be  noth- 
ing less  than  a  waste  of  labor  to  alter,  by  separate  enactments, 
those  laws  which  the  Revised  Code  will  amend,  or  to  sanction 
new  provisions,  in  that  Compendium  already  provided  for,  and 
which  temporary  enactments  would,  therefore,  become  valueless 
almost  as  soon  as  they  should  have  been  promulgated. 

Believing,  gentlemen,  that  you  will  coincide  with  me  in  seeing 
the  necessity  for  a  speedy  adjournment,  after  having  made  the 
provisoins  I  have  pointed  out,  I  forbear  to  call  your  attention  to 
the  general  business  and  details  to  which  I  should  otherwise  direct 
your  notice. 


SPECIAL  MESSAGE  OF  HIS  MAJESTY  SENT  TO  THE 
LEGISLATURE,  MARCH  31,   1859. 

Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  deem  it  my  duty,  as  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Kingdom,  to 
submit  to  the  Legislature  certain  points  in  regard  to  which  the 
organic  law  seems  to  require  revision. 

Experience  has  conclusively  shown  that  the  Constitution  of 
1852  does  not,  in  many  important  respects,  meet  the  expectations 
of  its  framers,  or  of  my  Predecessor,  by  whom  it  was  voluntarily 
conceded. 

It  is  the  part  of  wisdom  to  derive  lessons  from  experience,  and 
to  regulate  our  future  policy  in  conformity  with  its  suggestions. 

The  105th  Article  of  the  Constitution  prescribes  the  ordinary 
mode  of  amendment.  Without  reference  to  a  different  manner 
of  revision,  clearly  founded  on  the  inherent  rights  of  the  dififerent 
Estates  of  my  Kingdom,  I  am,  at  this  time,  content  to  appeal  to 
the  Legislature  for  such  action  as  will  provide  an  adequate 
remedy  for  all  existing  difficulties. 

I  am  satisfied  that  it  would  result  in  great  public  advantage  to 
allow  to  my  Executive  Ministers  the  privilege  of  election  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  except  when  constituted  Members  of 
the  House  of  Nobles  by  Royal  Patent.  It  would  also,  in  my 
opinion  be  politic  to  permit  additions  to  be  made  to  the  House  of 
Nobles  for  a  term  of  years  as  well  as  for  life.  These  changes  are 
earnestly  recommended  and  urged  upon  your  favorable  consider- 
ation. 

I  further  recommend  that  the  House  of  Representatives  be 
limited,  as  to  its  members,  to  a  number  not  exceeding  twenty ; 
and  that  a  suitable  property  qualification  for  eligibility  be  estab- 
lished. The  compensation  of  such  members  ought  also  to  be  defi- 
nitely fixed  for  the  entire  period  of  their  service,  so  as  to  avoid 


73 

all  inducements  to  protracted  sessions  beyond  the  requirement  of 
the  public  good. 

Relying  on  your  wisdom  and  patriotic  disposition,  I  place  these 
suggestions  before  you,  in  the  full  confidence  that  they  cannot  fail 
to  meet  your  sanction.  I  entertain  no  doubt  that  if  the  Consti- 
tution should  be  amended  in  conformity  thereto,  a  beneficial  re- 
form of  the  Legislative  Department  would  be  effected,  and  the 
general  advantage  of  my  Kingdom  thereby  greatly  promoted. 

KAMEHAMEHA. 


74 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1858-9. 

Began  June  10.  Adjourned  June  28  to  December  6.** 

Sat  16  Days. 

Adjourned  Session. 

Began  December  21,  1858.**  Ended  May  4,  1859. 

Sat  84  Days. 

M.  KEKUANAOA,  President. 

GEEGG,  D.   L.*  KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT. 

HAALELEA.  KANOA. 

II,  JOHN.  NAHAOLELITA. 

KANAINA.  PIIKOI. 

KAPAAKEA.  WYLLIE,  E.  C* 
NAMAKEHA. 

C.  G.  HOPKINS,  Secretary. 


*  Minister. 
**  Why  the  Nobles  did  not  meet  December  6,  is  not  explained  in  journal. 

Representatives. 

Began  June  11.  Adjourned  June  28  to  December  6. 

Sat  15  Days. 

Adjourned  Session. 

Began  December  6,  1858.  Ended  May  4,  1859. 

Sat  127  Days. 

G.  M.  EOBEETSON,  Speaker  to  January  3,  1859. 

J.  W.  AUSTIN,  Speaker  from  January  3,  1859. 

CHAMBERLAIN,    J.  E.                       HOLLISTER,   E.   S. 

DOWSETT,   J.   L  JUDD.  G.  P.*2 

HITCHCOCK,  D.   H.  KAATTWAEPAA.   J.   H. 

HOPU,    ASA.*i  KAKANI,   C.   K.*3 

KAAKUA,   J.   H.  KALANIPOO,    J.    M. 

KAHAI,   J.  KAPIHE,    M. 

KALAMA,    S.    P.  KENUI,   M. 

KAMATPELEKANE,  E.    P.               KIPI,   S. 

KAUMAEA,   Z.   P.*4  LAANUI,  S. 

KIOLEA,   J.   W.   B.  LOW,   J.    S. 

KUPAKEE,  J.  W.  McCULLY,   L.*5 

LAINAHOLO.  EICHARDSON,    J. 

MAN! NT.   P.   F.  SHELDON,  H.  L. 


NUUHIWA,    D. 


O.  H.  GULICK,  Clerk  to  April  19. 
A.   K.   CLAEK,  Clerk  from   April   19. 


*l  Vice  C.  K.  Kakani,  resigned. 
*2  Resigned  January  20,  1859. 
*3  Resigned  January  11,  1859. 
*4  Died  February,   1859. 
*5  Vice  Judd,  resigned. 


HIS   MAJESTY'S   SPEECH   PROROGUING  THE 
LEGISLATURE  OF  1858-59. 


Nobles  Old  Representatives: 

1  congratulate  you  upon  having  concluded  the  labors  of  a  Ses- 
sion protracted  beyond  my  expectation,  and,  I  imagine,  that  of 
the  country  at  large.  I  trust  that  after  all  the  attention  which 
has  been  expended  on  the  revised  Civil  Code,  the  result  will 
prove  a  compilation  sound  in  its  principles  and  convenient  in  its 
arrangement.  If  it  have  no  other  effect  than  to  encourage  a 
decrease  of  litigation,  by  exposing  in  its  proper  place  the  law 
applicable  to  every  civil  regulation  which  legislation  makes  the 
frame-work  of  our  national  system,  your  time,  and  the  expenses 
of  the  session,  will  not  have  been  consumed  in  vain. 

I  have  heard  with  satisfaction  that  the  amendments  of  the  Con- 
stitution which  I  suggested  and  laid  open  to  your  consideration, 
have  been  acted  upon,  and  I  do  not  doubt  that  the  next  session 
will  see  them  confirmed  and  made  effective.  I  think  they  will 
initiate  a  more  wholesome  system  of  legislation,  prevent  unneces- 
sary delays  and  expenses,  and  place  the  Executive  Government  in 
a  position  better  calculated  for  giving  explanations  and  receiving 
instructions  from  that  House  which  originates  every  fiscal 
measure. 

I  thank  you,  Representatives,  for  the  provision  you  have  made 
for  myself  and  those  nearest  to  me ;  and,  while  alluding  to  the 
Bill  of  Appropriations,  I  cheerfully  notice  the  fact,  that  in 
making  distribution  of  the  revenue,  you  have,  for  the  first  time, 
proposed  for  the  country  a  system  of  expenditure  strictly  propor- 
tioned to  the  estimated  receipts. 

I  confess  that  the  act  of  your  two  Houses  which  I  regard  with 
most  complacency,  is  that  in  which  you  commit  the  public  Treas- 
ury to  the  aid  of  Hospitals.  You,  Representatives,  amongst 
whose  constituents  are  those  very  persons  for  whom  these  places 
of  refuge  are  principally  designed,  have  expressed  a  kind  and 
grateful  feeling  for  the  personal  share  which  I  and  the  Queen 
have  taken  in  the  labor  of  securing  the  necessary  means  for  the 
establishment  of  an  Hospital  in  Honolulu.  Whilst  acknowledg- 
ing your  courtesy,  I  wish  to  take  this  first  public  occasion  to 
express  the  almost  unspeakable  satisfaction  with  which  I  have 
found  my  efiforts  successful  beyond  my  hopes.  It  is  due  to  the 
subscribers  as  a  body,  that  I  should  bear  witness  to  the  readi- 
ness, not  less  than  the  liberality,  with  which  they  have  met  my 
advances.  When  you  return  to  your  several  places,  let  the  fact  be 
made  known,  that  in  Honolulu  the  sick  man  has  a  friend  in  every- 
body. Nor  do  I  believe  that  He  who  made  us  all,  and  to  whose 
keeping  I  commend  in  now  dismissing  you,  has  seen  with  indift'er- 
ence  how  the  claims  of  a  common  humanity  have  drawn  together, 
in  the  subscription  list,  names  representative  of  almost  every  race 
of  men  under  the  sun. 


76 


SPEECH  OF  HIS  MAJESTY  AT  THE  EXTRAORDINARY 

SESSION  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  NOBLES  HELD  AT 

THE  PALACE,  OCTOBER  3,  1859. 


Gentlemen  of  the  House  of  Nobles: 

1  have  thought  proper  to  convene  you  in  special  session  in 
order  to  consult  on  a  matter,  which  in  my  judgment  relates  to 
the  highest  welfare  of  the  nation.  In  contemplation  of  a  vacancy 
in  the  chief  executive  office,  at  all  times  liable  to  occur,  it  is  im- 
portant that  the  succession  to  the  crown  should  be  definitely 
established  in  a  constitutional  manner.  To  this  subject  I  invite 
your  attention,  in  the  full  confidence  that  the  recommendation  I 
am  about  to  make  will  receive  at  your  hands  a  hearty  concur- 
rence. 

The  Constitution  points  out  the  mode  of  procedure  to  be 
adopted,  and  I  avail  myself  of  the  authority  thus  vested  in  me  to 
designate  my  infant  son,  the  Prince  of  Hawaii,  as  my  heir  and 
successor  to  the  Throne.  Your  assent  and  cooperation  in  the 
measure  are  required,  but  I  do  not  doubt  your  ready  and  loyal 
support,  not  only  on  grounds  relating  to  the  stability  of  the  exist- 
ing dynasty,  but  from  motives  intimately  connected  with  the 
public  good. 


EXTRA  SESSION,  HOUSE  OF  NOBLES,  OCTOBER  3, 
1859. 

The  Nobles  met  in  Extra  Session  for  the  purpose  of  concurring 
in  the  King's  nomination  of  the  Prince  of  Hawaii  as  successor  to 
the  Throne.  With  the  exception  of  the  following  New  ]\Iem- 
bers:  R.  Armstrong,  Charles  R.  Bishop,  Charles  G.  Hopkins,  D. 
Kalakaua  and  J.  W.  E.  Maikai,  the  names  of  the  Nobles  present 
are  not  recorded  in  the  Journal. 


77 

THE  KING'S  SPEECH  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  1860. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

In  accordance  with  the  Constitution,  I  have  called  you  together 
in  Legislative  assembly. 

It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  make  known  to  you  that  my  relations 
with  Foreign  Powers  are  in  an  amicable  and  satisfactory  posi- 
tion, and  to  the  Report  of  my  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  I 
direct  your  attention  for  information  in  relation  to  the  Depart- 
ment under  his  care. 

The  Chief  Justice  in  his  Report  has  given  a  general  view  of  the 
administration  of  the  department  of  law.  There  are  some  por- 
tions of  the  report  to  which  I  desire  to  call  your  special  atten- 
tion. By  reference  to  the  comparative  view  of  convictions  con- 
tained therein,  you  will  observe  that  two  classes  of  offences 
against  the  laws  constitute  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  whole  num- 
ber of  convictions.  The  inevitable  effect  of  these  oft'ences  is  to 
demoralize  and  destroy  the  people,  and  I  would  designate  as  well 
worthy  of  your  careful  consideration  and  adoption,  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  Chief  Justice  in  relation  to  such  amendments 
or  alterations  of  the  existing  laws  as  will  tend  to  eradicate  or 
diminish  these  evils. 

The  Report  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  furnish  you 
with  full  information  in  relation  to  the  affairs  of  his  department 
for  the  last  two  years.  The  financial  prospects  of  the  country, 
as  exhibited  in  the  Report  of  the  Minister  of  Finance,  are  satis- 
factory, and  I  would  particularly  direct  to  your  favorable  con- 
sideration his  suggestion  that  provision  be  made  for  paying  off 
outstanding  liabilities  as  they  become  due.  I  would  also  call  to 
your  attention  for  careful  consideration,  his  suggestion  in  rela- 
tion to  the  assessments  and  collection  of  taxes,  and  in  relation  to 
the  transit  duties ;  also  to  the  proposed  alteration  in  the  mode  of 
remunerating  District  Justices. 

The  all-important  subject  of  Education  now  occupies  the  pub- 
lic mind  with  more  than  usual  interest,  and  I  particularly  rec- 
ommend to  your  favorable  notice  the  suggestions  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Education,  with  reference  to  substituting 
English  for  Hawaiian  schools,  in  so  far  as  may  be  practicable, 
and  also  in  relation  to  the  granting  of  Government  aid  towards 
independent  schools  for  the  education  and  moral  training  of 
females. 

Through  the  laudable  efforts  of  a  number  of  private  individ- 
uals— whom  I  take  this  first  public  opportunity  of  thanking — 
several  establishments  of  this  latter  description  have  been  insti- 
tuted during  the  past  year ;  and  although  thus  far  little  more  than 
a  commencement  in  the  good  work  has  been  made,  their  progress 


78 

has  been  satisfactory.  I  dwell  on  this  subject,  Nobles  and  Rep- 
resentatives, because  our  very  existence  as  a  people  depends  on 
the  youthful  training  of  the  future  mothers  of  our  land,  and  that 
must  not  be  jeopardized  through  lack  of  effort  on  our  part. 

To  your  careful  consideration  I  recommend  the  proposed 
amendments  to  the  Constitution,  as  passed  by  the  last  Legislature. 

The  "Queen's  Hospital,"  at  Honolulu,  instituted  for  the  relief 
of  the  sick  and  indigent,  has  now  been  in  operation  for  nine 
months,  and  to  this  praiseworthy  institution  I  direct  your  atten- 
tion, that  suitable  provision  in  aid  thereof  may  be  made  in  the 
biennial  estimates,  with  a  view  also  that  branch  Dispensaries  may 
be  established  at  other  places  in  the  Kingdom. 

In  conclusion.  Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  trust  that  in  your 
deliberations  on  the  necessary  business  that  may  come  before  you, 
that  you  will  combine  care  with  dispatch,  and  I  will  join  with 
you  in  supplicating  the  Ruler  of  all  nations  for  that  wisdom  which 
will  best  direct  your  efforts. 


79 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPECIAL  MESSAGE  TO  THE  HOUSE 

OF  NOBLES  AND  REPRESENATIVES,  DELIV- 

RED  BY  THE  ROYAL  COMMISSIONERS, 

AUGUST  14,  1860. 


Kamehameha  IV.,  by  the  Grace  of  God  King  of  the  Llawaiian 
Islands : 

To  His  Excellency  M.  Kekuanaoa,  Our  Governor  of  Oahu,  and 
the  Honorable  Elisha  H.  Allen,  Our  Chancellor: 

Greetixg  : — W^e  hereby  commission  you  in  Our  place  and 
stead,  to  deliver  to  the  Nobles  and  Representatives,  Our  Message, 
touching  certain  alterations  proposed  to  be  made  in  the  Constitu- 
tion of  Our  Kingdom :  And  for  so  doing  this  shall  be  your  suffi- 
cient warrant. 

Given  at  Our  Palace  in  Honolulu,  this  Fourteenth  day  of 
August,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1860,  and  in  the  sixth  year 
of  Our  reign. 

KAMEHAMEHA. 
Kaahumanu. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  called  the  attention  of  the  last  Legislature  to  the  amendments 
of  the  Constitution.  Experience  of  the  practical  operation  of 
that  instrument  has  impressed  me  with  their  importance,  and  in 
this  view  that  body  coincided.  But  from  some  omission  the  pub- 
lication was  not  made  in  conformity  to  the  provision  of  the  Con- 
stitution, and  hence  you  have  very  properly  expressed  your  con- 
stitutional inability  to  pass  finally  upon  the  amendments  as 
adopted  by  them. 

Therefore,  it  has  become  my  duty  to  call  your  attention  to 
some  of  those  amendments,  as  well  as  others,  which  a  more 
mature  reflection  has  suggested. 

I  regard  favorably  the  eligibility  of  the  Ministers  to  the  House 
of  Representatives.  The  experience  of  monarchical  governments 
has  illustrated  the  importance  of  their  services  to  the  popular 
branch.  It  is  a  power  of  selection  which  may  be  wisely  entrusted 
to  the  people  to  exercise.  A  property  qualification  of  a  limited 
amount  will  tend  to  make  the  selection  from  the  more  substan- 
tial men  of  the  Kingdom,  and  the  payment  by  a  salary  for  their 
services.  I  regard  as  more  just  than  a  per  diem  allowance  as  now 
provided.  A  limited  number  of  appointments  to  the  House  of 
Nobles  for  a  term  of  years  may  afford  that  body  valuable  aid. 


80 

When  the  Constitution  was  adopted,  its  provisions  in  reference 
to  a  successor  to  the  throne,  were  made  with  especial  reference 
to  my  Predecessor,  who  had  no  lineal  heirs.  Additional  provi- 
sions now  seem  to  be  necessary  as  a  protection  to  the  Heir  Ap- 
parent to  the  Throne,  and  so  secure  beyond  reasonable  contingen- 
cies the  stable  administration  of  the  sovereignty. 

I  regard  a  regency  by  the  Queen,  in  cases  of  temporary  vacancy 
of  the  Throne,  or  during  a  minority  of  the  Heir  Apparent,  as  the 
best  means  to  secure  a  wise  and  safe  exercise  of  regal  authority, 
with  proper  regard  to  the  rights  of  all  persons.  It  would  be  a 
safe  depository  of  power,  for  no  one  can  feel  a  more  sincere  in- 
terest for  the  honor  and  prosperity  of  the  Kingdom  than  the 
Queen  Consort,  and  the  mother  of  the  Heir  Apparent.  Amend- 
ments which  will  secure  these  objects,  you  will  regard  as  the  part 
of  wisdom  to  adopt. 

There  are  some  minor  amendments  which  will  be  submitted,  to 
which  I  do  not  regard  it  as  essential  more  particularly  to  advert. 
Of  their  wisdom  and  propriety  I  am  fully  impressed. 

Relying  upon  your  wisdom  and  your  devotion  to  the  integrity 
and  prosperity  of  my  Kingdom,  I  have  the  most  entire  confidence 
that  the  amendments  proposed  will  receive  your  most  careful  con- 
sideration. 


81 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 
Nobles. 


Began  May  23. 


Session  of  1860. 

Sat  67  Days. 
M.  KEKUANAOA,  President. 


Ended  August  28. 


AEMSTEOXCt,  R. 
GREGG,  D.  L.* 
HOPKINS,  C.  G. 
KALAKAUA,  D. 
KAXAfNA. 
KAPAAKEA,  K. 
NAMAKEHA,  B. 


BISHOP,  C.  E. 
HAALELEA. 
II,  JOHN. 

KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT. 
KANOA,  P. 
NAHAOLELUA,  P. 
WYLLTE,  R.  C* 

H.  L.   SHELDON,  Clerl: 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


Sat  83  Days. 


L.  ^IcCULLY, 
AHOLO,  L. 

BARENABA,    GEORGE. 
DOWSETT,   J.  I. 
HALEKAI. 
KAAKUA,   J.   H.* 
KAHULANUI,  S.  R. 
KALAMA,    S.    P. 
KAULIA,  W.   J. 
KNLH)SEN,   V. 
MANINI,   P. 
NAIAPAAKAI,  D.  K. 
N  AUK  AN  A,  S.  M.*i 
ITKEKE,   G.   B. 
BALDWIN,   D.   D. 


Speal-er. 

CHAMBERLAYNE,  R.   K. 
GREEN,"  J.  P. 
HOPU,  ASA. 
KAAUKAI. 
KAILIHOU. 
KAMAKAU,   S.   M. 
KIPI,   S. 
MAHOE,  D.  B. 
NAHINU,  D.  W. 
NAONE,   P. 
PILIPO,    G.    W. 
WEBSTER,   WM. 
WIDEMANN,   H.   A. 


O.  H.  GULICK,  Clerl: 


From  June  12,  vice  Naukana,  unseated. 
Unseated  May  31. 


82 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  1860. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

In  meeting  you  today  at  the  close  of  your  session,  I  have  first 
to  ask  you  to  join  with  me  in  returning  thanks  to  the  Ruler  of  all 
nations  for  His  beneficent  providence  in  restoring  to  health  one 
of  your  number  from  that  dangerous  illness  with  which  he  has 
been  afflicted,  whose  loss  would  have  been  a  grievous  calamity  to 
the  welfare  of  my  Kingdom.* 

I  beg  to  congratulate  you  on  the  termination  of  your  labors, 
and  trust  that  the  new  enactments  passed  by  your  joint  wisdom 
may  prove  to  be  for  the  advantage  and  welfare  of  my  people. 

I  have  to  thank  you,  Gentlemen  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, for  the  provisions  you  have  made  for  the  expenses  of  the 
State  during  the  current  biennial  period. 

While  I  regret  with  you,  Nobles  and  Representatives,  that, 
owing  to  the  near  approach  of  the  termination  of  this  session,  you 
have  been  unable  to  take  final  action  on  the  Amendments  to  the 
Constitution  submitted  to  you  with  my  late  Message,  I  fully 
concur  in  the  wisdom  of  your  course — as  made  known  to  me  by 
your  Joint  Committee — in  deferring  that  important  subject  for 
that  more  mature  consideration  it  requires. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  in  conformity  with  the  Constitu- 
tion, I  now  and  hereby  do  declare  this  session  of  the  Legislature 
to  be  prorogued. 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE  OF  1862. 

Nobles  and  Representatives: 

In  convoking  you,  under  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  to 
meet  this  day  for  the  deliberation  and  transaction  of  such  business 
as  the  permanent  and  changeable  interests  of  the  country  alike 
require  to  be  attended  to,  I  would  first  of  all  direct  your  attention 
with  humility  and  gratitude  to  that  Great  and  Beneficent  Ruler 
of  Heaven  and  Earth,  whose  mercy  and  bounty  have  for  the  past 
two  years  been  extended  over  this  land  and  this  people. 

With  all  Foreign  Nations  my  relations  are  those  of  Amity  and 
Peace.  My  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  will  lay  before  you 
the  several  points  of  certain  questions  wdiich  have  been  referred 
by  me  to  His  Imperial  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  the  French  for 

*  The  King  here  refers  to  H.  E.  II.  Prince  Kameliamelia,  Avho  had  been 
dangerously  ill. 


83 

His  decision,  having  every  confidence  in  his  honor  and  justice.  I 
have  accredited  Sir  John  Bowring  as  my  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  Emperor  of  the  French,  to 
other  Sovereigns  of  Europe,  and  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  with  the  view  of  securing  the  concurrence  of  them  all  in 
a  General  Politcal  Treaty,  by  which  I  hope  to  derive  advantages 
not  at  present  enjoyed  by  our  existing  Treaties. 

It  is  gratifying  to  find  by  the  Report  of  the  Chief  Justice  that  in 
the  summary  of  offences  there  has  been  a  decided  diminution. 
This  especially  appears  to  be  the  case  in  some  localities,  of  that 
class  of  offences  which  are  of  a  demoralizing  nature.  There  are 
various  causes  which  have  contributed  to  work  out  this  result.  In 
some  cases  legislation  has  been  effective,  and  in  others,  increased 
attention  to  agriculture  has  aided  in  the  same  direction,  and  in 
all,  an  improving  education,  both  moral  and  religious,  of  my 
people,  has  had  a  valuable  influence.  I  call  your  attention  espe- 
cially to  the  alterations  of  the  Civil  Code,  which  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice has  recommended  in  his  report,  and  which  are  important  to 
be  made,  in  view  of  our  pecuniary  condition.  I  trust  that  a  more 
mature  reflection  will  decide  you  to  an  adoption  or  revision  of 
the  proposed  Amendments  to  the  Constitution,  which  were  trans- 
mitted for  your  consideration  at  the  last  session  of  your  body. 

The  report  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  furnish  you 
with  full  information  in  relation  to  the  affairs  of  his  department 
for  the  last  two  years.  I  specially  recommend  to  your  considera- 
tion, the  views  expressed  by  the  Minister  relating  to  the  offering 
of  premiums  out  of  the  Public  funds,  for  the  encouragement  of 
our  agricultural  interests,  and  more  especially  as  regards  our 
staple  products.  In  our  present  state  of  dependency  upon  our 
own  Internal  Resources  (which  I  do  not  regret),  it  becomes  the 
duty  of  the  Legislature  to  foster  such  enterprises  as  will  conduce 
most  materially  to  the  National  wealth  and  prosperity. 

I  direct  your  serious  attention  to  the  Report  of  my  Minister 
of  Finance,  who  is  authorized  to  present  for  your  action  a  Budget 
which  has  been  prepared  with  great  care,  and  which  has  this 
advantage,  if  no  other,  that  the  appropriations  asked  of  you  to 
make,  are  within  the  estimated  receipts  of  the  ensuing  fiscal  term. 
The  necessities  of  the  country  at  the  present  time,  are,  in  my 
opinion,  such  as  will  not  warrant  the  Representatives  of  the 
people  in  making  rash  appropriations,  far  beyond  the  receipts  of 
the  Treasury,  well  knowing  that  those  appropriations  will  never 
be  expended.  I  regret  that  this  has  been  the  case  in  former 
years,  but  the  easier  financial  conditions  of  the  country  at  that 
timic  may  have  been  an  excuse  for  such  legislative  liberality,  an 
excuse  not  now  existing,  and  I  therefore  enjoy  the  hope  that  at 
the  present  session,  the  public  weal  will  be  the  only  guide  in 
making  the  necessary  appropriations. 

Appreciating  the  truth  of  the  above  principle  and  desiring  to 


84 

apply  it  to  the  acts  of  the  Executive  as  well,  I  have  directed  my 
Ministers  to  make  such  recommendations  only  in  their  several 
Reports  as  I  think  will  enable  us  to  live  within  our  income,  with- 
out impairing  the  efficiency  of  the  Public  service. 

The  reductions  in  the  expenditures  now  submitted  to  you,  are 
made  only  with  the  view  of  meeting  present  obligations,  but  from 
the  conviction  that  many  of  our  expenses  are  unnecessary  and 
that  the  Government  could  be  well  and  sufficiently  carried  on  with 
a  great  reduction  in  its  current  expenses,  and  an  amalgamation 
of  several  of  its  offices.  The  Minister  of  Finance  will  lay  before 
you  fully,  the  state  of  the  National  Indebtedness  and  the  esti- 
mated receipts  for  the  current  biennial  period. 

In  regard  to  our  future  financial  prospects,  I  have  great  hopes 
that  in  a  few  years  the  wealth  and  prosperity  of  the  country  will 
be  placed  on  a  more  permanent  basis  than  it  has  heretofore  been, 
by  the  greater  development  of  its  agricultural  resources,  aided  by 
a  wise  legislation. 

The  Secretary  of  War  will  furnish  you  with  the  particulars  of 
the  Department  under  his  control.  The  efficiency  of  this  branch 
of  the  public  service  will,  I  think,  be  greatly  improved  by  the 
adoption  of  the  system  already  recommended  by  the  Prince  Con> 
manding-in-Chief,  as  embodied  in  the  Secretary's  Report.  This 
efficiency,  however,  could  not  be  secured  without  a  slight  increase 
of  the  former  appropriation.  As  radical  changes  generally  re- 
quire a  temporary  outlay  only  in  the  beginning,  the  sum  now 
asked  for  I  hope  will  not  again  be  required. 

The  President  of  the  Board  of  Education  presents  in  his  report 
an  interesting  sketch  of  the  progress  and  condition  of  our  schools 
and  higher  schools.  The  importance  of  substituting  English  for 
Hawaiian  schools  I  have  already  earnestly  recommended,  and  in 
again  bringing  the  subject  to  your  attention,  I  would  touch  upon  a 
matter  which  I  think  of  equal  importance,  and  that  is  in  raising 
the  standard  of  elementary  education  in  the  Common  Schools. 
This  latter  object  may  be  secured  by  the  institution  of  Normal 
Schools,  as  recommended  by  the  President ;  but  combined  with 
the  teaching  of  the  English  as  a  general  thing  throughout  the 
Kingdom,  it  must  place  the  object  beyond  a  peradventure.  I 
regret  that  there  has  been  but  small  progress  in  the  institution 
of  schools  for  the  education  and  moral  training  of  females.  This 
subject  ought  to  be  considered  paramount  to  any  other  in  consid- 
■ering  the  educational  necessities  of  the  people.  I  therefore  hope 
that  this  Legislature  will  devise  some  means  for  more  fully  carry- 
ing out  my  views  expressed  in  my  address  upon  this  subject  to 
the  last  Legislature,  and  in  connection  therewith,  I  cannot  forego 
the  opportunity,  as  the  head  of  this  nation,  to  express  my  acknowl- 
edgments and  appreciation  of  the  services  already  rendered  to 
this  cause,  either  by  individuals  or  organizations.  While  on  this 
subject,  I  cannot  doubt  but  that  you  will  join  with  me  in  the 


85 

sorrow  I  feel  for  the  loss  which  the  Government  and  the  cause 
of  education  have  sustained  by  the  death,  since  the  last  session, 
of  Dr.  R.  Armstrong-,  the  late  President  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation. 

Meeting  here  as  we  do,  for  but  one  object,  the  welfare  and 
prosperity  of  this  people,  I  cannot  dismiss  you  to  your  labors 
without  impressing  upon  your  minds  the  claim  of  the  "Queen's 
Hospital"  to  the  fostering  care  of  every  Hawaiian  Legislature. 

Having  thus  laid  before  you  the  most  important  interests  of 
My  Kingdom,  I  sincerely  trust  that  the  All-Wise  Ruler  of  Na- 
tions, on  Whom  Empires  and  individuals  equally  depend,  will 
guide  you  in  your  deliberations. 


86 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1862. 


Began  May  2. 


Sat  78  Days. 
LOT  KAMEHAMEHA,  President. 


Ended  August  23. 


BISHOP,   C.   E. 
HAALELEA. 
KALAKAUA,   D. 
KAPENA. 
NAHAOLELUA. 


GEEGG,   D.   L.* 
II,    JOHN. 
KANAINA. 
KEKUANAOA,    M. 
WYLLIE,   E.    C* 

L.   McCULLY,   Secretary. 


Minister. 


REPRESENTi\TIVES. 

Sat  97  Days. 
WM.  WEBSTEE,  Speal-er. 


ALAPAI,   J. 
BAEENABA,    GEOEGE 
HAEEIS,   C.    C. 
HITCHCOCK,   H.   E. 
KAAPA,    L. 

KAHALEWAI,   A.   M.*l 
KAHOOKANO,    J.    D. 
KAMALO,  J.   H. 
KAUHANE,   J. 
KNUDSEN,   V. 
MANINI,   P.   F. 
NUUANIT,  A.   S. 
POMAIKAI,   F. 
BALDWIN,   D.   D. 


DOWSETT,    J.    L 
HELELUHE,   J.   H." 
KAAKUA,  J.   H. 
KAAUWAI,   W.    H. 
KAHANANUI,    M. 
KAHOOKAUMAHA,    J.    A. 
KAPIHE,    M. 
KIPI,    S. 

MAKAIOULU,    E.*2 
MOKU,   J.    H. 
PAPAUA,   P. 
EHODES,    G. 
WIDEMANN,    H.    A. 


O.    H.    GULICK,    Cleric.. 


From  June  25,  vice  E.  Makaiaula,  unseated. 
Unseated  May  12.     Ee-elected.     Seated  June  13. 
Unseated  June  4. 


87 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  PROROGUING  THE 
LEGISLATURE  OF  1862. 


(Delivered  by  Koyal  Commission — H.  Ex.  M.  Kekuanaoa,  Governor  of 
Oalm,  and  Chief  Justice  Allen,  Chancellor  of  the  Kingdom.) 

Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Your  Joint  Committee  have  announced  to  me  that  your  House 
have  discharged  all  the  duties  which  you  regard  as  essential  to 
the  administration  of  my  Government  for  the  ensuing  biennial 
period. 

The  duty  of  retrenchment  of  expenditures  has  been  esT'ecially 
imposed  upon  you  at  this  session ;  and  after  a  careful  interchange 
of  opinions,  and  in  the  exercise  of  a  hberal  judgment,  you  have 
passed  a  bill  of  appropriations,  which,  I  trust,  will  enable  the 
Executive  to  sustain  the  honor  and  efficiency  of  my  Govern- 
ment, by  an  expenditure  not  exceeding  its  receipts.  It  is  un- 
questionably a  sound  principle,  that  provision  for  its  current 
expenses  should  always  be  made.  A  debt  on  this  account  should 
never  be  imposed  on  our  successors.  Indeed,  a  public  debt  for 
the  most  valuable  improvements  should  be  incurred  with  great 
caution,  and  liquidated  with  as  much  dispatch  as  a  proper  regard 
for  the  resources  of  My  people  will  permit. 

The  amendments  of  the  Constitution  which  you  have  adopted, 
may  prevent  anarchy  and  confusion  in  the  Government,  by  estab- 
lishing a  more  fixed  rule  of  inheritance  of  the  Crown.  Experi- 
ence has  shown  that  it  controls  legislation  upon  some  subjects, 
in  which  the  public  interest  requires  some  change.  Your  amend- 
ments have  remedied  this  embarrassment  to  some  extent.  The 
Constitution  was  adopted  under  somewhat  peculiar  circumstances, 
and  will  undoubtedly  need  amendments  from  the  influence  of  time 
and  events  upon  the  affairs  of  my  Kingdom;  but.  I  trust,  that 
every  modification  will  be  made  with  a  careful  judgment. 

For  the  liberality  which  you  have  manifested  by  the  provi- 
sion made  for  Myself  and  My  Family,  I  thank  you.  It  is  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  same  spirit  which  has  always  actuated  the 
Representatives  of  my  People. 

I  congratulate  you  upon  the  increasing  development  of  the 
resources  of  my  Kingdom,  and  I  trust  that  your  legislation  will 
aid  in  this  great  purpose,  and  contribute  to  the  general  pros- 
perity. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  in  taking  leave  of  you,  and,  as  I 
announce  the  prorogation  of  this  Session  of  the  Legislature,  it  is 
my  painful  duty  to  inform  you  of  the  dangerous  illness  of  Our 
Son,  the  Prince  of  Hawaii,  which  has  put  Our  House  in  sorrow. 
He  is  the  Son  of  the  Nation,  and  the  hearts  of  the  People,  we 
doubt  not,  will  be  touched  like  Our  Own.  We  trust  in  a  Merci- 
ful God  to  restore  him,  if,  in  His  wisdom  it  is  best,  and  to  sus- 
tain us  in  this  our  hour  of  trial. 


88 
CONSTITUTION. 

Granted  by  His  Majesty  Kamehameha  V,  by  the  Grace  of 
God,  King  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  on  the  Twentieth 
Day  of  August,  A.  D.  1864. 

Article  1.  God  hath  endowed  all  men  with  certain  inalien- 
able rights ;  among  which  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  right  of  ac- 
quiring, possessing,  and  protecting  property,  and  of  pursuing 
and  obtaining  safety  and  happiness. 

Article  2.  All  men  are  free  to  worship  God  according  to 
the  dictates  of  their  own  conscience ;  but  this  sacred  privilege 
hereby  secured,  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  justify  acts  of 
licentiousness,  or  practices  inconsistent  with  the  peace  or  safety 
of  the  Kingdom. 

Article  3.  All  men  may  freely  speak,  write,  and  publish 
their  sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  responsible  for  the  abuse 
of  that  right,  and  no  law  shall  be  enacted  to  restrain  the  liberty 
of  speech,  or  of  the  press,  except  such  laws  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  protection  of  His  Majesty  the  King  and  the  Royal 
Family. 

Article  4.  All  men  shall  have  the  right,  in  an  orderly  and 
peaceable  manner,  to  assemble,  without  arms,  to  consult  upon 
the  common  good,  and  to  petition  the  King  or  Legislative  As- 
sembly for  redress  of  grievances. 

Article  5.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  be- 
longs to  all  men,  and  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  by  the  King, 
when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  shall 
require  its  suspension. 

Article  6.  No  person  shall  be  subject  to  punishment  for 
any  ofifense,  except  on  due  and  legal  conviction  thereof,  in  a 
Court  having  jurisdiction  of  the  case. 

Article  7.  No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  any  crime 
or  offense  (except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  or  for  offenses  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  a  Police  or  District  Justice,  or  in  summary 
proceedings  for  contempt),  unless  upon  indictment,  fully  and 
plainly  describing  such  crime  or  oft'ense,  and  he  shall  have  the 
right  to  meet  the  witnesses  who  are  produced  against  him  face 
to  face ;  to  produce  witnesses  and  proofs  in  his  own  favor ;  and 
by  himself  or  his  counsel,  at  his  election,  to  examine  the  wit- 
nesses produced  by  himself,  and  cross-examine  those  produced 
against  him,  and  to  be  fully  heard  in  his  defense.  In  all  cases 
in  which  the  right  of  trial  by  Jury  has  been  heretofore  used,  it 
shall  be  held  inviolable  forever,  except  in  actions  of  debt  or 
assumpsit  in  which  the  amount  claimed  is  less  than  Fifty  Dollars. 

Article  8.  No  person  shall  be  required  to  answer  again  for 
an  offense,  of  which  he  has  been  dulv  convicted,  or  of  which 


89 

he  has  been  duly  acquitted  upon  a  good  and  sufficient  indict- 
ment. 

Article  9.  No  person  shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal 
case,  to  be  a  witness  against  himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  life, 
liberty,  or  property  without  due  process  of  law. 

Article  10.  No  person  shall  sit  as  a  judge  or  juror,  in  any 
case  in  which  his  relative  is  interested,  either  as  plaintiff  or  de- 
fendant, or  in  the  issue  of  which  the  said  judge  or  juror,  may 
have,  either  directly  or  through  a  relative,  any  pecuniary  in- 
terest. 

Article  11.  Involuntary  servitude,  except  for  crime,  is  for- 
ever prohibited  in  this  Kingdom ;  whenever  a  slave  shall  enter 
Hawaiian  Territory,  he  shall  be  free. 

Article  12.  Every  person  has  the  right  to  be  secure  from 
all  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures  of  his  person,  his  house, 
his  papers  and  effects ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  on  prob- 
able cause  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation  and  describing  the 
place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article  13.  The  King  conducts  His  Government  for  the 
common  good ;  and  not  for  the  profit,  honor,  or  private  interest 
of  any  one  man,  family,  or  class  of  men  among  His  subjects. 

Article  14.  Each  member  of  society  has  a  right  to  be  pro- 
tected by  it,  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  life,  liberty,  and  property, 
according  to  law ;  and,  therefore,  he  shall  be  obliged  to  contribute 
his  proportional  share  to  the  expenses  of  this  protection,  and 
to  give  his  personal  services,  or  an  ecjuivalent  when  necessary ; 
but  no  part  of  the  property  of  any  individual  shall  be  taken  from 
him,  or  applied  to  public  uses,  without  his  own  consent,  or  the 
enactment  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  except  the  same  shall  be 
necessary  for  the  military  operation  of  the  Kingdom  in  time  of 
war  or  insurrection ;  and  whenever  the  public  exigencies  may 
require  that  the  property  of  any  individual  should  be  appro- 
priated to  public  uses,  he  shall  receive  a  reasonable  compensation 
therefor. 

Article  15.  No  subsidy,  duty  or  tax  of  any  description 
shall  be  established  or  levied,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly ;  nor  shall  any  money  be  drawn  from  the  Public 
Treasury  without  such  consent,  except  when  between  the  session 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly  the  emergencies  of  war,  invasion, 
rebellion,  pestilence,  or  other  public  disaster  shall  arise,  and  then 
not  without  the  concurrence  of  all  the  Cabinet,  and  of  a  ma- 
jority of  the  whole  Privy  Council ;  and  the  Minister  of  Finance 
shall  render  a  detailed  account  of  such  expenditure  to  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly. 

Article   16.     No   Retrospective   Laws   shall   ever  be  enacted. 

Article  17.  The  Military  shall  always  be  subject  to  the 
laws  of  the  land;  and  no  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quar- 


90 

tered  iii  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner ;  nor  in  time 
of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature. 

Article  18.  Every  Elector  shall  be  privileged  from  arrest 
on  election  days  during  his  attendance  at  election,  and  in  going 
to  and  returning  therefrom,  except  in  cases  of  treason,  felony, 
or  breach  of  the  peace. 

Article  19.  No  Elector  shall  be  so  obliged  to  perform  mili- 
tary duty,  on  the  day  of  election,  as  to  prevent  his  voting ;  except 
in  time  of  war,  or  public  danger. 

Article  20.  The  Supreme  Power  of  the  Kingdom  in  its 
exercise,  is  divided  into  the  Executive,  Legislative,  and  Judicial ; 
these  shall  always  be  preserved  distinct,  and  no  Judge  of  a  Court 
of  Record  shall  ever  be  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

Article  21.  The  Government  of  this  Kingdom  is  that  of 
a  Constitutional  Monarchy,  under  His  Majesty  Kamehameha  V, 
His  Heirs  and  Successors. 

Article  22.  The  Crown  is  hereby  permanently  confirmed 
to  His  Majesty  Kamehameha  V,  and  to  the  Heirs  of  His  body 
lawfully  begotten,  and  to  their  lawful  Descendants  in  a  direct 
line ;  failing  whom,  the  Crown  shall  descend  to  Her  Royal  High- 
ness the  Princess  Victoria  Kamamalu  Kaahumanu,  and  the'  heirs 
of  her  body,  lawfully  begotten,  and  their  lawful  descendants  in 
a  direct  line.  The  Succession  shall  be  to  the  senior  male  child, 
and  to  the  heirs  of  his  body ;  failing  a  male  child,  the  succession 
shall  be  to  the  senior  female  child,  and  to  the  heirs  of  her  body. 
In  case  there  is  no  heir  as  above  provided,  then  the  successor 
shall  be  the  person  whom  the  Sovereign  shall  appoint  with  the 
consent  of  the  Nobles,  and  publicly  proclaim  as  such  during  the 
King's  life;  but  should  there  be  no  such  appointment  and  proc- 
lamation, and  the  Throne  should  become  vacant,  then  the  Cabinet 
Council,  immediately  after  the  occurring  of  such  vacancy,  shall 
cause  a  meeting  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  who  shall  elect  by 
ballot  some  native  Alii  of  the  Kingdom  as  Successor  to  the 
Throne ;  and  the  Successor  so  elected  shall  become  a  new  Stirps 
for  a  Royal  Family ;  and  the  succession  from  the  Sovereign  thus 
elected,  shall  be  regulated  by  the  same  law  as  the  present  Royal 
Family  of  Hawaii. 

Article  23.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  member  of  the 
Royal  Family  of  Hawaii  who  may  by  Law  succeed  to  the  Throne, 
to  contract  Marriage  without  the  consent  of  the  Reigning  Sov- 
ereign. Every  Marriage  so  contracted  shall  be  void,  and  the 
person  so  contracting  a  Marriage,  may,  by  the  Proclamation  of 
the  Reigning  Sovereign,  be  declared  to  have  forfeited  His  or  Her 
right  to  the  Throne,  and  after  such  Proclamation,  the  Right  of 
Succession  shall  vest  in  the  next  Heir  as  though  such  offender 
were  Dead. 

Article  24.  His  Majesty  Kamehameha  V,.  will,  and  His 
Successors  upon  coming  to  the  Throne,  shall  take  the  following 


91 

oath :  I  solemnly  swear  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God,  to 
maintain  the  Constitution  of  the  Kingdom  whole  and  inviolate, 
and  to  govern  in  conformity  therewith. 

Article  25.  No  person  shall  ever  sit  upon  the  Throne,  who 
has  been  convicted  of  any  infamous  crime,  or  who  is  insane,  or 
an  idiot. 

Article  26.  The  King  is  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Army  and  Navy,  and  of  all  other  Military  Forces  of  the  King- 
dom, by  sea  and  land ;  and  has  full  power  by  Himself,  or  by  any 
officer  or  officers  He  may  appoint,  to  train  and  govern  such 
forces,  and  He  may  judge  best  for  the  defence  and  safety  of  the 
Kingdom.  But  he  shall  never  proclaim  war  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

Article  27.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy 
Council,  has  the  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons,  after 
conviction,  for  all  offences,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

Article  28.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy 
Council,  convenes  the  Legislative  Assembly  at  the  seat  of  Gov- 
ernment, or  at  a  different  place,  if  that  should  become  dangerous 
from  an  enemy  or  any  dangerous  disorder ;  and  in  case  of  dis- 
agreement between  His  Majesty  and  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
he  adjourns,  prorogues,  or  dissolves  it,  but  not  beyond  the  next 
ordinary  Session ;  under  any  great  emergency,  he  may  convene 
the  Legislative  Assembly  to  extraordinary  Sessions. 

Article  29.  The  King  has  the  power  to  make  Treaties. 
Treaties  involving  changes  in  the  Tariff  or  in  any  law  of  the 
Kingdom  shall  be  referred  for  approval  to  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly. The  King  appoints  Public  Ministers,  w^ho  shall  be  com- 
missioned, accredited,  and  instructed  agreeably  to  the  usage  and 
law  of  Nations. 

Article  30.  It  is  the  King's  Prerogative  to  receive  and  ac- 
knowledge Public  Ministers ;  to  inform  the  Legislatvie  Assembly 
by  Royal  Message,  from  time  to  time,  of  the  state  of  the  King- 
dom, and  to  recommend  to  its  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient. 

Article  3L  The  person  of  the  King  is  inviolable  and  sacred. 
His  Ministers  are  responsible.  To  the  King  belongs  the  Execu- 
tive power.  All  laws  that  have  passed  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
shall  rec]uire  His  Majesty's  signature  in  order  to  their  validity. 

Article  32.  Whenever,  upon  the  decease  of  the  Reigning 
Sovereign,  the  Heir  shall  be  less  than  eighteen  years  of  age,  the 
Royal  Power  shall  be  exercised  by  a  Regent  or  Council  of 
Regency,  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Article  33.  It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  King  at  any  time 
when  he  may  be  about  to  absent  himself  from  the  Kingdom,  to 
appoint  a  Regent  or  Council  of  Regency,  who  shall  administer 
the  Government  in  His  name;  and  likewise  the  King  may,  by 


92 

His  last  Will  and  Testament,  appoint  a  Regent  or  Council  of 
Regency  to  administer  the  Government  during  the  minority  of 
any  Heir  to  the  Throne ;  and  should  a  Sovereign  decease,  leaving 
a  Minor  Heir,  and  having  made  no  last  Will  and  Testament,  the 
Cabinet  Council  at  the  time  of  such  decease  shall  be  a  Council  of 
Regency,  until  the  Legislative  Assembly,  which  shall  be  called 
immediately,  may  be  assembled,  and  the  Legislative  Assembly  im- 
mediately that  it  is  assembled  shall  proceed  to  choose  by  ballot, 
a  Regent  or  Council  of  Regency,  who  shall  administer  the  Gov- 
ernment in  the  name  of  the  King,  and  exercise  all  the  Powers 
which  are  Constitutionally  vested  in  the  King,  until  he  shall  have 
attained  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  which  age  is  declared  to  be 
the  Legal  Majority  of  such  Sovereign. 

Article  34.  The  King  is  Sovereign  of  all  the  Chiefs  and  of 
all  the  People ;  the  Kingdom  is  His. 

Article  35.  All  Titles  of  Honor,  Orders,  and  other  distinc- 
tions, emanate  from  the  King. 

Article  36.  The  King  coins  money,  and  regulates  the  cur- 
rency by  law. 

Article  37.  The  King,  in  case  of  invasion  or  rebellion,  can 
place  the  whole  Kingdom  or  any  part  of  it  under  martial  law. 

Article  38.  The  National  Ensign  shall  not  be  changed,  ex- 
cept by  Act  of  the  Legislature. 

Article  39.  The  King's  private  lands  and  other  property  are 
inviolable. 

Article  40.  The  King  cannot  be  sued  or  held  to  account  in 
any  Court  or  Tribunal  of  the  Realm. 

Article  41.  There  shall  continue  to  be  a  Council  of  State, 
for  advising  the  King  in  all  matters  for  the  good  of  the  State, 
wherein  He  may  require  its  advice,  and  for  assisting  him  in  ad- 
ministering the  Executive  affairs  of  the  Government,  in  such 
manner  as  he  may  direct ;  which  Council  shall  be  called  the 
King's  Privy  Council  of  State,  and  the  members  thereof  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  King,  to  hold  office  during  His  Majesty's 
pleasure. 

Article  42.  The  King's  Cabinet  shall  consist  of  the  Minister 
of  Foreign  Aft'airs,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  the  Minister  of 
Finance,  and  the  Attorney  General  of  the  Kingdom,  and  these 
shall  be  His  Majesty's  Special  Advisers  in  the  Executive  affairs 
of  the  Kingdom ;  and  they  shall  be  ex  officio  Members  of  His 
Majesty's  Privy  Council  of  State.  They  shall  be  appointed  and 
commissioned  by  the  King,  and  hold  office  during  His  Majesty's 
pleasure,  subject  to  impeachment.  No  act  of  the  King  shall 
have  any  eft'ect  unless  it  be  countersigned  by  a  Minister,  who  by 
that  signature  makes  himself  responsible. 

Article  43.  Each  member  of  the  King's  Cabinet  shall  keep 
an  office  at  the  seat  of  Government,  and  shall  be  accountable  for 


93 

the  conduct  of  his  deputies  and  clerks.  The  Ministry  hold  seats 
ex  officio,  as  Nobles,  in  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

Article  44.  The  Minister  of  Finance  shall  present  to  the 
Legislative  Assembly  in  the  name  of  the  Government,  on  the 
first  dav  of  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  the  Financial  Budget, 
in  the  Hawaiian  and  English  languages. 

Article  45.  The  Legislative  power  of  the  Three  Estates  of 
this  Kingdom  is  vested  in  the  King,  and  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly ;  which  Assembly  shall  consist  of  the  Nobles  appointed  by 
the  King,  and  of  the  Representatives  of  the  People,  sitting  to- 
gether. 

Article  46.  The  Legislative  Body  shall  assemble  biennially, 
in  the  month  of  April,  and  at  such  otligr  time  as  the  King  may 
judge  necessary,  for  the  purpose  of  seeking  the  welfare  of  the 
Nation.  This  Body  shall  be  styled  the  Legislature  of  the  Ha- 
waiian Kingdom. 

Article  47.  Every  member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  shall 
take  the  following  oath :  I  most  solemnly  swear,  in  the  presence 
of  Almighty  God,  that  I  will  faithfully  support  the  Constitution 
of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  and  conscientiously  and  impartially 
discharge  my  duties  as  a  member  of  this  Assembly. 

Article  48.  The  Legislature  has  full  power  and  authority  to 
amend  the  Constitution  as  herinafter  provided;  and  from  time  to 
time  to  make  all  manner  of  wholesome  laws,  not  repugnant  to 
the  provisions  of  the  Constitution. 

Article  49.  The  King  shall  signify  His  approval  of  any  Bill 
or  Resolution,  which  shall  have  passed  the  Legislative  Assembly, 
by  signing  the  same  previous  to  the  final  rising  of  the  Legislature. 
But  if  he  shall  object  to  the  passing  of  such  Bill  or  Resolution, 
He  will  return  it  to  the  Legislative  Assembly,  who  shall  enter 
the  fact  of  such  return  on  its  journal,  and  such  Bill  or  Resolu- 
tion shall  not  be  brought  forward  thereafter  during  the  same 
session. 

Article  50.  The  Legislative  Assembly  shall  be  the  judge  of 
the  qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  shall  con- 
stitute a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may 
adjourn  from  day  to  day.  and  compel  the  attendance  of  absent 
members,  in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  the  As- 
sembly may  provide. 

Article  5L  The  Legislative  Assembly  shall  choose  its  own 
officers  and  determine  the  Rtiles  of  its  own  proceedings. 

Article  52.  The  Legislative  Assembly  shall  have  authority 
to  punish  by  imprisonment,  not  exceeding  thirty  days,  every 
person,  not  a  member,  who  shall  be  guilty  of  disrespect  to  the 
Assembly,  by  any  disorderly  or  contemptuous  behavior  in  its 
presence ;  or  who,  during  the  time  of  its  sitting,  shall  publish  any 
false  report  of  its  proceedings,  or  insulting  comments  upon  the 
same ;  or  who  shall  threaten  harm  to  the  body  or  estate  of  any 


94 

of  its  members,  for  anything  said  or  done  in  the  Assembly;  or 
who  shall  assault  any  of  them  therefor,  or  who  shall  assault  or 
arrest  any  witness,  or  other  person  ordered  to  attend  the  Assem- 
bly, in  his  way  going  or  returning;  or  who  shall  rescue  any  per- 
son arrested  by  order  of  the  Assembly. 

Article  53.  The  Legislative  Assembly  may  punish  its  own 
members  for  disorderly  behavior. 

Article  54.  The  Legislative  Assembly  shall  keep  a  journal 
of  its  proceedings ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members,  on  any 
question,  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  en- 
tered on  the  journal. 

Article  55.  The  Members  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  shall, 
in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be 
privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  Sessions  of 
the  Legislature,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same; 
and  they  shall  not  be  held  to  answer  for  any  speech  or  debate 
made  in  the  Assembly,  in  any  other  Court  or  place  w^hatsoever. 

Article  56.  The  Representatives  shall  receive  for  their  ser- 
vices a  compensation  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of 
the  Public  Treasury,  but  no  increase  of  compensation  shall  take 
effect  during  the  year  in  which  it  shall  have  been  made ;  and  no 
law  shall  be  passed,  increasing  the  compensation  of  said  Repre- 
sentatives beyond  the  sum  of  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Dollars 
for  each  session. 

Article  57.  The  King  appoints  the  Nobles,  who  shall  hold 
their  appointments  during  life,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Article 
53 ;  but  their  number  shall  not  exceed  twenty. 

Article  58.  No  person  shall  be  appointed  a  Noble  who  shall 
not  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  resided  in  the 
Kingdom  five  years. 

Article  59.  The  Nobles  shall  be  a  Court,  with  full  and  sole 
authority  to  hear  and  determine  all  impeachments  made  by  the 
Representatives,  as  the  Grand  Inquest  of  the  Kingdom,  against 
any  officers  of  the  Kingdom,  for  misconduct  or  maladministra- 
tion in  their  offices ;  but  previous  to  the  trial  of  every  impeach- 
ment the  Nobles  shall  respectively  be  sworn,  truly  and  impar- 
tially to  try  and  determine  the  charge  in  question,  according  to 
evidence  and  the  law.  Their  judgment,  however,  shall  not  extend 
further  than  to  removal  from  office  and  disqualification  to  hold 
or  enjoy  any  place  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit,  under  this  Govern- 
ment; but  the  party  so  convicted  shall  be,  neverthelss,  liable  to 
indictment,  trial,  judgment  and  punishment  according  to  the  laws 
of  the  land.  No  Minister  shall  sit  as  a  Noble  on  the  trial  of  any 
impeachment. 

Article  60.  The  Representation  of  the  People  shall  be  based 
upon  the  principle  of  equality,  and  shall  be  regulated  and  appor- 
tioned by  the  Legislature  according  to  the  population,  to  be  ascer- 
tained, from  time  to  time,  by  the  official  census.     The  Represen- 


95 

tatives  shall  not  be  less  in  number  than  twenty-four,  nor  more 
than  forty,  who  shall  be  elected  biennially. 

Article  61.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  for  a  Representa- 
tive of  the  People,  who  is  insane  or  an  idiot;  nor  unless  he' be 
a  male  subject  of  the  Kingdom,  who  shall  have  arrived  at  the 
full  age  of  Twenty-One  years — who  shall  know  how  to  read  and 
write — who  shall  understand  accounts — and  shall  have  been  do- 
miciled in  the  Kingdom  for  at  least  three  years,  the  last  of  which 
shall  be  the  year  immediately  preceding  his  election ;  and  who  shall 
own  Real  Estate,  within  the  Kingdom,  of  a  clear  value,  over  and 
above  all  incumbrances,  of  at  least  Five  Hundred  Dollars ;  or  who 
shall  have  an  annual  income  of  at  least  Two  Hundred  and  Fifty 
Dollars,  derived  from  any  property,  or  some  lawful  employment. 
Article  62.  Every  male  subject  of  the  Kingdom,  who  shall 
have  paid  his  taxes,  who  shall  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty 
years,  and  shall  have  been  domiciled  in  the  Kingdom  for  one 
year  immediately  preceding  the  election ;  and  shall  be  possessed 
of  Real  Property  in  this  Kingdom,  to  the  value  over  and  above 
all  incumbrances  of  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Dollars — or  of  a 
Lease-hold  property  on  wdiich  the  rent  is  Twenty-five  Dollars 
per  year — or  of  an  income  of  not  less  than  Seventy-five  Dollars 
per  year,  derived  from  any  property  or  some  lawful  employment, 
and  shall  know  how  to  read  and  write,  if  born  since  the  year 
1840,  and  shall  have  caused  his  name  to  be  entered  on  the  list  of 
voters  of  his  District  as  may  be  provided  by  law,  shall  be  entitled 
to  one  vote  for  the  Representative  or  Representatives  of  that 
District.  Provided,  hozcevcr,  that  no  insane  or  idiotic  person, 
nor  any  person  who  shall  have  been  convicted  of  any  infamous 
crime  within  this  Kingdom,  unless  he  shall  have  been  pardoned 
by  the  King,  and  by  the  terms  of  such  pardon  have  been  re- 
stored to  all  the  rights  of  a  subject,  shall  be  allowed  to  vote. 

Article  63.  The  property  qualifications  of  the  Representa- 
tives of  the  People,  and  of  the  Electors,  may  be  increased  by 
law. 

Article  64.  The  Judicial  Power  of  the  Kingdom  shall  be 
vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  Inferior  Courts  as  the 
Legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  establish. 

Article  65.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  of  a  Chief 
Justice,  and  not  less  than  two  Associate  Justices,  any  of  whom 
may  hold  the  Court.  The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  subject  to  removal  upon 
impeachment,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  their  ser- 
vices a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their 
continuance  in  office.  Provided,  hoivever,  that  any  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  or  any  other  Court  of  Record  may  be  removed 
from  office,  on  a  resolution  passed  by  two-thirds  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly,  for  good  cause  shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
King.     The  Judge  against  whom  the  Legislative  Assembly  may 


96 

be  about  to  proceed,  shall  receive  notice  thereof,  accompanied 
by  a  copy  of  the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal,  at  least  ten  days 
before  the  day  on  which  the  Legislative  Assembly  shall  act 
theron.     He  shall  be  heard  before  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

Article  66.  The  Judicial  Power  shall  be  divided  among 
the  Supreme  Court  and  the  several  Inferior  Courts  of  the  King- 
dom, in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may,  from  time  to  time, 
prescribe,  and  the  tenure  of  office  in  the  Liferior  Courts  of  the 
Kingdom  shall  be  such  as  may  be  defined  by  the  law  creating 
them. 

Article  67.  The  Judicial  Power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in 
law  and  equity,  arising  under  the  Constitution  and  laws,  of  this 
Kingdom,  and  Treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made  under 
their  authority,  to  all  cases  aifecting  Public  Ministers  and  Con- 
suls, and  to  all  cases  of  Admiralty  and  Maritime  jurisdiction. 

Article  68.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
be  the  Chancellor  of  the  Kingdom ;  he  shall  be  ex  officio  Presi- 
dent of  the  Nobles  in  all  cases  of  impeachment,  unless  when  im- 
peached himself;  and  exercise  such  jurisdiction  in  equity  or 
other  cases  as  the  law  may  confer  upon  him ;  his  decisions  being 
subject,  however,  to  the  revision  of  the  Supreme  Court  on  ap- 
peal. Should  the  Chief  Justice  ever  be  impeached,  some  person 
specially  commissioned  by  the  King  shall  be  President  of  the 
Court  of  Impeachment  during  such  trial. 

Article  69.  The  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  when  made 
by  a  majority  of  the  Justices  thereof,  shall  be  final  and  conclu- 
sive upon  all  parties. 

Article  70.  The  King,  His  Cabinet,  and  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly, shall  have  authority  to  require  the  opinions  of  the  Jus- 
tices of  the  Supreme  Court,  upon  important  questions  of  law,  and 
upon  solemn  occa"sions. 

Article  71.  The  King  appoints  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  all  other  Judges  of  Courts  of  Record ;  their  salaries 
are  fixed  by  law. 

Article  72.  No  judge  or  Magistrate  can  sit  alone  on  an 
appeal  or  new  trial,  in  any  case  on  which  he  may  have  given  a 
previous  judgment. 

Article  73.  No  person  shall  ever  hold  any  officer  of  Honor, 
Trust,  or  Profit  under  the  Government  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
who  shall,  in  due  course  of  law,  have  been  convicted  of  Theft, 
Bribery,  Perjury,  Forgery,  Embezzlement,  or  other  high  crime 
or  misdemeanor,  unless  he  shall  have  been  pardoned  by  the 
King,  and  restored  to  his  Civil  Rights,  and  by  the  express  terms 
of  his  pardon,  declared  to  be  appointable  to  offices  of  Trust, 
Honor,  and  Profit. 

Article  74.  No  officer  of  this  Government  shall  hold  any 
office,  or  receive  any  salary  from  any  other  Government  or 
Power  whatever. 


97 

Article  7S.  The  Legislature  votes  the  Appropriations  bien- 
nally,  after  clue  consideration  of  the  revenue  and  expenditure 
for  the  two  preceding  years,  and  the  estimates  of  the  revenue 
and  expenditure  of  the  two  succeeding  years,  which  shall  be 
submitted  to  them  by  the  Minister  of  Finance. 

Article  76.  The  enacting  style  in  making  and  passing  all 
Acts  and  Laws  shall  be,  "Be  it  enacted  by  the  King,  and  the 
Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  in  the  Legislature 
of  the  Kingdom  assembled." 

Article  77.  To  avoid  improper  influences  which  may  result 
from  intermixing  in  one  and  the  same  Act,  such  things  as  have 
no  proper  relation  to  each  other,  every  law  shall  embrace  but  one 
object,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  its  title. 

Article  78.  All  laws  now  in  force  in  this  Kingdom,  shall 
continue  and  remain  in  full  effect,  until  altered  or  repealed  by 
the  Legislature ;  such  parts  only  excepted  as  are  repugnant  to 
this  Constitution.  All  laws  heretofore  enacted,  or  that  may 
hereafter  be  enacted,  which  are  contrary  to  this  Constitution, 
shall  be  null  and  void. 

Article  79.  This  Constitution  shall  be  in  force  from  the 
Twentieth  day  of  August  in  the  year  One  Thousand  Eight  Hun- 
dred and  Sixty-four,  but  that  there  may  be  no  failure  of  justice, 
or  inconvenience  to  the  Kingdom,  from  any  change,  all  officers 
of  this  Kingdom,  at  the  time  this  Constitution  shall  take  effect, 
shall  have,  hold,  and  exercise  all  the  power  to  them  granted, 
until  other  persons  shall  be  appointed  in  their  stead. 

Article  80.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Con- 
stitution may  be  proposed  in  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  if 
the  same  shall  be  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  thereof, 
such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  entered  on  its 
journal,  with  the  yeas  and  nays  taken  thereon,  and  referred  to 
the  next  Legislature ;  which  proposed  amendment  or  amendments 
shall  be  published  for  three  months  previous  to  the  next  election 
of  Representatives ;  and  if  in  the  next  Legislature  such  proposed 
amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  agreed  to  by  two-thirds  of 
all  the  members  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  be  approved  by 
the  King,  such  amendment  or  amendments  shall  become  part  of 
the  Constitution   of  this   country. 

KAMEHAMEHA  R. 


98 

AMENDMENT  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

AN  ACT  TO  Amend  the  Constitution  Granted  by  His  Maj- 
esty Kamehameha  V  ON  the  20th  Day  of  August,  1864, 
Proposed  in  Accordance  with  Article  80  of  the  Con- 
stitution. 
Be  it  Enacted  by  the  King  and  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the 
Haivaiian  Islands,  in   the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  as- 
sembled: 
That  Article  56  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  amended  by  strik- 
ing out  the  words  "one  hundred  and  fifty,"  and  inserting  in  the 
place  therof,   the   words  "two   hundred   and   fifty,"   so   that  the 
article  as  amended  shall  read  as  follows : 

"The  Representatives  shall  receive  for  their  services,  a  com- 
pensation, to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  public 
Treasury;  but  no  increase  of  compensation  shall  take  efl^ect  dur- 
ing the  year  in  which  it  shall  have  been  made ;  and  no  law  shall 
be  passed,  increasing  the  compensation  of  said  Representatives 
beyond  the  sum  of  "two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  for  each  ses- 
sion." 

Approved  this  13th  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1868. 

KAMEHAMEHA  R. 


99 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE  OF  1864. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

God's  hand  has  been  heavy  upon  Our  country  since  the  meeting 
of  the  Legislature  of  1862.  My  beloved  Brother  has  been  taken 
from  the  Throne  I  now  occupy,  to  wear,  as  We  believe,  an  im- 
mortal crown.  His  Son  and  Heir  having  gone  before  Him  only  a 
few  months,  after  being  baptized  and  admitted  into  the  Church, 
to  the  great  satisfaction  of  My  Family,  and  I  may  say  of  the 
Nation  at  large,  under  the  sponsorship  of  that  illustrious  Lady 
whose  virtues  have  added  a  new  lustre  to  the  English  Throne. 

Seeing  before  Me,  as  I  now  do,  so  many  gentlemen  of  proved 
loyalty  and  unquestionable  talents,  and  all  interested  in  the  pros- 
perity of  Our  Common  country,  I  cannot  but  offer  you  an  earnest 
welcome  as  members  of  the  first  Legislative  x\ssembly,  called 
together  under  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  which  I  caused 
to  be  proclaimed  on  the  twentieth  day  of  last  August. 

The  debates  which  were  lately  had  in  this  place,  resulted  in 
much  good.  The  principles  upon  which  the  Throne  and  the  po- 
litical system  of  this  country  are  based  were  fully  discussed  for 
the  first  time,  and  My  people  have,  as  a  consequence,  been  con- 
firmed in  their  belief  that  a  Monarchical  Government  holds  out 
to  them  the  only  guarantee  of  a  permanent  independence.  In 
calling  a  National  Convention,  I  was  influenced  by  a  firm  con- 
viction of  its  being  necessary  that  the  system  under  which  a 
people  lives  should  be  strictly  adapted  to  its  genius  and  tradi- 
tions. The  Constitution  granted  by  King  Kamehameha  III,  in 
1852,  had  undergone  several  amendments,  and  other  changes  had 
been  proposed  but  remained  in  abeyance.  That  Instrument  con- 
tinued, in  many  important  respects,  to  want  the  adaptedness  to 
which  I  refer.  The  right  to  the  Throne  of  this  country,  originally 
acquired  by  conquest  and  birth,  belongs  hereditarily  to  the  fam- 
ily of  Kamehameha  I.  The  Constitution  of  1852,  by  its  ninety- 
fourth  article,  left  the  heir  to  the  Throne  free  to  take  an  oath  to 
support  that  Constitution  or  to  decline  to  do  so ;  and  its  forty- 
fifth  article  reserved  to  the  Sovereign  the  right  to  conduct  person- 
ally, in  cooperation  with  the  Kuhina  Nui,  but  without  the  inter- 
vention of  a  Ministry  or  the  approval  of  the  Legislature,  such 
portions  of  the  public  business  as  he  might  choose  to  undertake. 
These  anomalous  provisions  appeared  to  me  to  need  alteration — 
for  such,  as  I  have  stated  it,  was  the  construction  always  given 
during  the  late  reign  to  those  two  articles ;  and  that  they  were  also 
so  understood  by  King  Kamehameha  III,  could  be  proved  by 
abundant  evidence.  Indeed,  he  would  not  have  signed  the  instru- 
ment unless  he  had  been  assured  that  such  was  the  intent  and 


100 

meaning  of  the  forty-fifth  article.  By  the  authority  inherent  in 
myself,  I  called  the  late  Convention  to  remodel  the  Constitution, 
and  the  powers  belonging  to  such  a  Convention  have  never  been 
disputed.  On  the  contrary,  this  right  of  revision  by  such  a 
method  had  been  distinctly  referred  to  by  my  Predecessor  in  his 
speech  from  the  Throne,  delivered  on  the  second  day  of  April, 
1859.  But  the  Convention,  when  assembled,  was  found  to  con- 
tain elements  antagonistic  to  those  very  ideas  of  improvement 
which  I  had  hoped  they  would  have  assisted  me  in  carrying  out. 
On  the  thirteenth  day  of  August  I  dissolved  that  Convention, 
and  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the  same  month,  by  virtue  of  the 
same  sovereign  power  which  was  exercised  by  King  Kamehameha 
III,  in  1852,  I  caused  to  be  proclaimed  a  new  Constitution,  which 
I  believe  to  be  better  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  people.  Under 
this  Constitution  you  are  now  assembled.  The  changes  made 
were  recommended  by  the  experience  of  twelve  years,  and  a  pro- 
vision for  further  changes  leaves  open  a  door  for  any  other  im- 
provements that  the  future  may  suggest.  I  here  repeat  what  I 
said  on  the  thirteenth  of  August^  that  when  the  people,  through 
their  Representatives,  shall  express  a  desire  to  meet  me  in  such  a 
convention  as  the  one  then  dissolved,  I  shall  cheerfully  accede  to 
their  wishes. 

I  do  not  claim  that  the  existing  Constitution  is  not  susceptible 
of  improvement,  but  I  do  assert  that  it  was  framed  with  great 
care,  and  that  even  its  least  important  provisions  were  subjected 
to  long  and  patient  consideration,  while  by  the  terms  of  its 
twenty- fourth  article  it  has  become  imperative  upon  my  succes- 
sors, at  their  accession,  to  take  an  oath  to  observe  it. 

The  intense  affliction  into  which  the  Queen,  Emma,  has  been 
plunged  by  the  successive  deaths  of  her  only  Son  and  her  Hus- 
l3and,  entitles  her  to  the  greatest  sympathy.  It  is  not  for  me  to  urge 
how  far  her  benevolence  and  her  affliction  have  endeared  her  to 
the  people.  I  cannot  forbear,  however,  from  suggesting  whether 
a  lady,  whose  virtues  have  rendered  her  the  pride  of  her  country, 
should  not  be  permanently  provided  for  by  the  nation. 

I  would  also  direct  your  attention  to  the  circumstances  of  His 
Royal  Highness  Kekuanaoa.  His  life  has  been  devoted  to  the 
public  service.  He  has  often  been  placed  in  situations  of  such 
difficulty  as  we,  of  this  day,  I  am  thankful  to  say,  seldom  encoun- 
ter. His  age  calls  for  repose,  and  his  past  services  seem  to 
demand  the  gratitude  of  those  who  have  benefited  by  the  labors 
of  the  prime  of  his  life. 

Our  relations  with  other  countries  were  never  on  a  more  sat- 
isfactory footing  than  at  this  moment,  and  I  continue  to  receive 
from  all  quarters  the  most  gratifying  expressions  of  good  will 
and  amity,  coupled  with  evidences  of  strong  interest  in  the  per- 
petuity of  my  Dynasty  and  the  Independence  of  my  Kingdom. 


101 

Since  the  Session  of  1862,  Treaties  of  Ainity  and  Commerce  have 
been  negotiated  and  completed  between  this  country  and  the 
Kingdoms  of  Holland  and  Belgium,  and  Treaties  of  a  similar 
character  have  been  negotiated  with  the  Queen  of  Spain  and  the 
King  of  Italy.  In  the  case  of  these  latter,  however,  some  for- 
malities have  yet  to  be  complied  with. 

An  important  mission  has  been  confided  to  the  Hon.  E.  H. 
Allen,  Chancellor  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Kingdom,  whom  I 
have  accredited  my  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary to  the  United  States.  I  am  satisfied  that  he  will  do  his 
utmost  to  promote  our  interests,  and  secure  the  objects  of  his 
mission. 

Sir  John  Bowring  still  continues  to  be  entrusted  with  the  im- 
portant objects  committed  to  his  care,  and  from  his  long  expe- 
rience in  public  business,  and  the  ready  access  which  is  accorded 
to  him  in  all  the  European  Courts,  it  is  hardly  to  be  supposed  but 
that  to  the  already  valuable  services  which  he  has  rendered, 
others  equally  important  will  be  added. 

The  favorable  report  and  estimates  of  my  Minister  of  Fi- 
nance are  proper  subjects  of  congratulation.  By  them  you  will 
see  that  the  Finances  are  in  a  satisfactory  condition,  and  that 
there  will  be  no  further  calls  for  loans,  or  for  increased  taxa- 
tion, to  meet  the  present  exigencies  of  Government,  which  will 
continue  to  be  conducted  with  all  possible  regard  to  a  reasonable 
economy.  Our  exports  likewise  have  begun  to  bear  a  more  sat- 
isfactory comparison  with  our  imports. 

Justice  has  continued  to  be  administered  during  the  last  two 
years  in  an  impartial  manner  to  all  classes,  so  that  not  only  our 
own  subjects,  but  those  foreigners  who  are  residents  among  us, 
or  visit  our  shores,  find  the  utmost  security  for  life,  right  and 
property. 

Our  Agricultural  enterprises  have  been  urged  forward  with 
such  energy  on  every  Island  of  the  group  as  to  render  the  im- 
portation of  laborers  necessary.  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  Gov- 
ernment is  the  proper  agent  to  carry  out  such  a  measure,  and 
that  means  ought  to  be  placed  at  its  disposal  to  undertake  it 
promptly.  The  wants  of  our  agriculture,  the  dictates  of  human- 
ity and  the  preservation  of  our  race  demand  that  the  Govern- 
ment should  control  this  operation.  An  Act  to  this  efifect  will 
be  submitted  to  you,  together  with  amendments  to  the  Master 
and  Servant  Law.  Both  deserve  and  will  doubtless  have  your 
earnest  attention. 

The  Sanitary  condition  of  the  people,  and  the  proper  means  to 
improve  it,  have  occupied  an  important  place  in  the  deliberations 
of  my  Council.  This  object,  the  nearest  to  my  heart,  demands 
your   diligent   attention,   and,   I   trust,   the  measures   which   you 


102 

may  tPi'ink  pro-jcr  ro  sdopt  will  counteract  the  evils  which,  for 
years,  have  conspired  against  the  life  of  the  people. 

A  Bill  to  prevent  the  empirical  and  superstitious  practices  of 
a  set  of  imposters  will  be  introduced  during  the  course  of  the 
session.  I  trust  you  will  adopt  such  measures  as  may  tend  to 
check  further  tampering  with  human  life  by  abusing  the  belief 
of  my  subjects  in  pretended  supernatural  powers. 

No  subject  more  justly  claims  your  very  serious  attention 
than  that  of  our  Public  Schools,  in  the  management  of  which  the 
health  and  morality  of  the  rising  generation  should  receive  as 
much  consideration  as  the  efifort  to  impart  knowledge.  A  Refor- 
matory Industrial  School  for  young  persons  who  are  not  subject 
to,  or  who  disregard,  parental  authority,  is  very  much  needed, 
and  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  such  an  institution  will  be 
submitted  to  you. 

The  members  of  the  Board  of  Public  Instruction  will  submit 
to  you  the  views  they  respectively  entertain  upon  our  present 
system  of  education.  In  a  matter  of  such  importance  to  the 
country,  and  on  which  our  whole  future  advancement  rests,  I 
trust  you  will  act  with  that  deliberation  and  due  regard  to  the 
interests  of  the  mass  of  the  people,  without  which  no  systematic 
and  well  devised  plan  can  be  started  and  successfully  carried  out. 

The  increase  of  Leprosy  has  caused  me  much  anxiety,  and  is 
such  as  to  make  decisive  steps  imperative  upon  us.  My  Minister 
of  the  Interior  will  communicate  to  you  all  the  facts,  and  will 
propose  measures  to  prevent  the  spread  of  this  fearful  disease. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  enact  such  changes  in  the  Law  Regu- 
lating Elections  as  will  make  it  conform  to  the  requirements  of 
the  Constitution.  This  and  such  other  changes  as  it  is  thought 
will  be  necessary  to  reconcile  our  laws  to  the  Constitution  will 
be  submitted  to  you  by  the  members  of  my  Government. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  rely  upon  your  wisdom  and 
your  loyalty  to  strengthen  me  in  my  efforts  to  advance  the  good 
of  our  Common  Country,  and,  with  heartfelt  earnestness,  I  invoke 
upon  your  deliberations  the  blessings  of  the  Almighty.  May  He, 
in  His  infinite  goodness,  direct  you  so  that  all  things  may  be 
established  on  a  sure  foundation,  and  the  interest  and  happiness 
of  my  people  be  promoted. 


103 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAHAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 

Session  of  1864. 

Began  October  15,  1864.  Ended  January  10,  1865. 

Sat  72  Days. 


M. 


BISHOP,  C.  E. 
DOMIXIS,  J.  O. 
deVAEIGNY,   C* 
HOPKINS,  C.  G.* 
KAPAAKEA,  C. 
KALAKAUA,   D. 
KAMAKAU,  W.  P, 
KANOA,  P. 
LUNALILO,  W.  C. 


KEKUANAOA,   President. 

HAREIS,  C.  C. 


II,   JOHN. 
KAHANU,  H.  A. 
KAEO,  P.  Y. 
KANAINA,  C. 
KAPENA,  J. 
NAHAOLELUA, 
WYLLIE,  E.  C* 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


S.  N.  C 
BOYD,  EDWIN  H. 
HEUCK,  T.  C. 
KAHAI,  J. 
KAHALEWAI,   A.  M. 
KAHOOHALAHALA, 
KAMALO,  J.  H. 
KAUWAHI,  J.  W.  H 
KENUI,  C.  W. 
MAETIN,   W.    T. 
NAHINU,  D.  H. 
OPUPAHI,  J.  H. 
PAULO,   P. 
EHODES,  G. 


ASTLE,  rice-President. 

HELELUHE,  J.  H. 
KAAPA,  L. 
KAHALEAAHU,  J.  P. 
KAHANANUI,   M. 
KALANIPOO,  J.   M. 
KAUNAMANO,  J.  K. 
KEAWEHUNAHALA, 
KUIHELANI,  H. 
NAHAKU,  J.  A. 
NUUHIWA,  D. 
PAPAUA,  P. 
PII,  W.  E. 
UWELEALEA. 


E. 


J.  W. 


E.  H.  STANLEY,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


104 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  1864. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

The  labors  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  are  now  about  to  ter- 
minate. 

The  session  has  been  long,  but  it  has  been  marked  by  a  great 
unanimity  of  feeling,  and  many  laws  have  been  introduced  which 
I  believe  will  prove  highly  advantageous. 

The  experience  gained  during  the  course  of  the  session  proves 
that  I  was  not  mistaken  in  my  belief  that  the  union  of  the  Nobles 
and  Representatives  in  one  Legislative  Body,  including  the  Min- 
isters, would  tend  to  expedite  business.  The  Ministers  have  been 
brought  into  constant  contact  with  those  who  represent  the 
people  at  large,  and  have  had  an  opportunity  of  explaining  the 
policy  and  the  details  of  my  Government. 

I  return  to  you  my  heartfelt  thanks  for  the  feeling  of  love  and 
respect  you  have  evinced  towards  the  beloved  Consort  of  my  late 
Brother,  in  making  a  permanent  settlement  for  her. 

For  your  generosity  towards  my  Father  and  myself,  and  for 
your  love  and  loyalty  towards  me  and  mine,  I  thank  you. 

Your  labors  have  been  arduous  and  your  diligence  unremitted. 
You  have  taken,  in  my  opinion,  a  comprehensive  view  of  the 
wants  of  the  country.  The  sums  you  have  appropriated  to  give 
life  to  our  sanitary  and  reformatory  measures,  and  for  the  gen- 
eral purposes  of  carrying  on  my  Government,  have  been  liberal, 
but  I  am  happy  to  know  that  they  are  not  likely  to  exceed  our 
resources. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  your  task  is  ended,  not  mine ;  it 
will  be  my  duty  to  see  that  the  will  of  the  Legislature  be  carried 
out.  In  freeing  you  from  your  labors  here,  I  pray  that  the 
blessing  of  God  may  attend  you  to  your  homes,  and  that  you  may 
personally  enjoy  that  prosperity  which  you  have  labored  to  se- 
cure  for  your  country. 

And  T  now  declare  the  Legislative  Assembly  to  be  prorogued. 


105 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE  OF  1866. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  am  happy  to  meet  you  in  this  Hall,  where  you  have  gathered 
together  to  consult  upon  the  happiness  and  welfare  of  our  com- 
mon country. 

Relying  upon  your  wisdom  and  patriotism,  I  trust  that  the  re- 
sults of  your  deliberations  will  be  such  as  to  justify  the  confi- 
dence reposed  in  you  by  the  people,  as  well  as  by  myself. 

Since  the  meeting  of  the  last  Legislature  the  country  has  ex- 
perienced a  sad  loss  in  the  death  of  my  late  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  R.  C.  Wyllie.  That  faithful  and  devoted  friend  of  my 
people  and  of  my  Dynasty  has  passed  away,  but  not  before  it  had 
been  given  to  him  to  behold  that  increasing  prosperity  which  is 
the  natural  result  of  good  government. 

My  relations  with  Foreign  Powers  are  on  the  most  satisfac- 
tory footing,  and  I  have  continued  to  receive  from  them  the  most 
indubitable  proofs  of  their  friendship  and  amity. 

My  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  will  explain  to  you  the  rea- 
sons that  have  induced  me  to  discontinue  the  negotiation  of  a 
General  Politcal  Treaty  with  the  great  maritime  nations  of  the 
world.  The  assurances  so  far  received  from  them  satisfy  me 
that  my  Throne  and  our  Independence  may  safely  rest,  as  they  do, 
upon  our  moral  rights  and  the  sacred  obligations  of  our  Treaties. 

The  Finances  are  in  a  most  prosperous  condition.  A  large  sur- 
plus exists  in  the  Treasury,  and  our  income  exhibits  a  most  grati- 
fying increase.  The  Report  of  my  Minister  of  Finance  will 
inform  you  of  the  estimated  receipts  for  the  next  biennial  period, 
and  of  the  expenditures  contemplated.  The  sums  required  for 
the  internal  improvements  of  my  Kingdom  are  in  excess  of  those 
that  have  been  appropriated  for  the  preceding  years,  still  I  do 
not  consider  them  as  beyond  our  means.  A  plan  will  be  sub- 
mitted that  will  enable  my  Government  to  achieve  them,  by  ap- 
plying the  revenue  accruing  from  some  of  them  to  the  payment 
of  the  capital  and  interest  disbursed. 

I  recommend  to  your  earnest  attention  the  improvements  pro- 
posed for  Roads,  as  well  as  for  Harbors  and  Landings.  An 
increasing  commerce  requires  increased  facilites. 

My  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  inform  you  of  the  steps  taken 
to  arrest  the  spread  of  Leprosy.  The  energetic  measures  adopted 
by  the  Board  of  Health  have  been  attended  with  good  results, 
and  I  am  satisfied  that  the  important  duties  of  this  Bureau  have 
been  discharged  with  efficacy  and  promptness. 

The  Board  of  Immigration  have  no  less  actively  carried  out 
the  objects  intrusted  to  their  care.     The  immediate  wants  of  our 


106 

planters  and  farmers  have  been  relieved  at  a  less  cost  than  was 
anticipated.  I  have  every  reason  to  expect  the  most  favorable 
results  from  the  past  and  continued  efiforts  of  this  Board. 

The  fairness  and  impartiality  with  which  Justice  has  been  ad- 
ministered continue  to  give  to  my  subjects,  as  well  as  to  foreign- 
ers resident,  and  visiting  in  my  Kingdom,  all  guarantees  for  the 
safety  of  life  and  property. 

The  Report  of  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Education  will 
inform  you  of  the  measures  adopted  during  the  last  year,  and  of 
those  they  contemplate.  The  results  have  been  gratifying,  and 
I  congratulate  the  country  upon  the  improved  state  of  our  means 
of  education. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  with  heartfelt  thanks  to  the  Al- 
mighty Ruler  of  the  universe  for  His  many  blessings  upon  my 
people  and  myself,  I  now  intrust  to  your  deliberate  consideration 
the  measures  to  be  laid  before  you  by  my  Government.  The  re- 
markable progress  of  the  last  years,  and  your  well-known  zeal 
for  the  public  interests,  fill  me  with  the  hope  that  our  career  of 
prosperity  will,  through  our  joint  efiforts,  continue  uninterrupted. 

And  I  do  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


107 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 


Began  April  25. 


Session  of  1866. 

Sat  81  Days. 
M.  KEKUANAOA,  President. 


Ended  July  28. 


BISHOP,  C.  E. 
DOMINIS,  J.   0. 
HOPKINS,   C.   G. 
II,  JOHN. 
KAEO,  P.  Y. 
KALAKAUA,  D. 
KANAINA. 
KAPENA,  J. 
deVARIGNY,  C* 


HARRIS,  C.  C. 
HUTCHISON,  F.  W. 
KAPAAKEA,  C. 
KAHANU,  H.  A. 
KAMAKAU,   W.   P. 
KANOA,  P. 
LUNALILO,  W.  C. 
NAHAOLELUA.  P. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


G.  RHODES, 
AHOLO,  L. 
HART,    I.    K. 
HEUCK,  T.  C. 
HULUILI. 
KAAPA,  L. 
KAHULU,  N, 
KAMALO,  J.  H. 
KAUNAMANO,  J.  K. 
KELIIPIO,  L. 
KEPOIKAI,    N. 
NAHAKU,  J.  A. 
MOTT-SMITH,   J. 
WANA,  H.  J. 


Vice-President. 

BOYD,  E.  H. 
HELELUHE,  J.  H. 
HOAPILI,  J.  G. 
KAAINOA,  S.  W. 
KAHAULELIO,  J. 
KAKANI,  C.  K. 
KAULIA. 

KEAWEHUNAH.4LA,  J.  W. 
KEOHOKAUA. 
KUPAU,  J. 
MAHELONA,  S.  W. 
UKEKE,  G.  B. 
WOOD,  W.  P. 


R.  H.  STANLEY,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 
NOTE: — No  speech  was  made  by  the  King  proroguing  this  session. 


108 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATURE  OF  1867. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  29th  and  46th  Articles  of  the  Con- 
stitution, I  have  convoked  this  Extraordinary  Session  to  inform 
you  of  the  result  of  the  negotiations  for  a  Treaty  of  Reciprocity, 
carried  on  between  my  Government  and  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  to  secure  your  approval  and  to  con- 
sult with  you  upon  the  modifications,  which  your  approval  will 
render  necessary,  in  Our  Tariff. 

My  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  will  lay  before  you  the  Con- 
vention of  Commercial  Reciprocity  negotiated  in  San  Francisco 
between  the  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States  and  My  Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary. 

He  will  likewise  submit  to  you  the  Bill  necessary  for  carrying 
into  eff"ect  the  provisions  of  the  Treaty. 

The  admission,  free  of  duty,  of  a  large  number  of  articles 
from  the  United  States  will  create  in  our  revenue  a  considerable 
deficit.  My  Minister  of  Finance,  ad  interim,  will  lay  before  you 
his  Estimates  of  the  same,  and  will  provide  you  with  all  such 
additional  information  as  you  may  require. 

I  am  satisfied  that  the  anticipated  benefits  of  the  Treaty  of 
Reciprocity  will  not  be  confined  to  any  special  branch  of  our  in- 
dustry, but  will  extend  over  all. 

I  therefore  consider  it  advisable  that  in  readjusting  our  revenue 
system,  special  taxation  should  be  avoided,  and  a  policy  adopted 
that  should  distribute  that  burden  equitably  and  justly  upon  all 
classes  of  my  Subjects. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  the  treaty  which  will  be  submitted 
to  you  is  designed  to  strengthen  the  friendly  relations  now  exist- 
ing with  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and 
to  promote  the  prosperity  of  this  Kingdom. 

Relying  upon  your  wisdom  and  patriotism,  and  invoking  the 
blessing  of  heaven  upon  your  deliberations,  I  now  declare  this 
Extraordinary  Session  of  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


109 


'      LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 

Extra  Session  of  1867. 

Began  September  2.  Ended  September  16. 

Sat  13  Days. 


M.  KEKUANAOA,  President. 


BISHOP,  C.  E. 
DOMINIS,   J.   O. 

HOPKrxs,  c.  a. 

II,   JOHX. 
KAHANU,   H.   A. 
KAMAKUA,  W.   P. 
KAXOA,   P. 
XAHAOLELUA,   P. 


deVARIGXY,   C* 
HARRIS,  C.  C* 
HUTCHISOX,  F.  W. 
KAEO,  P.  Y. 
KALAKAUA,    D. 
KAXAIXA. 
LUXALILO,  W.   C. 
PHILLIPS,  S.  H.* 


Minister. 


Representatives. 

J.  MOTT-SMITH,  Vice  President  pro  tern. 

AHOLO,  L.  HELELUHE,  J.  H. 

BOYD,  E.  H.  HOAPILI,  J.  G. 

HART,  I.  K.  KAAIXOA,  S.  W. 

HEUCK,  T.  C.  KAHAITLELIO,  J. 

HULUILI.  KAKAXI,  C.   K. 

KAAPA,  L.  KAULIA. 

KAHULU,  X.  KEAWEHUXAHALA,  J.   W. 

KAMALO,  J.  H.  KEOHOKAUA. 

KAUXAMAXO,  J.  K.  KUPAU,  J. 

KELIIPIO,  L.  MAHELOXA,  S.  W. 

KEPOIKAT,  X.  WAXA,   H.  J. 

XAHAKU,  -L  A.  WOOD,   W.   P. 
UKEKE,  G.   B. 

R.  H.  STAXLEY,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


110 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  1867. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

During  this  short  but  important  Session  you  have  approved, 
by  a  nearly  unanimous  vote,  the  Treaty  of  Reciprocity  with  the 
United  States  submitted  to  your  consideration.  While  placing  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Executive  the  amount  necessary  to  defray  the 
additional  expenses  incurred,  you  have  at  the  same  time  provided 
for  the  greatest  part  of  the  anticipated  deficit  in  the  Revenue. 

I  thank  you  for  your  patriotism  and  for  these  numerous  proofs 
of  your  confidence.  You  have  done  all  that  you  could  do,  to 
insure  the  success  of  the  Treaty.  I  hope  that  your  deliberate  ap- 
proval will  be  followed  by  a  similar  action  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States,  and  that  two  Countries  comparatively  near  to 
each  other  and  yet  so  different  in  the  productions  of  their  soil, 
will  by  this  removal  of  the  barriers  between  them,  reap  the  nat- 
ural advantages  of  a  free  and  enlarged  trade. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  in  relieving  you  from  your  duties, 
I  request  you  to  receive,  for  yourselves,  and  to  convey  to  your 
constituents,  the  assurance  of  my  satisfaction  at  the  evident  har- 
mony of  views  and  of  action,  which  exists  between  the  Execu- 
tive and  the  Legislative  branch  of  my  Government. 

And  I  do  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  pro- 
rogued. 


Ill 

HIS    MAJESTY'S    ADDRESS,    DELIVERED    BY   ROYAL 

COMMISSION  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 

LEGISLATURE  OF  1868. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

A  great  calamity  has  befallen  the  island  of  Hawaii.  My  duty 
to  my  subjects  has  called  me  away  from  my  Capital,  and  I  have 
delegated  a  Royal  Commission,  presided  over  by  my  well-beloved 
father,  to  open  the  regular  session  of  the  Legislature. 

Until  the  last  few  weeks  my  Kingdom  had  enjoyed  uninter- 
rupted prosperity.  Peace,  quiet  and  abundance  had  prevailed. 
Let  us  bow  humbly  to  the  will  of  God  Almighty,  whose  hand  is 
now  heavy  upon  us,  and  let  us,  with  brave  heart  and  well-timed 
charity,  relieve  the  distress  of  those  of  our  countrymen  who  have 
been  thus  suddenly  and  severely  afflicted. 

Our  relations  with  Foreign  Powers  continue  to  be  most  sat- 
isfactory. The  important  Treaty  with  the  United  States  of 
America,  which  was  considered  at  the  last  extraordinary  Session 
of  the  Legislature,  has  not  yet  received  the  ratification  of  the 
President.  My  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  will  furnish  you 
with  such  intelligence  of  the  progress  of  the  negotiation  as  may 
be,  from  time  to  time,  received. 

Preliminary  steps  have  been  taken  by  my  Government  to  se- 
cure the  conclusion  of  a  Treaty  with  the  Confederation  of 
Northern  Germany,  to  be  substituted  for  our  present  treaties 
with  Bremen  and  Hamburg.  Some  of  our  treaties  have  been 
denounced ;  changes  are  contemplated  in  our  stipulations  with 
England  and  France,  and  I  confidently  hope  that  the  result  of 
these  various  negotiations  will  increase  our  intercourse  with 
Europe,  as  the  anticipated  conclusion  of  our  Convention  of  Reci- 
procity will  develop  our  trade  with  the  great  republic  of  the 
United  States. 

Our  negotiations  with  Japan  have,  so  far,  been  successful.  Im- 
portant and  favorable  results  may  be  expected  from  the  opening 
of  trade  with,  and  immigration  from,  that  Kingdom. 

My  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  inform  you  of  the  steps  taken 
by  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  towards  securing  valuable  addi- 
tions to  our  population  and  laborers  for  our  fields.  An  in- 
creased appropriation  is  applied  for,  to  enable  my  Government  to 
solve,  by  practical  experiment,  the  question  of  immigration,  whose 
importance  to  the  Kingdom  will  not  escape  your  attention.  You 
will  be  duly  advised  of  the  measures  adopted  by  the  Board  of 
Health  during  the  last  two  years.  Owing,  in  a  great  measure,  to 
the  exertions  of  the  Board,  the  spread  of  the  disease  of  leprosy 
has  been  checked. 

As  soon  as  practicable,  my  Government  will  inform  you  of  the 


112 

extent  of  the  damage  done  on  Hawaii  by  the  last  volcanic  erup- 
tion. It  is  hoped  that  it  will  not  prove  so  extensive  as  to  require 
any  considerable  curtailment  from  the  appropriation  for  public 
improvements  in  other  islands. 

Our  finances  are  in  a  most  prosperous  condition.  The  report 
of  my  acting  Minister  of  Finance  will  furnish  you  all  the  neces- 
sary information  on  the  state  of  the  treasury.  Our  credit 
stands  high,  our  public  debt  is  greatly  reduced,  and  a  con- 
siderable surplus  is  on  hand.  Should  the  Treaty  of  Reciprocity 
acquire  the  force  of  law,  some  further  legislation  may  be  neces- 
sary. 

It  may  be  well  for  the  Legislature  to  inquire  how  far  the  pros- 
perity of  this  Kingdom,  and  the  development  of  its  resources, 
may  be  promoted  by  judicious  assistance  to  the  line  of  steamers 
plying  between  this  port  and  California,  as  well  as  to  our  inter- 
island  steam  navigation. 

The  administration  of  justice  has  been  conducted  with  fidelity 
and  impartiality. 

It  is  thought  that  the  public  convenience  will  be  promoted  by 
changes  in  the  time  of  holding  certain  terms  of  the  Court.  My 
Attorney  General  will  submit  to  you  the  necessary  bill  for  the  ac- 
complishment of  that  measure. 

I  refer  you  to  the  report  of  the  President  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Instruction  for  the  details  of  the  work  performed  by  that 
Board.  Liberal  and  intelligent  assistance  has  been  granted,  on 
application,  to  all  those  who  devote  their  labors  to  the  education 
of  the  people.  New  schoolhouses  have  been  built — in  many  places 
the  sexes  have  been  separated,  and  a  system  of  impartiality,  com- 
bined with  a  healthy  competition,  has  contributed  largely  to  the 
cause  of  intellectual  improvement. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  rely  upon  your  enlightened  pa- 
triotism and  upon  your  loyalty  to  our  institutions.  You  will  co- 
operate with  me  in  seeking  the  welfare  of  the  nation,  and  in 
providing  for  its  wants.  I  pray  God  Almighty,  the  Ruler  of 
Kingdoms,  to  relieve  us  in  our  troubles,  to  guide  us  in  prosperity, 
and  to  help  me  in  maintaining  inviolate  the  dignity  of  my  Crown 
and  our  national  independence. 

And  we  do  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


113 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1868. 

Ended  June  24. 


Began  April  18. 


Sat  58  Days. 


M.  KEKUANAOA,  President. 

BISHOP,  C.  E.  HAERIS,   C.  C* 

DOMINIS,  J.   O.  II,  JOHN. 

HUTCHISON,  F.  W.*  KAHANU,  H. 

KAEO,   P.   Y.  KAMAKAU,  W.  P. 

KALAKAUA,   D.  KANOA,  P. 

KANAINA,  C.  NAHAOLELUA,   P. 

LUNALILO,  W.  C.  PHILLIPS,  S.  H.* 
deVARIGNY,  C* 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


G.  RHODES, 
BOYD,  E.  H. 
HITCHCOCK,  H.  R. 
JONES',  E. 
JUDD,  A.F.*1 
KAIUE,  D.  W. 
KOAKANU,   P.  F. 
KEAWEHUNAHALA,  J.  W. 
KNUDSEN,  V. 
KUMAHOA,  J.  W. 
MARTIN,  W.  T. 
MAKALENA,   J.  W. 
NAKILA,   J. 
UPA,  J. 
HALEMANU,  G.  W.  D. 


Vice-Fresident. 

HOPU,  A. 

JONES,  W.  C* 

JUDD,  C.  H. 

KALU,   C. 

KAUKAHA,  D. 

KELIIPIO,  L. 
H.         KUIHELANI,  H. 

LYONS,  C.  J. 

MAHELONA,  S.  "W, 

NAHAKU,  J.  A. 

PILIPO,  G.  W. 

WILDER,  S.  G. 

WOOD,  W.  P. 


R.  H.  STANLEY,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


*  Resigned  April   27. 
*i  From  May  21,  vice  Jones,  resigned. 


114 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1868. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

The  labors  of  your  Session  are  at  an  end,  and  it  is  with  sincere 
satisfaction  that  I  congratulate  you  on  the  result  of  your  delib- 
erations. You  have  passed  several  Laws  that  will  promote  our 
trade,  encourage  our  agriculture,  and  develope  the  resources  of 
our  country.  The  sums  you  have  appropriated  for  the  public 
improvements,  and  more  especially  for  facilitating  the  means  of 
communication  between  the  various  Islands  of  my  Kingdom,  and 
between  my  Kingdom  and  California,  are  ample.  It  will  be  my 
duty  and  that  of  my  Government  to  see  that  your  wishes  are 
carried  out. 

For  your  liberality  toward  my  family  and  toward  myself  I 
thank  you. 

Your  solicitude  for  the  moral  and  physical  welfare  of  my 
people  has  been  evidenced  by  the  generous  appropriations  you 
have  voted  for  the  expenses  of  the  Board  of  Education  and 
Board  of  Health. 

You  h.ave  given  satisfaction  to  a  want  long  felt  in  this  coun- 
try in  providing  for  the  training  of  Hawaiian  children  in  medical 
practice,  and  in  regulating  the  exercise  of  that  profession  among 
competent  Hawaiians. 

I  am  happy  to  see  that  the  policy  of  introducing  immigrants 
of  a  kindred  race  has  received  youi'  hearty  cooperation,  and  that 
you  have  passed  a  law  and  provided  the  means  to  enable  my  Gov- 
ernment to  carry  out  this  most  important  measure. 

The  session  has  been  comparatively  short,  and  I  have  remarked 
with  deep  satisfaction,  that  although  differing  in  opinion  on  a  few 
questions,  you  were  unanimous  in  your  feelings  of  love  for  our 
country  and  of  loyalty  to  your  Sovereign. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  on  your  return  to  your  friends 
and  constituents,  convey  to  them  my  good  wishes  and  my  hope 
that,  with  the  blessing  of  God  Almighty,  peace  and  prosperity 
will  continue  to  abide  with  us.  You  will  carry  with  you  the 
consciousness  of  having  done  your  best  to  contribute  to  our  com- 
mon welfare. 

And  I  do  now  declare  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  King- 
dom prorogued. 


115 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  ADDRESS  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1870. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Since  the  prorogation  of  the  last  Legislature  it  has  pleased 
Almighty  God  to  take  from  Me  the  best  of  Fathers  who  was, 
during  his  life  time,  the  wisest  and  most  discreet  of  Councillors, 
and  who  as  your  President,  was  always  revered  by  you.  This  has 
been  a  bereavement  for  the  Nation  as  well  as  for  Myself.  A  long 
and  varied  life  has  been  closed  in  peace  and  honor.  Let  us  be 
thankful  for  his  example.  You  will  preserve  his  memory  ever 
fresh,  whilst  the  best  wish  I  can  have  for  you  is,  that  I  may  ever 
preserve  the  remembrance  of  his  precepts,  and  follow  the  example 
of  his  pure  patriotism. 

During  the  last  two  years,  my  people  have  increased  in  pros- 
perity.    Crops  have  been  abundant  and  markets  good. 

It  seems  as  if  by  Ocean  Lines  of  Steamers,  our  situation  in 
mid-ocean  is  about  to  be  turned  to  our  advantage.  The  question 
of  aid  to  Oceanic  and  Inter-Island  Steamers  has  occupied  the 
attention  of  My  Government,  and  again  deserves  your  careful 
consideration.  I  especially  commend  to  your  fostering  care, 
steam  communication  between  the  Islands,  believing  that  liber- 
ality in  this  respect,  is  the  wisest  economy. 

Our  relations  with  all  Foreign  Governments  are  most  satis- 
factory.     I  have  concluded  a  Commercial  Treaty  with  Russia. 

The  Treaty  of  Reciprocity,  which  was  negotiated  with  the 
Executive  Government  of  the  United  States,  is  still  before  the 
Senate  of  that  Country. 

The  Board  of  Immigration  has  endeavored  to  execute  the  will 
of  the  Legislature,  as  expressed  at  its  last  Session  with  regard 
to  immigrants  from  the  Polynesian  Islands.  But  after  two  ex- 
peditions it  has  become  evident  that  no  considerable  or  perma- 
nent increase  of  population  can  be  expected  from  that  source. 

The  Report  of  my  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  show  you  that 
an  extraordinary  expenditure  has  been  deemed  necessary  by  the 
Board  of  Health.  The  health  of  the  people  is  an  object  of  the 
greatest  solicitude  to  me,  and  I  commend  to  your  careful  consid- 
eration the  measures  adopted  by  the  Board,  and  request  that  you 
will  give  this  matter  your  gravest  attention. 

Justice  continues  to  be  administered  as  I  believe  ably  and  im- 
partially. 

The  work  of  education  has  been  prosecuted  with  zeal,  fidelity 
and  success.  The  appropriation  of  the  last  Legislature  has  been 
used  with  impartiality,  and  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  learn,  to 
the  satisfaction  of  all. 


116 

The  Finances  of  the  Kingdom  still  remain  in  a  prosperous  con- 
dition. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  in  summoning  you  again  to  the 
performance  of  your  responsible  duties,  I  rely  with  implicit  con- 
fidence upon  your  wisdom  and  patriotism,  and  pray  most  earnestly 
that  He  in  whose  hand  are  all  the  Nations  of  the  earth  may  guide 
your  councils,  and  preserve  Our  Kingdom  for  a  bright  futurity. 

We  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


17 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1870. 


Began  April  30. 


Ended  July  22. 


Sat  68  Days. 


P.  NAHAOLELUA,  President. 


BISHOP,  C.  R. 
DOMINIS,  J.  O. 
HARRIS,   C.   C* 
KAEO,  P.  Y. 
KALAKAUA,  D. 
KANAINA,  C. 
LUNALILO,  W.  C. 


HUTCHISON,  F.  W.* 
KAHANU,  H.  A. 
KAMAKAU,  W.  P. 
KANOA,  P. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J.* 
PHILLIPS,  S.  H.* 


Minister. 


Representatives. 
H.  R.  HITCHCOCK,  Vice-Frestdent. 


AHOLO,  L. 
BOYD,  E.  H. 
HALEMANU,  G.  W.  D. 
HOPU,  A. 
KAAI,  S.  K. 
KAHAULELIO,  D. 
KALAMA,  S.  P. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M. 
KEPOIKAI,  N. 
KAUKAHA,  D. 
KUAPUU,  I.  K. 
MARTIN,  W.   T. 
NAUKANA,  S.  M. 
RICE,  W.  H. 


HANAIKE,  W. 
JUDD,  C.  H. 
KAAUWAI,  W.  H. 
KAIUE,  D.  W. 
KALUAPIHAOLE,  J. 
KAPIHE,  M. 
KOMOIKEEHUEHU. 
KUMAHOA,  J.   W. 
LYONS,  C.  J. 
NAILI,  J-.  L 
PILIPO,  G.  W. 
THOMPSON,  H. 
WAHINE,  D.  B. 


R.  H.  STANLEY,  Sec\j.  Legislative  Assembly. 


118 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1870. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Your  devotion  to  business  during  a  protracted  Session,  and  the 
consideration  accorded  to  My  suggestions  at  the  opening  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly,  have  been  noticed  by  me/ with  feelings  of 
great  satisfaction;  it  has  given  me  pleasure  to  observe  the  cordial 
accord  which  has  been  maintained  by  you  with  the  Ministers  of 
the  Crown. 

The  confidence  which  I  expressed  at  the  opening  of  your  Ses- 
sion, in  your  patriotism  and  wisdom  has  been  fully  justified. 

For  your  liberality  to  Myself  and  Family,  accept  my  heartfelt 
thanks. 

Your  liberal  appropriations  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Gov- 
ernment will  be  expended  as  hitherto,  with  strict  economy  and 
care  for  the  public  good. 

Fully  appreciating  your  loyalty  to  myself,  and  love  for  the 
Institutions  of  my  Kmgdom,  I  trust  the  Laws  which  you  have 
enacted  will  promote  the  welfare  of  the  Country  and  all  its  inhab- 
itants. 

Upon  your  return  to  your  constituencies,  I  hope  you  will  en- 
lighten them  by  your  advice,  and  excite  them  to  a  jealous  care  of 
Health,  Morals,  Education  and  above  all,  that  you  will  apprise 
them  of  My  constant  solicitude  for  their  welfare. 

In  dismissing  you  from  your  labors,  I  pray  Almighty  God  that 
He  may  grant  you,  each  and  all,  length  and  days  of  prosperity; 
and  that  He  may  Keep  Our  beloved  Country,  from  harm,  and 
guide  us  to  Happiness. 

And  I  now  declare  the  Legislative  Assembly  prorogued. 


119 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1872. 


Nobles  Olid  Representatives: 

At  the  opening  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  1870,  I  com- 
mended its  attention  to  Foreign  and  Inter-Island  Steam  Com- 
munication, and  the  Assembly  of  that  year  responded  by  making 
liberal  appropriation.  The  means  placed  at  the  disposal  of  My 
Government  for  these  purposes  have  been  used  as  it  w^as  in- 
tended. The  Report  of  my  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  show  you 
the  gratifying  fact  that  steam  communication  between  the  Islands 
is  likely  to  be  self-supporting,  and  will  encourage  the  hope  that 
the  public  necessity  will  call  for  an  increase  of  that  service  at 
an  early  day.  Steam  communication  with  the  Coast  of  America, 
and  with  the  New  Zealand  and  Australian  Colonies^  seems  now  to 
be  firmly  established,  and  I  have  not  a  doubt  that  the  money 
devoted  by  us  to  this  object  will  be  found  to  be  wisely  expended. 

During  the  last  two  years,  agriculture  has  repaid  handsomely 
those  who  have  pursued  it  with  courage,  diligence  and  enterprise. 
It  is  the  life  of  the  Nation  not  only  from  its  profitable  returns, 
but  as  tending  directly  to  the  increase  of  the  population,  and  the 
prolongation  of  vigorous  life.  I  therefore  hope  that  you  will 
not  neglect  to  further  its  interests  by  every  means  in  your  power. 
But  whilst  giving  your  earnest  consideration  to  it,  I  trust  that 
every  other  interest  will  receive  likewise  its  share  of  your  at- 
tention. 

Our  relations  with  Foreign  Governments  continue  to  be  of  the 
most  friendly  nature.  Since  the  adjournment  of  the  last  Legis- 
lative Assembly,  I  have  concluded  a  Treaty  of  Amity  and  Com- 
merce with  His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Japan,  the  text  of  which 
will  be  laid  before  you.  The  Treaty  of  Reciprocity  which  was 
at  the  last  Session  of  this  body,  before  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  failed  to  receive  the  number  of  votes  necessary  for  its 
ratification.  I  have  directed  notice  to  be  given  of  my  desire  for 
the  termination  of  those  articles  of  the  Treaty  with  France  signed 
at  Honolulu  October  29th,  1857,  which  it  is  agreed  by  the  26th 
Article  of  that  Treaty,  may  cease  to  have  effect  after  one  year's 
notice.  This  will  leave  you  free  to  make  such  changes  in  the 
Tariff  as  you,  in  your  wisdom  may  think  proper. 

The  Report  of  My  Minister  of  Finance  will  present  to  you 
most  gratifying  evidence  of  the  good  condition  of  our  Finances. 

The  Interests  of  the  cause  of  Education  have  never  been  more 
thoroughly  attended  to,  and  the  results  of  that  attention  have  been 
most  encouraging. 

Justice  has  been  administered  equally  and  impartially  to  all. 


120 

Peace  and  contentment  and  prosperity  have  reigned  within  our 
borders. 

All  the  works  which  have  been  undertaken  and  completed,  as 
well  as  those  which  are  now  projected  for  the  Public  benefit,  have 
had  and  do  have  my  most  hearty  concurrence,  and  I  therefore 
commend  to  you  most  earnestly  the  recommendations  of  my  Min- 
isters in  this  respect. 

It  is  my  painful  duty  to  inform  you  that  the  widow  of  my 
predecessor,  His  late  Majesty  Kamehameha  III,  deceased  at  her 
residence  in  Honolulu,  20th  September,  1870. 

Representatives,  it  is  with  great  pleasure  that  I  see  amongst 
you  as,  many,  who  in  former  years,  have  hajl  experience  in  Legis- 
lative business,  and  who  by  their  return  to  this  Assembly,  give 
evidence  that  the  people  have  the  same  confidence  in  their  expe- 
rience, which  I  myself  entertain. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  pray  most  humbly  and  heartily, 
the  King  of  Kings  so  to  rule  your  Councils,  that  every  thing 
may  be  ordered  for  the  public  good,  and  with  this  prayer  I  com- 
mend the  interest  of  Our  Country  to  your  wisdom,  patriotism  and 
fidelity,  in  which  I  have  unfailing  reliance. 

We  do  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


121 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 

Session  of  1872. 


Began  April  30. 


BISHOP,  C.  E. 
DOMINIS,  J.  O. 
HARRIS,  C.   C* 
KAEO,  P.  Y. 
KALAKAUA,  D. 
KANAINA,  C. 


Ended  July  29. 


Sat  75  Days. 


NAHAOLELUA,  President 

HUTCHISON,  F.  W. 
KAHANU,   H. 
KAMAKAU,  W.  P. 
KANOA,  P. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J.* 
PHILLIPS,  S.  H.* 


LUNALILO,  W.  C. 


*  Minister. 


Representatives. 


D.  H.  HITCHCOCK,   Vice-President. 


AHOLO,   L. 
CARTER,  J.  O. 
HALEMANU,    G.    W.    D. 
HART,  I.   K. 
JUDD,  C.  H. 
KAHANANUI,  M. 
KAUKAHA,  D. 
KEKOA,  E. 
KOMOIKEHUEHU,    J. 
KUPAKEE,  J.  W. 
MARTIN,  W.   T. 
NAIHE,  J.  W. 
NEWTON,  R. 
POLI,  Z. 


HANAIKE,  W. 
JUDD,  A.  F. 
KAAI,  S.  K. 
KAIUE,  D.  W. 
KAUKAU,  A. 
KIPI,  S. 

KUIHELANI,  H. 
LONOAEA,  J.  W. 
MIKALEMI,  E. 
NAWAHI,  J. 
NUI,  P. 

PAIKULI,  J.  N. 
RICE,  W.  H. 


R.  H.  STANLEY,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


122 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1872. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

1  congratulate  you  upon  the  termination  of  your  protracted 
labors,  and  hope  that  you  may  be  permitted  to  return  in  safety  to 
your  several  homes.  I  shall  take  care  that  the  Appropriations 
which  you  have  made  on  a  liberal  scale  for  the  maintenance  of 
good  Government,  the  promotion  of  the  health  of  my  people,  and 
carrying  on  Public  Improvements  of  Our  country,  shall  con- 
tinue to  be  expended  with  the  strictest  economy,  and  the  utmost 
regard  for  the  public  good. 

By  the  Constitution  of  Government  and  System  of  Represen- 
tation in  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  prominent  and  influential  citi- 
zens should  consider  it  their  duty  to  aid  the  administration  of 
Public  AiTairs  in  the  Legislative  Assembly.  In  the  performance 
of  such  duties,  demands  are  periodically  made  upon  the  patience 
and  intelligence  of  the  Members.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  such 
demands  will  not  be  so  excessive  as  to  alarm  gentlemen  of  judg- 
ment and  experience  and  prevent  them  from  undertaking  public 
duties. 

I  desire  to  express  my  high  appreciation  of  all  those  who  at 
personal  sacrifices  have  given  their  time  and  services  to  Legisla- 
tive duties. 

The  periodical  coming  together  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  is 
most  beneficial  in  giving  opportunity  to  compare  opinions  to  dispel 
prejudices,  and  to  consult  for  the  public  good,  even  though  no 
considerable  changes  may  be  found  necessary  in  the  laws. 

I  sincerely  trust  that  the  few  changes  in  the  Laws  which  you 
have  thought  advisable,  may  be  found  eft'ectual  for  good. 

In  returning  to  your  constituencies  you  will  be  enabled  to  as- 
sure them  that  their  Government  cares  unremittedly  for  their 
welfare,  and  you  will  likewise  give  them  the  advantage  of  your 
experience  in  public  business,  and  exhort  them  to  a  continued 
love  of  their  country  and  its  institutions. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  commend  you  to  Our  Heavenly 
Father,  praying  that  He  may  continue  His  blessings  to  you  and 
Our  country,  and  vouchsafe  to  you  all  prosperity  and  length  of 
life. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  prorogued. 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  CABINET  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE 

IN  EXTRA  SESSION  ASSEMBLED, 

JANUARY  8TH,  1873. 


Mr.  President,  Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Documents  delivered  to  your  President,  contain  official  evi- 
dence of  the  decease  of  His  late  Majesty  Kamehameha  V.  His 
earthly  existence  terminated  at  lolani  Palace,  in  Honolulu,  in  the 
Island  of  Oahu,  upon  the  forty-second  anniversary  of  his  birth, 
being  the  eleventh  day  of  December,  in  the  year  of  Our  Lord  One 
Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and  Seventy-two. 

His  Majesty  left  no  Heirs. 

Her  late  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Victoria  Kamamalu 
Kaahumanu,  to  whom  in  the  event  of  the  death  of  His  late  Maj- 
esty without  heirs,  the  Constitution  declared  that  the  Throne 
should  descend,  died,  also  without  heirs,  on  the  twenty-ninth  day 
of  May,  in  the  year  of  Our  Lord  One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred 
and  Sixty-six. 

His  late  Majesty  did  not  appoint  any  successor  in  the  mode 
set  forth  in  the  Constitution,  with  the  consent  of  the  Nobles  or 
make  Proclamation  thereof  during  his  life.  There  having  been 
no  such  appointment  or  Proclamation,  the  Throne  became  vacant, 
and  the  Cabinet  Council  immediately  thereupon  considered  the 
form  of  the  Constitution  in  such  case  made  and  provided,  and 

Ordered — That  a  meeting  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  be 
caused  to  be  holden  at  the  Court  House  in  Honolulu,  on  Wednes- 
day which  will  be  the  eighth  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1873,  at  12 
o'clock  noon;  and  of  this  order  all  Members  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  will  take  notice  and  govern  themselves  accordingly. 

By  virtue  of  this  Order  you  have  been  assembled,  to  elect  by 
ballot,  some  native  Alii  of  this  Kingdom  as  Successor  to  the 
Throne.  Your  present  authority  is  limited  to  this  duty,  but  the 
newly  elected  Sovereign  may  require  your  services  after  his  ac- 
cession. 

The  Members  of  the  Cabinet  Council  devoutly  ask  the  blessings 
of  Heaven  upon  your  deliberations  and  public  acts.  They  have 
appreciated  the  responsibility  resting  upon  them,  and  have  striven 
to  maintain  tranquillity  and  order,  and,  especially,  to  guard  your 
proceedings  against  improper  interference. 

Acknowledging  the  obligation  to  preserve  all  the  rights,  honors 
and  dignities  appertaining  to  the  Throne,  and  to  transmit  them 
unimpaired  to  a  new  Sovereign,  it  will  become  their  duty,  upon 
his  accession,  to  surrender  to  him  the  authority  conferred  upon 
them  by  his  late  lamented  predecessor. 

(Signed)    Ferd  W.  Hutchison, 

Min.  of  Interior; 
"  Stephen  H.  Phillips, 

Attorney  General ; 
"  Robert  Stirling, 

Min.  of  Finance. 


124 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 

Extra  Session  of  1873. 

Began  January  8.  Ended  January  20. 

Sat  10  Days. 

P.  NAHAOLELUA,  President. 

BISHOP,  C.  E.*  JUDD,  A.  F.* 

DOMINIS,   J.    O.  KAHANU,   H. 

HALL,  E.  O.*  KAMAKAU,   W.   P. 

KAEO,  P.  Y.  KANOA,  P. 

KALAKAUA,   D.  STIRLING,  R.* 
KANAINA,  C. 


*  Minister. 

NOTE: — C.  R.  Bishop  served  imtil  January  14  as  a  Noble  and  from  that 
date  as  a  Minister. 

Representatives. 

D.  H.  HITCHCOCK,  Vice-President. 

AHOLO,   L.  HANAIKE,   W. 

CARTER,  J.   O.  JUDD,  A.  F.* 

HALEMANU,  G.  W.  D.  KAAI,   S.   K. 

HART,   I.   K.  KAIUE,   D.   W. 

JUDD,   C.   H.  KAUKAU,  A. 

KAHANANUI,   M.  KIPI,    S. 

KAUKAHA,  D.  KUIHELANI,  H. 

KEKOA,  E.  MARTIN,  W.  T. 

KOMOIKEHUEHU,  J.  NAIHE,  J.  W. 

LONOAEA,   J.   W.  NAWAHI,  J. 

MIKALEMI,  E.  NUI,   P. 

NAHINU,  D.  H.  PAIKULI,  J.  N. 

NEWTON,  R.  RICE,  W.  H. 
POLI,   Z. 

H.  MACFARLANE,  Actg.  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


*  Resigned  January  14  to  accept  appointment  of  Attorney  General. 


125 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1873. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

You  were  called  to  meet  in  an  extraordinary  session. 

Your  promptness  and  decision  in  accomplishing  the  business 
to  which  your  attention  has  been  directed,  have  made  you  a 
Model  Legislature.  I  am  confident  that  in  the  future,  your 
example  will  be  cited  as  worthy  of  praise  and  imitation. 

I  congratulate  the  Nation  on  your  unanimity  in  recommending 
certain  amendments  to  the  Constitution.  Ample  time  will  now 
be  given  to  the  people  to  consider  the  propriety  of  their  final 
adoption,  so  that  the  next  Legislative  Assembly  will  be  prepared 
to  act  upon  them,  with  a  decision  and  intelligence  worthy  of 
your  own. 

The  public  mind  has  been  for  some  time  agitated  on  the  subject 
of  Amendments  to  the  Constitution,  and  I  trust  that  the  course 
now  taken  will  lead  to  a  satisfactory  result. 

I  desire  that  the  Constitution  shall  secure  to  my  subjects,  all 
the  rights  which  shall  best  promote  their  improvement  and  hap- 
piness. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  by  your  choice,  which  is  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  popular  sufifrage,  I  have  been  made  King,  and 
my  efforts  will  be  unceasing  to  prove  myself  worthy  of  that  high 
trust. 

In  parting  with  you,  I  renew  the  expression  of  my  thanks  for 
the  cordial  good  will  and  support,  you  have  rendered  me. 

May  the  blessing  of  our  Heavenly  Father  be  continued  to  Our 
Kingdom. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  prorogued. 


126 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  CABINET  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE, 

IN  EXTRA  SESSION  ASSEMBLED, 

FEBRUARY  12,  1874. 


Mr.  Prssidcnt,  Nobles  and  Representatives: 

His  late  Majesty  Lunalilo  was  Elected  as  the  Successor  to  His 
late  Majesty  Kamehameha  V  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  on  the 
8th  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1873.  After  a  short  Reign  of  One 
year  and  twenty-five  days.  His  earthly  existence  terminated  at 
Haimoeipo,  His  Private  Residence  in  Honolulu,  in  the  Island 
of  Oahu,  on  the  Third  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1874.  His  late 
Majesty  Lunalilo  left  no  heirs,  nor  did  He  appoint  any  Suc- 
cessor in  the  mode  set  forth  in  the  Constitution,  with  the  consent 
of  the  Nobles,  or  make  proclamation  thereof  during  his  life. 

There  having  been  no  such  appointment  or  proclamation,  the 
Throne  of  Hawaii  became  again  vacant  and  the  Cabinet  Council 
immediately  thereupon  considered  the  provisions  of  the  Constitu- 
tion in  such  case  made  and  provided,  and  Ordered,  That  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Legislative  Assembly  be  holden  at  the  Court  House  in 
Honolulu,  on  Thursday,  which  will  be  the  Twelfth  day  of  Feb- 
ruary, A.  D.  1874,  at  Twelve  o'Clock  at  noon.  And  of  this  order 
all  members  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  will  take  notice  and 
govern  themselves  accordingly.  There  have  been  filed  with  your 
President,  a  Certificate  of  the  decease  of  His  late  Majesty,  and 
a  Certified  Copy  of  the  Record  of  the  Cabinet  Council  when  the 
above  order  was  made.  By  virtue  of  this  order  you  have  been 
convened  to  Elect  by  Ballot  some  Native  Alii  of  this  Kingdom  as 
Successor  to  the  Throne.  May  the  blessing  of  Heaven  rest  upon 
you,  and  may  the  good  of  all  wisdom  pride  your  deliberations. 

(Signed)    Charles  R.  Bishop, 

Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs ; 
"  Edwin  O.  Hall, 

Minister  of  the  Interior ; 
"  Robert  Stirling, 

Minister  of  Finance ; 
"  A.  Francis  Judd, 

Attorney  General  of  the  Kingdom. 


127 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 

Extra  Session  of  1874. 

Began  February  12.  Ended  February  14. 

Sat  3  Days. 

P.  NAHAOLELUA,  President. 

BISHOP,   C.   E.*  JUDD,  A.  F.* 
DOMINIS,    J.    O.  KANAINA,  C. 

HALL,  E.  O.*  PAEKER,  J.  P. 

KAHANU,  H.  STIRLING,  R.* 
KANOA,   P. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 

S.  K.  KAAI,  Vice-Fresident. 

AHOLO,    L.  HAUPU,  P. 

BIRCH,   T.   N.  KAIUE,  D.  W. 

CUMMINS,  J.  A.  KAKINA,  J. 

KAHAI,  J.  KAPULE,  C.  K. 

KAKANI,  C.   K.  KAUKAHA,    D. 

KAPAHU,  J.  N.  KIPI,  S. 

KAUAI,   J.  KOMOIKEHUEHU,    J. 

KAUKAU,  J.  A.  KUPIHEA,  S.   K. 

KOAKANU,   P.   F.  LONOAEA,  J.  W. 

KUIKAHI,  R.  P.  MIKALEMI,   E. 

LANE,  W.  C.  NAHINU,  D.   H. 

MARTIN,  J.  H.   S.  NAUKANA,  S.  M. 

MOEHONUA,   W.   L.  NAWAHI,  J. 
NAPAEPAE,  G.  W. 

R.  H.  STANLEY,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


128 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 

THE  EXTRA  SESSION  OF  THE  LEGISLATIVE 

ASSEMBLY  OF  1874. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

The  vacancy  of  the  Throne  of  Our  Kingdom  by  the  demise  on 
the  3d  instant  of  our  much  lamented  Predecessor,  made  it  nec- 
essary for  you  to  meet  in  extraordinary  Session. 

There  has  been  no  unnecessary  delay  either  in  your  coming  to- 
gether or  in  the  discharge  of  the  important  duty  imposed  upon 
you  by  the  Constitution. 

By  your  free  choice  I  am  now  King,  and  I  hope  with  your  aid 
and  that  of  all  my  faithful  subjects  to  make  My  Reign  a  bless- 
ing to  my  people. 

The  present  Session  having  been  called  for  a  Special  purpose, 
which  has  been  accomplished,  I  have  no  other  business  to  lay 
before  you  now,  but  the  Regular  biennial  Session  will  be  convened 
in  April  next,  as  required  by  the  Constitution,  at  which  time  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  Our  Kingdom  may  be  con- 
sidered. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  desire  again  to  thank  you  for 
your  partiality  and  kindness  toward  myself;  and  I  pray  the 
Almighty  that  He  will  continue  to  protect  and  prosper  Our 
Kingdom. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  prorogued. 


129 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
.       LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1874. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

During  the  last  biennial  period  the  nation  has  passed  through 
important  vicissitudes,  in  consequence  of  which  two  extraordi- 
nary Sessions  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  were  convened.  The 
first  of  these  elected  my  Predecessor,  His  late  Majesty  Lunalilo, 
and  at  the  same  Session,  certain  amendments  of  the  Constitu- 
tion were  proposed.  In  the  Providence  of  the  Almighty,  it  was 
not  permitted  to  the  King,  Lunalilo.  to  see  the  accomplishment  of 
his  hopes.  Scarcely  one  year  of  his  reign  had  passed  ere  he 
was  summoned  away.  Upon  his  death,  no  successor  to  the 
Throne  having  been  appointed  by  him  and  approved  by  the 
Nobles,  as  required  by  law.  it  became  your  duty,  under  the  Con- 
stitution, to  elect  a  Sovereign.  Before  making  choice  of  myself 
for  that  august  position,  you  had  been  informed  by  my  public 
as  well  as  my  private  announcements,  that  I  should  abide  by  the 
result  of  your  vote,  and  in  no  event  countenance  any  attempt  to 
violate  the  law  of  the  land.  My  election  was,  however,  followed 
by  a  disturbance,  occasioned  by  the  action  of  a  few  turbulent 
men,  which  taking  the  authorities  by  surprise,  threatened  for  a 
time  the  peace  of  the  city,  but  which  the  Government,  promptly 
and  efficiently  supported  by  the  forces  of  the  friendly  Powers 
then  assembled  in  the  harbor,  quickly  subdued,  and  those  impli- 
cated have  since  been  called  to  a  just  account. 

You  will  be  called  upon,  in  cooperation  with  my  Ministers,  to 
initiate  measures  to  advance  the  real  interests  of  my  Kingdom, 
and  I  now  invite  your  especial  consideration  to  a  few  of  the 
most  prominent  points  which  have  attracted  my  attention. 

The  amendments  proposed  in  the  Constitution  have  been  pub- 
lished as  the  law  requires,  and  will  receive  from  you  the  most 
careful  and  mature  consideration.  They  were  intended  to  re- 
store certain,  features  of  the  Constitution  of  1852,  and  of  these 
*^^qt  wliich  re-establishes  a  separate  House  of  Representatives  is 
the  most  important. 

An  amendment  proposed  in  the  clause  which  defines  the  tenure 
of  office  of  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  will  come  before  you 
for  discussion. 

The  amendment  excluding  all  Judges  from  the  Legislature  is 
in  consonance  with  the  fundamental  principle  of  the  Constitution, 
which  defines  and  separates  the  Executive,  Judicial  and  Legisla- 
tive functions  of  the  Government. 

The  amendment  requiring  the  King  to  give  his  reasons  for 
vetoing  a  bill,  seems  unnecessary.  My  Ministers  having  seats  in 
your  House,  and  attending  its  Sessions  for  the  purpose  of  enun- 


130 

ciating  the  measures  of  my  Govermnent,  would  seem  to  be  suf- 
ficient for  the  explanation  of  my  views. 

The  legal  services  of  the  Attorney  General  in  the  Cabinet  are 
frequently  of  much  importance  to  the  Administration,  and  any 
amendment  depriving  them  of  his  assistance  should  receive  your 
careful  consideration. 

I  would  invite  you  to  carefully  consider  the  amendment  re- 
moving the  property  qualification  of  voters.  The  limited  diffu- 
sion of  wealth  among  the  masses  of  the  people  tend  directly  to 
circumscribe,  under  the  present  franchise,  the  expression  of  the 
popular  will  in  the  return  of  the  members  to  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

The  resources  of  the  country  have  been  largely  depleted  by 
the  extraordinary  expenditure  rendered  necessary  by  the  removal 
of  the  lepers  to  Molokai — their  maintenance  there — the  burial  of 
two  Sovereigns  and  the  election  of  their  Successors,  and  other 
causes,  all  of  which  have  been  borne  by  the  Treasury.  I  would 
suggest  to  you  that  some  less  complicated  and  more  economical 
system  should  be  devised  by  you  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the 
Government,  and  that  power  may  be  given  me  under  the  law  to 
merge  two  or  more  offices  in  one,  where  it  may  be  found  expe- 
dient so  to  do. 

The  subject,  however,  that  awakens  my  greatest  solicitude  is 
to  increase  my  people,  and  to  this  point  1  desire  to  direct  your 
earnest  attention.  Perhaps  some  modification  of  the  divorce  law 
may  be  found  conducive  to  this  end.  The  Board  of  Health  have 
been  required  to  improve  to  the  utmost  the  hygiene  of  the  people, 
but  much  still  remains  to  be  done  in  this  direction,  especially  to 
devise  means  for  the  preservation  of  the  lives  of  infants,  and  I 
would  suggest  that  some  special  exemption  should  be  made  in 
favor  of  those  who  rear  large  families. 

The  immigration  of  free  labor  will  undoubtedly  enrich  and 
strengthen  our  country,  and  to  this  end  I  propose  that  a  liberal 
appropriation  be  made. 

The  condition  of  the  Leper  Asylum  has  had  my  personal  atten- 
tion, and  I  have  been  pleased  with  the  kindness  and  care  shown 
towards  that  unfortunate  class  of  my  people. 

I  would  also  call  your  attention  to  the  importance  of  consid- 
ering schemes  for  irrigation  and  for  maintaining  the  water  supply 
wherever  it  may  be  required ;  and  none  of  these  seem  more  imme- 
diately necessary  than  a  plan  to  increase  and  maintain  the  water 
supply  of  Honolulu,  and  that  without  injustice  to  suburban  pro- 
prietors. It  may  be  that  some  legislation  is  required  to  secure 
the  owners  of  ancient  water  rights,  but  unless  accompanied  by 
measures  to  maintain  the  supply  of  water  in  certain  districts, 
such  legislation  will  be  futile. 

I  recommend  a  commission  of  men  learned  in  the  law,  to  re- 
port a  codification  of  our  laws  for  the  next  Session  of  the  Legis- 


131 

lature.  Our  probate  practice,  especially  in  regard  to  land  titles, 
to  be  made  more  definite. 

I  am  happy  to  inform  you  that  our  relations  with  foreign  coun- 
tries are  in  the  most  satisfactory  condition;  and  I  congratulate 
you  upon  the  friendly  feeling  which  has  been  evinced  towards 
ourselves  by  the  great  and  powerful  nations  having  treaties 
with  us. 

A  proposition  to  cede  Pearl  River  harbor  to  the  United  States, 
in  connection  with  a  treaty  of  commercial  reciprocity,  was  made 
last  June.  But  a  cession  of  any  portion  of  the  national  territory 
being  found  to  be  not  in  consonance  with  the  feeling  of  the  people, 
the  proposition  was  withdrawn.  Should,  however,  that  friendly 
Power  hereafter  consider  a  commercial  treaty  to  be  for  its  in- 
terest, my  Government  will  not  fail  to  open  negotiations  to  this 
end. 

Furnishing  facilities  for  steam  communication  with  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Australia,  and  deepening  the  entrance  of  the  harbor  for 
vessels  of  heavy  draft,  will  engage  your  attention.  A  submarine 
cable,  to  touch  here  and  give  us  daily  news  from  all  parts  of  the 
world,  is  already  projected  by  enterprising  men  in  the  United 
States.  These  things  suggest  to  us  the  importance  of  making  it 
for  the  interest  of  steam  lines  to  touch  here.  In  this  connection 
I  ask  you  to  consider  the  advantage  of  erecting  suitable  ware- 
houses and  other  facilities  on  our  wharves  for  Island  produce. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  while  not  unmindful  of  the  bless- 
ings which  have  been  granted  to  this  Nation,  let  us  hope  that  we 
may  deserve  to  have  them  continued  and  increased.  May  your 
deliberations  be  guided  by  an  eye  single  to  the  National  welfare, 
and  may  their  results  be  conducive  to  the  prosperity  and  progress 
of  our  beloved  country. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  to  be  duly  convened 
according  to  law. 


132 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 
Session  of  1874. 


Began  April  30. 


Ended  August  8. 


Sat  84  Days. 


C.  E.  BISHOP,  President. 

CLEGHORN,   A.    S.  GREEN,  W.  L.* 

DOMINIS,    J.    O.  ISENBEEG,   PAUL 

DOWSETT,  J.  I.  KANAINA,    C. 

HARTWELL,  A.  S.*  KUIHELANI,  H. 

KAHANU,   H.  MOANAULI,   J. 

KANOA,  P.  PARKER,  J.  P. 

MARTIN,  W.   T.  WILDER,   S.  G. 

NAHAOLELUA,  P.*  STANLEY,  R.  H.* 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A.* 


*  Minister. 

Representatives. 

S.  K.  KAAI, 

Vice 

-President. 

AHOLO,  L. 

HAUPU,  P. 

BIRCH,  T.  N. 

KAIUE,  D.  W. 

CUMMINS,  J.  A. 

KAKINA,   J. 

KAHAI,  J. 

KAPULE,   C.   K. 

KAKANI,    C.    K. 

KAUKAHA,  D. 

KAPAHU,  J.  N. 

KEPOIKAI,  N. 

KAUAI,  J. 

KOAKANU,   P.   F. 

KAUKAU,  J.  A. 

KUIKAHI,  R.   P. 

KIPI,  S. 

LANE,  W.  C. 

KOMOIKEHUEHU,  J. 

MIKALEMI,  E. 

KUPIHEA,   S.  K. 

NAHINU,  D.  H. 

MARTIN,  J.  H.  S. 

NAUKANA,  S.  M. 

MOEHONUA,  W.  L. 

NAWAHI,   J. 

NAPAEPAE,  G.  W. 

R.   H.   STANLEY, 
Secy.   Legislative   Assembly  to   May   29; 

H.    MACFARLANE, 
Secy.  Legislative  Assembly  from  May  29. 


133 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1874. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

After  a  protracted  Session,  I  congratulate  you  upon  the  termi- 
nation of  your  labors.  I  trust  and  believe  that  the  Constitu- 
tional Amendments  which  you  have  passed  will  result  in  good, 
and  that  the  extension  of  the  suffrage  will  be  duly  appreciated 
by  the  country. 

Your  appropriations  for  preserving  the  health  of  the  people, 
for  immigration  and  for  public  improvements,  have  been  very 
liberal,  and  fully  equal  to  meet  the  necessities  to  which  I  drew 
your  attention  upon  being  called  together.  It  will  be  my  duty 
and  that  of  my  Government  to  see  that  the  several  sums  are 
judiciously  and  economically  expended.  For  your  liberality 
toward  myself  and  family  I  thank  you. 

My  relations  with  the  great  Nations  of  the  world  continue  to 
be  of  the  most  gratifying  character,  and  I  have  received  letters 
during  the  sitting  of  the  House,  from  the  Sovereign  of  Great 
Britain,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the 
French  Republic,  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  the  Emperor  of 
Russia,  the  King  of  the  Netherlands,  the  King  of  Denmark,  the 
King  of  Sweden  and  Norway,  the  King  of  Italy,  and  the  King 
of  Belgium,  recognizing  my  election  to  the  Throne,  and  assuring 
me  of  their  friendship  and  good  will. 

A  number  of  new  laws  and  amendments  to  laws  have  been 
carefully  considered  by  you,  and  those  enacted  will  I  trust  pro- 
mote the  welfare  of  our  beloved  country. 

The  Acts  which  you  have  passed  to  aid  the  introduction  of 
electric  telegraphs  and  for  the  encouragement  of  steam  naviga- 
tion with  foreign  countries,  show  that  my  people  are  prepared  to 
take  advantage  of  all  the  improved  methods  of  communication 
with  neighboring  countries. 

The  Act  to  facilitate  the  negotiation  of  Treaties  of  Reci- 
procity, proves  that  you  fully  appreciate  the  advantages  of  such  a 
treaty,  more  particularly  with  our  near  neighbor  the  United 
States,  and  no  efforts  on  my  part  or  on  that  of  my  Government 
shall  be  wanting  to  bring  about  so  desirable  a  result. 

The  Law  which  you  have  passed  to  authorize  a  National  Loan, 
and  to  define  to  what  uses  such  Loan  shall  be  applied,  is  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  views  which  I  expressed  to  you  in  my  Message 
of  the  22d  of  June,  and  I  shall  carefully  watch  its  working  by  the 
Board  which  you  have  impowered  me  to  constitute,  in  the  hope 
that  it  may  fully  realize  the  benefits  anticipated  from  it.  in  the 
increase  of  the  population  and  products,  and  therefore  in  the 
prosperity  of  my  Kingdom. 


134 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  on  returning  to  your  homes  and 
to  your  constituents  you  will  still  have  the  opportunity  to  con- 
tinue the  good  work  of  the  Session,  in  instructing  the  people  in 
all  that  tends  to  preserve  their  health  and  comfort,  and  to  in- 
crease iheir  means  and  their  knowledge;  and  I  trust  that  you 
will  apprize  them  of  my  constant  solicitude  for  their  welfare — 
and  assure  them  that  each  man  who  takes  good  care  of  himself 
and  family,  with  due  regard  to  the  rights  of  his  neighbors,  is 
adding  to  the  strength  of  my  Kingdom  and  assisting  in  the  per- 
petuation of  our  race. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Kingdom  pro- 
rogued. 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  APRIL  29TH,   1876. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Since  the  prorogation  of  the  last  Legislative  Assemoiy.  in 
August,  1874.  the  Kingdom  has  enjoyed  uninterrupted  tranquil- 
lity, whilst  Agriculture  and  Commerce  have  steadily  progressed. 
The  result  is  exhibited  in  the  satisfactory  condition  of  the  reve- 
nues of  the  country,  as  you  will  observe  by  the  Report  which  my 
Minister  of  Finance  will  lay  before  you. 

Our  relations  with  Foreign  Governments  continue  most  satis- 
factory. 

Since  the  adjournment  of  the  last  Legislative  Assembly,  I 
have  concluded  a  Treaty  of  Amity  and  Commerce  with  His 
Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Austria  and  Apostolic  King  of  Hungary, 
and  it  only  awaits  final  ratification  by  the  Emperor. 

I  have  also  concluded  a  Special  Convention  of  Reciprocity 
with  the  United  States  of  America,  from  which  great  advantage 
to  the  Commerce  of  both  countries  is  confidently  anticipated.  I 
am  daily  expecting  to  learn  that  the  final  Legislative  enactment 
has  passed  the  United  States  Congress,  which  will  be  necessary 
to  give  efifect  to  this  Convention. 

The  Report  of  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  will 
call  your  attention  to  some  amendments  in  the  laws  which  seem 
to  be  required,  and  to  which  you  will  no  doubt  give  due  consid- 
eration. 

I  must  again  call  your  earnest  attention  to  measures  which 
may  have  a  beneficial  influence  in  increasing  the  Hawaiian  race, 
and  in  preserving  the  people.  You  will  be  careful  that  no  leg- 
islation be  neglected  which  may  conduce  towards  this  end. 

I  recommend  to  your  attention  the  various  appropriations 
which  my  Ministers  have  estimated  as  necessary  for  carrying  on 


135 

the  Go^'ernnlent  during  the  next  biennial  period,  and  I  would 
especially  call  to  your  notice  the  advisability  of  appropriating 
what  sums  may  be  requisite  for  the  encouragement  of  Agricul- 
ture and  Immigration;  for  a  new  Inter-island  Steamer,  and  for 
continuing  the  Survey  of  the  country. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  thankful  for  the  blessings  which 
this  nation  has  enjoyed  in  the  past,  I  trust  that  your  delibera- 
tions may  result  in  our  increase  of  happiness  and  prosperity 
throughout  the  Kingdom. 

W'e  do  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


136 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 


n  April  29. 


Nobles. 
Session  of  1876. 


Sat  127  Days. 


Ended  September  30. 


G.   KHODES. 


BISHOP,   C.   E. 
CASTLE,   W.   R.* 
DOMINIS,  J.   O. 
GREEN,  W.  L.* 
KAAI,  S.  K. 
KANOA,  P. 
KAHANU,   H. 
LELEIOHOKU,    W. 
MOANAULI,  J. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J. 
WALKER,  J.  S.* 


P. 


President. 

CASTLE,   S.   N. 
CLEGHORN,  A.  S 
DOWSETT,  J.  L 
ISENBERG,  P. 
KANAINA,   C. 
KAPENA,  J.  M. 
KUIHELANI,   H. 
MARTIN,  W.  T. 
MOEHONUA,  W. 
PARKER,  J.  P. 
WILDER,   S.  G. 


L.* 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


L.  AHOLO, 
AIWOHI,  S. 
BIRCH,   T.   N. 
GAY,  J.   W. 
HALSTEAD,  W.  H. 
KAHUILA,   J. 
KAIUE,  D.  W. 
KAMAKAU,  S.   M.*i 
KANEALII,  L.  W.  P. 
LILIKALANI,  E.  K. 
MAHOE,  S.  K. 
NAILI,  J.  L. 
NAUKANA,  S. 
PILIPO,  G.  W. 
WANA,  J. 


M. 


GODFREY 


Vice-President. 

]?ARENABA,  G. 
BROWN,  CECIL.* 
HALEMANU,   G.   W.  D. 
HELEKUNIHI,   E. 
KAINA,  L. 
KALAUKOA,  A.  P. 
KAMAUOHA,   K. 
KAUAI,   J. 
MAHELONA,  S.  W. 
NAHAKU,  J.  A. 
NAKALEKA,  J. 
NAWAHI,  J. 
PRESTON,  E. 
WATERHOUSE,   H.   _ 
BROWN,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


From  September  18,  vice  Kamakau,  deceased. 
Died  September  4. 


137 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1876. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  congratulate  you  upon  the  termination  of  our  unusually  pro- 
tracted session,  and  I  desire  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the 
services  of  all  those  gentlemen,  whether  Nobles  or  Representa- 
tives, who  at  considerable  personal  sacrifice,  have  devoted  their 
time  to  Legislative  duties. 

The  appropriations  which  you  have  made  for  the  different 
branches  of  the  Government,  are  on  a  liberal  scale,  and  it  will 
now  be  the  duty  of  my  Ministers  to  see  that  the  several  sums  are 
spent  economically,  so  as  to  secure  the  greatest  possible  advantage 
to  the  Kingdom. 

I  trust,  that  the  Laws,  which  you  have  enacted,  will  be  pro- 
ductive of  all  the  benefits  which  you  anticipate,  and  amongst  the 
resolutions  which  it  has  pleased  you  to  pass.  I  look  forward  with 
hope  to  the  good  effects  which  may  spring  from  the  one  by 
which  you  recommend  the  Appointment  of  Commissioners,  to 
devise  Ways  and  Means,  to  arrest  the  decay  and  decrease  of  the 
original  Hawaiian  Race. 

I  cannot  omit  also  to  express  my  gratification,  that  during  your 
Session  everything  has  been  accomplished  to  carry  into  effect 
the  Reciprocity  Convention,  with  the  United  States  of  America, 
a  convention  which  must  result  in  increased  prosperity  to  the 
Nation,  and  which  should  materially  aid  in  preserving  the  Ha- 
waiian race,  by  offering  to  the  people,  an  incentive  to  industry, 
one  of  the  surest  means  of  preserving  health,  and  long  life. 

I  have  to  thank  you  for  the  liberal  provision,  which  you  have 
made  for  myself  and  family. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  when  you  return  to  your  homes, 
I  trust  that  you  will  impress  upon  the  people,  the  necessity  of 
respecting  the  laws  and  of  laboring  diligently  for  the  advance- 
ment of  themselves  and  families;  and  let  them  remember  that 
whilst  they  have  now  presented  to  them  an  opportunity  of  secur- 
ing their  prosperity,  such  prosperity,  can  only  be  secured  by 
industry^  and  by  respecting  the  laws  of  God  and  man. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Kingdom  pro- 
rogued. 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  APRIL  30TH,  1878. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

On  the  10th  day  of  April  last  year  it  pleased  Ahnighty  God  to 
take  from  me  by  death  my  beloved  Brother,  Prince  William  Pitt 
Leleiohoku,  whose  promise  of  future  usefulness  to  the  nation  was 
thus  early  terminated.  He  had  endeared  himself  to  the  People 
by  his  intelligent  interest  in  their  welfare,  and  had  evinced  traits 
of  character,  which  made  him  a  wise  councilor  befitting  his  posi- 
tion as  Heir  Apparent. 

I  have  appointed  and  caused  to  be  proclaimed,  my  beloved 
Sister,  Lydia  Kamakaeha  Liliuokalani,  as  Heiress  Apparent. 

Our  Treaty  of  Commercial  Reciprocity  with  the  United  States 
took  effect  September  9th.  1876;  its  operation  indicates  that  it 
will  be  a  source  of  mutual  benefit,  and  that  as  our  productions 
increase  with  the  market  thus  afforded  for  them,  our  importa- 
tions, not  only  from  the  United  States,  but  from  other  countries 
will  increase  in  like  ratio. 

The  effect  of  this  treaty  upon  certain  articles  of  the  British 
Treaty  having  been  called  in  question,  I  dispatched  the  Hon.  H. 
A.  P.  Carter  as  My  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  Great  Britain,  to 
confer  with  the  British  Government. 

Notice  has  been  given,  under  the  provision  of  Article  17,  of 
my  desire  to  terminate  Article  4  of  the  British  Treaty,  to  take 
effect  July  3rd  of  the  present  year.  Mr.  Carter,  who  was  also 
empowered  to  negotiate  a  Treaty  with  Germany,  has  not  yet  re- 
turned from  his  Mission. 

The  Finances  of  the  Kingdom  continue  to  be  in  a  satisfactory 
condition.  The  Report  of  my  Minister  of  Finance  will  show  a 
detailed  account  of  Receipts  and  Expenditures.  The  Adminis- 
tration of  Justice  remains  able  and  impartial. 

The  Health  of  My  People  is  a  subject  constantly  in  My  Mind; 
the  recommendation  of  the  Board  of  Health  to  continue  to  en- 
force the  measures  heretofore  adopted  cannot  safely  be  neglected. 
I  request  you  to  give  this  subject  your  earnest  consideration. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Immigration  will  show  you  that 
efforts  have  been  made  to  obtain  immigrants  from  India,  the 
Western  Islands,  and  Polynesia. 

An  Electric  Telegraph  has  been  established  by  private  enter- 
prise on  Maui  which  may  I  hope  be  extended  by  Cable  between 
the  Islands. 

The  opening  of  Narrow  Gauge  Railroads  on  Hawaii  and  Maui 
may  be  a  subject  well  worthy  of  your  attention. 

It  is  desirable  that  frequent  changes  of  the  Laws  or  the  making 
of  unnecessary  new  laws  should  be  avoided,  but  upon  this  subject, 
as  in  all  your  deliberations,  may  you  be  guided  by  sound  wisdom. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  now  declare  the  Legislative 
Assembly  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


139 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 

Session  of  1878. 


Began  April  30. 


Ended  August  6. 


Sat  78  Days. 


G.  RHODES, 
BISHOP,  C.  R. 
CLEGHORN,  A.  S. 
DOWSETT,  J.  I. 
ISENBERG,  P. 
KAEO,  P.  Y. 
KUIHELANI,   H. 
KAPENA,  J.  M.* 
MARTIN,  W.   T. 
MOEHONUA,  W.  L. 
PARKER,   J.   P. 
PRESTON,    E.* 


Fresident. 

CASTLE,  S.  N. 
DOMINIS,  J.  O. 
HARTWELL,   A.   S.* 
KAAI,   S.   K.*i 
KAHANU,  H. 
KANOA,  P. 
KIPI,    S. 
MOANAULI,   J. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J.*2 
PIERCE,  H.   A.* 
WILDER,   S.   G.*i 


*  Minister. 
*1  Sat  as  a  Noble  to  July  3,  as  a  Minister  from  that  date. 
*2  Sat  as  a  Minister  to  July  3,  as  a  Noble  from  that  date. 

Representatives. 


L.    AHOLO, 
BICKERTON,  R.  F. 
CASTLE,   W.   R. 
GIBSON,   W.  M. 
HANUNA,  J.  K. 
KAIAIKAWAHA,  J.  N. 
KANEALII,  L.  W.  P. 
KAPAHU,  J.  N. 
KAUKAU,   A. 
KEALAWAA,  M.  K. 
KUPAIT,  J. 
MAHOE,  D.   B. 
MOANAULI,  J.   W. 
NAWAHI,  J. 
PANIANI,  S. 

GODFREY 


Vice-President. 

HALSTEAD,  W.  H. 
KAANAANA,   S. 
KAMAUOHA,   K. 
KAOLIKO,  J.   K. 
KAUAI,  J. 
KAUKAU,  J.  A. 
KEAU,    J. 
KUPIHEA,  S.  K. 
MALO,   D. 
NAKALEKA,  J. 
PALOHAU,   G.   B. 
PILIPO,  G.  W. 
SMITH,  W.  O. 

BROWN,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


1^0 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1878. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  congratulate  you  on  the  termination  of  your  labors,  and  it  is 
gratifying  that  the  Nation  exhibits  continued  signs  of  prosperity. 

Since  the  opening  of  the  Legislature,  the  Hon.  H.  A.  P.  Carter, 
my  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  Great  Britain  and  other  European 
States,  has  returned,  and  has  brought  with  him  a  Protocol  of  a 
Treaty  with  His  Imperial  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Germany, 
which  will  be  of  general  advantage  to  the  Kingdom;  and,  as  his 
report  has  made  known  to  you,  there  is  no  cause  of  difference 
between  this  Kingdom  and  any  other  Country;  and  I  am  also 
pleased  that  you  appreciate  his  services. 

I  feel  deeply  your  loyalty  and  attachment  to  myself  and  family 
as  evinced  by  the  very  liberal  provision  you  have  made  for  my- 
self and  them,  and  for  my  personal  comfort,  and  by  the  manner 
in  which  you  have  so  cordially  responded  to  the  communication 
I  felt  necessitated  to  make  to  you. 

I  must  also  express  my  gratification  at  the  various  measures 
you  have  passed  to  aid  in  developing  the  resources  of  the  King- 
dom by  promoting  the  construction  of  railways  and  other  public 
works  of  a  permanent  nature,  and  for  sanitary  purposes. 

My  Ministers  will,  during  the  recess,  devote  themselves  to  the 
consideration  of  such  matters  as  will  promote  the  general  welfare 
of  the  Kingdom. 

Again  I  thank  you  for  the  large  appropriations  you  have  made 
for  the  public  service,  and  my  Ministers  will  expend  the  same  in  a 
manner  calculated  to  carry  out  the  object  of  such  appropriations. 

Trusting  that  the  All-wise  Ruler  will  continue  to  watch  over 
and  protect  my  Kingdom  and  subjects,  I  now  declare  this  Legis- 
lature of  the  Kingdom  prorogued. 


141 

HIS  ^lAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  APRIL  30TH,  1880. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

You  are  again  called  together  to  deliberate  upon  and  adopt 
measures  for  the  advancement  of  Our  Country. 

The  measures  adopted  at  the  last  Session  of  the  Legislature 
have  been  vigorously  carried  out,  and  I  have  to  congratulate  you 
that  they  have  been  beneficial  to  the  interests  of  the  nation. 

The  products  of  the  soil  have  been  abundant,  prices  have  been 
remunerative,  so  that  Our  Country  in  every  locality  shows  the 
evidences  of  advancement  and  prosperity. 

Foreign  Nations  continue  to  manifest  towards  Our  Country 
every  feeling  of  good  will. 

At  the  prorogation  of  the  former  Legislature  it  was  stated 
that  a  protocol  of  a  treaty  of  Commerce  with  the  Empire  of 
Germany,  had  been  entered  into,  and  I  have  now  much  pleasure 
in  informing  you  that  such  Treaty  has  been  duly  ratified  and 
now  only  awaits  the  action  of  the  German  Parliament  to  come 
into  full  efifect,  and  I  trust  that  before  your  labors  are  ended  the 
Government  will  be  enabled  to  state  that  such  Treaty  is  in  force. 

I  am  also  pleased  that  Negotiations  entered  into  between  My 
Government  and  that  of  His  Majesty  the  King  of  Denmark,  for 
a  modification  of  Article  VII,  of  the  Treaty  with  Denmark,  have 
been  brought  to  a  successful  result. 

Peace  and  good  order  have  prevailed  throughout  our  borders, 
and  justice  has  continued  to  be  administered  equitably,  and  in  a 
manner  satisfactory. 

To  guard  against  the  recurrence  of  epidemics,  My  Government 
will  introduce  a  measure  for  the  purpose  of  making  and  main- 
taining a  system  of  sewerage  for  the  city  of  Honolulu. 

I  earnestly  appeal  to  your  patriotism,  to  devote  your  time  to 
the  consideration  of  other  sanitary  measures  which  may  in  your 
opinion  be  best  adapted  to  improve  and  secure  the  health  of  My 
people. 

The  increasing  prosperity  of  the  Nation  encourages  the  promo- 
tion of  measures  for  greater  facilities  of  communication  and 
transportation,  both  among  ourselves  and  with  foreign  countries, 
and  in  that  view  I  would  recommend  projects  for  the  construc- 
tion of  railroads,  for  telegraphic  communication  between  the 
Islands,  and  I  do  not  doubt  that  you  will  carefully  consider  our 
means  of  communication  with  Foreign  countries. 

The  provisions  for  Immigration  at  the  last  Session  were  lib- 
eral, and  My  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  inform  you  in  his 
report  of  the  number  of  persons  who  have  been  introduced  during 


142 

the  last  two  years  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Immi- 
gration. 

The  different  enterprises  which  have  been  undertaken  in  this 
behalf,  have  been  carefully  considered,  and  I  hope  will  so  com- 
mend themselves  to  you. 

I  regard  this  branch  of  the  Public  Service  as  of  importance, 
and  I  trust  that  you  will  make  liberal  provision  for  the  continu- 
ance of  the  efforts  to  attract  people  to  our  shores. 

The  Report  of  the  Minister  of  Finance  will  show  you  that  our 
finances  are  in  a  prosperous  condition,  and  that  a  reasonably 
liberal  expenditure  will  insure  an  adequate  return  and  increased 
prosperity. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  earnestly  pray  that  your  counsels 
and  deliberations  may  be  guided  with  wisdom,  for  the  safety, 
honor,  and  welfare  of  Our  Kingdom. 

I  now  declare  this  Session  of  the  Legislature  opened. 


143 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 


Began  April  30. 


Nobles. 
Session  of  1880. 

Sat  86  Days. 


Ended  August  13. 


C.  E.  BISHOP,  President. 

BUSH,   J.   E.  CASTLE,   S.   N. 

CLEGHORN,  A.  S.  DOMINIS,  J.   O. 

DOWSETT,   J.   I.  ISENBERCt,   P. 

JUDD,   C.   H.  KAAI,  S.  K.* 

KAEO,  P.  Y.  KAHANU,   H.   A. 

KANOA,  P.  KAPENA,  J.  M.* 

KUIHELANI,   H.  MARTIN,  W.   T. 

MOANAULI,  J.  MOTT-SMITH,  J. 

PARKER,  J.  P.  PRESTON,   E.* 

RHODES,   G.  WILDER,  S.  G. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


L.  AHOLO; 
BAKER,   R.   H. 
BECKLEY,  r.  W. 
GIBSON,   W.   M. 
HANUNA,  J.  K. 
KAANAANA,  J.  S.* 
KAKINA,   J. 
KALAULI,  A.*l 
KALUA,  J.   W. 
KAUNAMANO,   J.   K. 
KUAPUU,  S.  K. 
KUPIHEA,  S.  K. 
MAHI,    H.   U.*3 
NAHAKU,   J.    A. 
PILIPO,   G.  W. 
WILCOX,  G.  N. 

J.  M.  MOX 


,  Vice-President. 

GLENDON,  G. 
KAAI,  S.  W. 
KAHULU,   H.   K 
KALAMA,   C.   N. 
KAPAHU,  J.  N.*-' 
KAULUKOU,  J.   L. 
KEAU,   J. 

KUNUIAKEA,  A.  K. 
LILIKALANI,  E.   K. 
MAHOE,  S.  K. 
NAWAHI,  J. 
WAHINE,  D.  B. 
WILCOX,  R.  W. 
WOODS,  J. 

SARRAT,  Secy.  Legislative  Assemllij. 


*  From  May  21,  vice  Main,  deceased. 
*i  Died  June  16. 

**2  Prom  July  12,  vice  Kalauli,  deceased. 
*^  Died  May  6. 


144 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1880. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

I  congratulate  you  on  the  close  of  the  duties  which  have  de- 
volved upon  you  during  this  Session  of  the  Legislature. 

You  have  given  careful  consideration  to  many  measures  affect- 
ing the  welfare  of  My  Throne  and  Kingdom,  and  passed  several 
Acts  which  will  doubtless  prove  beneficial  to  our  beloved  Coun- 
try, and  enable  Me  to  conduct  My  Government  for  the  highest 
good  of  all  who  live  under  the  protection  of  our  laws,  and  to 
maintain  all  our  good  relations  and  friendship  with  foreign 
powers 

I  have  observed  with  satisfaction  the  willingness  with  which 
you  have  voted  liberal  appropriations  for  Immigration,  and  for 
the  conservation  of  the  health  of  My  people. 

I  thank  you  for  the  very  generous  and  loyal  provision  made 
for  Her  Majesty  the  Queen  and  the  Royal  Family. 

The  Treaty  of  Friendship,  Commerce  and  Navigation  and  Con- 
sular Convention,  concluded  by  My  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  Berlin,  and  fully  ratified  by  My  Great 
and  Good  Friend,  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  has  been  laid  before 
you  by  My  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  on  separating  and  proceeding  to 
your  several  homes  you  will  carry  with  you  a  deepening  sense  of 
the  great  responsibility  which  rests  upon  all  the  branches  of  My 
Government,  to  conduct  the  affairs  of  our  beloved  Country  with 
a  wise  appreciation  of  the  era  of  prosperity  with  which  we  are 
blessed  at  present. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislative  Assembly  prorogued. 


145 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  APRIL  29TH,  1882. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Since  the  prorogation  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  in  August, 
1880,  a  portion  of  My  Kingdom  has  sutTered  from  the  plague  of 
Small  Pox.  Happily,  through  the  unremitting  exertions  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  the  disease  was  confined  to  the  Islands  of  Oahu 
and  Kauai,  and  in  the  latter  Island  it  was  by  strict  quarantine 
regulations  confined  within  narrow  bounds.  It  gives  me  pleasure 
to  recognize  the  exertions  of  the  officers  of  the  Government  in 
the  performance  of  their  arduous  duties  during  this  trying  period, 
which,  combined  with  the  willing  cooperation  and  self-denial  of 
the  people  at  large,  contributed  so  much  to  limit  the  ravages  of 
the  pestilence. 

Our  relations  with  Foreign  Governments  continue  in  the  most 
satisfactory  state.  At  the  desire  of  the  Government  of  the  Em- 
peror of  Japan,  a  revision  of  the  Treaty  with  that  country  was 
undertaken,  but  certain  political  relations  of  the  Empire  with 
some  of  the  Great  Powers  induced  the  Japanese  Government  to 
request  that  the  final  ratification  of  said  revised  Treaty  should 
be  postponed  for  the  present,  and  His  Imperial  Majesty  the 
Emperor  of  Japan  sent  a  Special  Envoy  to  the  Country  to  explain 
the  situation. 

I  heartily  appreciate  the  enthusiasm  of  My  people  on  my  return 
from  abroad.  During  my  recent  tour  around  the  world  I  was 
received  in  the  most  hospitable  and  friendly  manner  by  the 
Rulers  and  Governments  of  the  difit'erent  Countries  through  which 
1  passed.  I  shall  always  look  back  with  pleasure  to  this  trip,  and 
I  trust  that  what  I  saw  and  learned  may  accrue  to  the  benefit  of 
My  people. 

The  figures  which  My  Minister  of  Finance  will  lay  before  you 
in  his  Report,  clearly  exhibit  the  progressive  and  flourishing  con- 
dition of  our  Agriculture,  Commerce,  and  Finance,  mainly  due  no 
doubt  to  the  Treaty  of  Reciprocity  with  our  near  neighbor  the 
United  States  of  America,  with  which  country  our  main  Com- 
merce has  always  been  carried  on.  What  this  Kingdom  seems 
most  to  require  to  ensure  a  continuance  of  its  present  prosperity 
is  a  thoroughly  organized  system  of  Immigration  of  families  from 
some  Country  whose  inhabitants  will  be  congenial  to  our  soil,  to 
our  sub-tropical  climate,  to  our  institutions,  and  above  all  to  our 
own  people.  Whilst  we  welcome  industrious  families  from  all 
parts  of  the  world,  experience  so  far  seems  to  point  to  the  Por- 
tuguese from  the  Azores  as  those  most  readily  available  and 
likely  to  meet  our  requirements,  and  in  view  of  the  circumstance 
that  difficulties  had  arisen  in  keeping  up  this  stream  of  suitable 


146 

population.  I  dispatched  in  December  last,  My  Minister  of  Inte- 
rior, His  Excellency  H.  A.  P.  Carter,  to  Lisbon  to. endeavor  to 
remove  those  difficulties,  and  w^ith  full  powers  to  make  a  Treaty 
with  His  Majesty  the  King  of  Portugal.  1  have  every  reason  to 
believe  that  his  efforts  will  be  successful.  Such  a  system  of 
Immigration,  and  numerous  public  improvements,  imperatively 
called  for  in  this  progressive  stage  of  our  history,  will  require  a 
considerable  outlay  during  the  next  biennial  period  and  My  Min- 
ister of  Finance  will  ask  you  to  pass  measures  authorizing  a 
specific  Loan  for  Immigration  and  for  each  great  public  im- 
provement as  it  may  be  approved  by  the  Legislature. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  thankful  to  the  Almighty  for  the 
blessings  which  this  Nation  has  enjoyed  in  the  past,  I  trust  that 
your  deliberations  may  result  in  an  increase  of  happiness  and  a 
continuance  of  prosperity  throughout  the  Kingdom. 

We  do  now  declare  the  Legislature  of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


147 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Nobles. 


Session  of  1882. 


Began  April  29. 


Sat  77  Days. 


Ended  Augfust  7. 


G.  EHODES, 
AEMSTEONG,   W.   K* 
BUSH,    J.  E.*i 
DOMINIS,  J.   O. 
GIBSON,  W.  M.* 
ISENBEEG,   P. 
KAAE,  J. 
KANOA,  P. 
KAPENA,  J.  M. 
MAETIN,  W.   T. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J. 
PEESTON,  E.* 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A. 


President. 

BISHOP,   C.   E. 
CLEGHOEN,  A.   S. 
DOWSETT,  J.  I. 
GEEEN,  W.  L.* 
JUDD,  C.  H. 
KAAI,  8.  K.*i 
KANOA,  P.  P. 
KUIHELANI,  H. 
MOANAULI,  J. 
PAEKEE,  J.  P. 
WALKEE,  J.   S.* 
WILDEE,  S.  G. 


Minister. 

Sat  as  a  Noble  to  May  20,  and 


AIWOHI,  S. 
GAEDNEE,  J. 
HAUPU,  P. 
KALUHI,  J. 
KAUAI,  J. 
KAUKAU,  A.*i 
KAUNAMANO,  J,  I 
KEAU,  J.*2 
LAHILAHI,   H.   W. 
MAHOE,  S.  K. 
NAKALEKA,   J. 
NAWAHI,  J. 
PALOHAU,  G.  B. 
EICE,  W.  H.*3 


Minister  from  that  date. 
Representatives. 

L.  AHOLO,  rice-Fresident. 

BEOWN,  FEANK 
GIBSON,   W.   M.* 
KALUA,  J.  W. 
KAMAKELE,  J. 
KAUHANE,  J. 
KAULUKOU,  J.  L. 
:.  KAUWILA,  J.  M. 

KUPIHEA,  S.  K. 
LILIKALANI,  E.  K. 
NAHINU,  D.  H. 
NAKOOKOO,  J. 
PAHIA,  F. 
PILIPO,  G.  W. 
EICHAEDSON,  G.  E. 

E.  A.  PIEECE,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


*  Eesigned  May  22  to  accept  appointment  of  Minister,  Foreign  Affairs. 
*i  Elected  at  a  Special  Election.     Seated  May  29   (see  Chap.  1,  Laws 
1882). 
*2  From  June  5,  vice  Gibson,  resigned. 
*3Did  not  take  his  seat  until  May  29. 


148 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1882. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

The  session  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  1882  has  finished 
its  labors,  and  I  congratulate  you  at  the  close  of  your  delibera- 
tions, on  the  general  prosperity  of  the  Kingdom,  and  on  account 
of  a  common  hope  in  which  I  cordially  share  that  my  Kingdom 
is  assured  a  new  departure  in  the  way  of  beneficent  progress. 

I  am  happy  to  state  that  our  relations  with  Foreign  Govern- 
ments continue  to  be  of  the  most  satisfactory  character.  His 
Excellency  H.  A.  P.  Carter,  my  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  the 
Court  of  Lisbon,  has  concluded  a  provisional  convention  with 
the  Government  of  His  Majesty  the  King  of  Portugal  which 
favors  immigration  to  our  Islands. 

You  have  provided  amply  for  the  best  interests  of  the  Kingdom 
— for  the  immigration  to  promote  repopulation ;  for  the  sanitary 
welfare  of  the  people ;  for  increased  and  improved  facilities  of 
transit  and  communication,  both  inter-island  and  foreign ;  for  the 
care  of  our  national  interests  abroad^ — especially  the  Treaty  of 
Reciprocity  with  the  Government  of  the  United  States ;  for  more 
effective  police  administration ;  for  the  internal  peace  of  the  coun- 
try ;  and  for  the  encouragement  of  its  chief  industries.  And  I 
feel  assured  that  these  liberal  provisions  will  be  judiciously  ad- 
ministered and  faithfully  carried  into  execution  by  my  Ministers. 

I  thank  you,  gentlemen,  for  the  generous  provision  made  for 
myself.  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  and  for  other  members  of  the 
Royal  Family. 

I  desire  to  express  my  appreciation  of  your  legislation  on 
various  measures  calculated  to  promote  the  welfare  of  my  people  ; 
especially  in  the  passage  of  acts  to  consolidate  and  simplify  our 
tax  laws ;  to  provide  a  loan  for  important  measures  of  internal 
improvement ;  to  promote  a  more  effective  control  of  the  traffic 
in  spirituous  liquors ;  for  the  settlement  of  certain  claims  against 
Crown  Lands ;  for  the  audit  of  Public  accounts ;  and  for  the  Cor- 
onation. 

I  trust  at  the  close  of  your  public  duties,  and  on  proceeding  to 
your  several  homes,  you  will  as  the  result  of  your  meetings  and 
deliberations  in  the  National  Council,  bear  with  you  a  warmer 
love  of  your  country,  and  a  deeper  interest  in  your  nationality 
and  independence,  and  that  in  your  several  walks  of  life  you  will 
give  assurance  to  your  several  Constituencies  of  the  watctful 
interest  of  the  Government  in  their  welfare,  and  that  conjointly 
with  them  you  will  strive  for  the  best  welfare  of  my  Kingdom. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  pray  that  the  Almighty  will 
have  you  in  His  keeping.  I  now  declare  the  Legislative  Assembly 
of  1882  prorogued. 


149 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  APRIL  26TH,  1884. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Since  the  prorogation  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  in  1882,  My 
Kingdom  has  enjoyed  a  period  of  unprecedented  prosperity — 
when  industry  and  enterprise  have  met  an  ample  reward,  and  all 
the  material  interests  of  the  country  have  been  largely  developed, 
as  shown  in  the  reports  of  the  Officers  of  My  Government  by  a 
large  and  steady  increase  of  production,  exportation  and  revenue. 

During  the  period  that  has  elapsed,  I  have  had  to  deplore  the 
loss  of  two  members  of  the  Royal  Family — H.  R.  H.  the  late 
Princess  Ruth  Keelikolani,  and  H.  R.  H.  the  late  Princess  Vic- 
toria Kinoiki  Kekaulike,  the  Governess  of  Hawaii. 

I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  give  you  assurances  of  My  continued 
friendly  relations  with  all  the  powers  of  the  world. 

The  concurrence  of  many  great  powers,  especially  of  the 
United  States,  of  Great  Britain,  of  France,  of  Germany,  of 
Russia,  Portugal  and  of  Japan  in  the  celebration  of  the  Corona- 
tion of  Myself  and  Royal  Consort,  and  their  official  representa- 
tion at  the  ceremonial  was  an  assurance  and  guarantee  most  grati- 
fying to  Us  and  the  Nation,  that  the  enlightened  spirit  of  the 
Governments  of  these  Great  States  recognized  this  event  as  an 
expression  of  national  will  for  the  promotion  of  loyalty  and  of 
national  sentiment  among  the  Hawaiian  People. 

Animated  by  these  assurances  of  good  will,  and  ever  bearing  in 
mind  the  cordial  manifestations  of  friendship  towards  My  Person 
by  Sovereigns  and  Governments  of  Great  States  on  the  occasion 
of  My  visit  at  their  Courts,  I  have  been  anxious  to  maintain 
these  relations,  and  therefore  commissioned  as  Special  Envoy 
Colonel  the  Honorable  Curtis  P.  laukea,  to  be  the  bearer  of  My 
heartfeU  regards  to  the  Sovereigns  and  Heads  of  States  who  have 
so  signally  honored  Me  and  My  State ;  and  it  is  with  great  satis- 
faction that  I  speak  of  his  reception  at  the  Courts  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  Russia,  Austria,  Italy  and  Servia  as  being  a  wel- 
come accorded  to  the  trusted  Messenger  of  a  beloved  Friend. 

My  relations  with  the  United  States  of  America  continue  to  be 
of  the  most  satisfactory  character.  The  Treaty  of  Reciprocity 
which  has  completed  a  stipulated  period,  is  yet  maintained  by 
both  Governments  as  a  measure  of  mutual  national  advantage 
and  friendship,  but  I  desiring  to  give  greater  stability  to  the  in- 
dustrial enterprises  of  the  country,  have  assented  to  a  proposal 
for  its  continuance  for  a  renewed  period,  and  My  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary at  Washington  has  been  instructed  to  act  in  accord- 
ance with  this  policy. 

The  enterprise  of  immigration  of  Portuguese  and  other  peoples, 


150 

as  a  measure  for  repopulation  of  My  Kingdom,  has  largely  en- 
gaged the  attention  of  My  Ministers  during  the  late  biennial 
period,  and  liberal  supplies  for  furthering  this  object  were  voted 
by  the  late  Assembly. 

That  measure  is  fraught  with  so  much  importance  to  the  future 
welfare  of  the  country,  that  it  should  again  be  fully  considered 
and  receive  your  very  earnest  deliberation. 

The  settlement  in  the  country  of  Portuguese,  and  other  immi- 
grants who  have  fulfilled  a  term  of  service  is  most  desirable,  and 
My  Ministers  will  submit  to  you  measures  to  promote  their  resi- 
dence as  a  permanent  part  of  the  population  of  My  Kingdom. 

The  subject  of  the  currency  of  the  Kingdom  has  received  the 
attention  of  My  Government  during  the  late  period. 

The  Assembly  of  1880  having  passed  a  law  to  provide  a  Na- 
tional Coinage,  engagements  were  entered  into  with  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  and  with  the  Officers  of  the  Mint  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  by  which  it  was  agreed  that  a  Silver 
Coinage  for  My  Kingdom  should  be  executed  of  precisely  the 
same  weight  and  standard  of  fineness  as  that  of  the  United  States. 
This  has  been  accomplished  and  furthermore  the  subject  of  a 
monetary  exchange  has  been  discussed  with  authorities  at  Wash- 
ington, and  there  is  ground  for  hope  that  the  currency  of  the  two 
countries  will  ere  long  be  interchangeable. 

I  regret  to  speak  of  a  national  affiliction  of  what  is  deemed  a 
disease  of  a  contagious  nature,  but  the  measures  taken  by  the 
Health  Authorities  in  carrying  out  the  law  of  segregation  have 
placed  the  evil  under  better  sanitary  control  than  ever  before,  and 
I  am  very  hopeful  of  increased  health  in  My  Kingdom,  and  an 
improved  sanitary  condition  of  the  country,  owing  in  part  to  the 
ministrations  of  Sisters  of  Charity,  Avho  have  come  to  the  help  of 
My  People  with  their  devotion  of  spirit  and  faithful  nursing  skill ; 
so  that  T  trust  that  the  disease  will  not  only  be  held  in  check,  but 
controlled  to  the  point  to  which  charity  and  human  skill  can 
attain. 

I  deem  it  important  to  call  your  attention  to  the  Law  of  the 
Assembly  of  1882,  to  "Regulate  the  Sale  of  Spirituous  Liquors," 
which  by  its  own  terms  expires  in  October  next.  I  trust  that  you 
will  give  to  this  subject  your  most  earnest  attention,  and  taking 
into  consideration  the  operation  of  the  Law,  will  determine  in 
your  deliberation  such  action  as  may  be  best  calculated  to  pro- 
mote temperate  habits  among  My  People  and  the  general  wel- 
fare of  My  Kingdom. 

The  subject  of  Submarine  Telegraphic  Communications,  both 
Inter-island  and  Trans-oceanic,  has  been  earnestly  considered  and 
taken  in  hand  by  My  Government,  a  complete  line  of  soundings 
between  the  Islands  of  Hawaii,  Maui.  Molokai,  Oahu  and  Kauai, 
having  been  taken  by  order  of  My  Minister  of  the  Interior,  who 


151 

will  submit  the  subject  of  Submarine  Cable  Communications  as  a 
National  Hawaiian  enterprise  for  your  consideration. 

My  Minister  of  the  Interior  will  also  submit  for  your  consider- 
ation, plans  for  the  supply  of  Honolulu  with  an  abundance  of 
water  to  an  extent  commensurate  with  a  large  future  development 
of  the  city. 

I  am  anxious  in  view  of  the  large  increase  of  a  mixed  people  in 
My  Kingdom,  that  the  military  and  police  administration  of  the 
country  should  be  placed  upon  a  more  effective  basis,  and  the 
Attorney  General  of  My  Kingdom  will  place  before  you  plans  and 
estimates  to  provide  for  the  increased  effectiveness  of  this  most 
important  branch  of  the  public  service. 

My  Minister  of  Finance  will  lay  before  you  the  estimates  for 
the  biennial  period  we  have  now  entered  upon.  I  am  pleased  to 
observe  in  these  estimates  a  earful  consideration  of  the  resources 
and  capabilities  of  the  country. 

I  recognize  the  importance  of  economic  administration  to  our 
national  credit  as  well  as  to  internal  development.  And  I  am 
well  content  that  My  Ministers  have  placed  their  estimates  of 
current  expenditure  within  the  estimate  of  current  revenue. 

I  pray  the  Almighty  that  you  will  be  guided  in  your  delibera- 
tions by  a  just  and  patriotic  spirit,  so  that  the  Nation  shall  be 
benefitted  by  your  consultations  and  decisions. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  now  declare  the  Legislature  of 
the  Kingdom  opened. 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 


Nobles. 
Session  of  1884. 


Began  April  26. 


Sat  96  Days. 


Ended  August  30. 


G.  EHODES, 


BISHOP,   C.   E. 
CLEGHOEN,  A.  S. 
DOWSETT,  J.  I. 
GULICK,   C.   T.* 
JUDD,  C.  H. 
KANOA,  P.  P. 
KUIHELANI,   H. 
MAETIN,  J.  H.  S. 
MOTT-SMITH,  J. 
PAEKEE,  J.  P. 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A. 


Fresident. 

BUSH,  J.  E. 
DOMINIS,  J.  O. 
GIBSON,   W.   M.* 
ISENBEEG,  P. 
KAAE,   J. 
KAPENA,    J.    M.* 
MACFAELANE,    G. 
MAETIN,  W.   T. 
NEUMANN,  P.* 
WALKEE,  J.   S. 
WILDEE,   S.  G. 


Minister. 


Representatives. 


L.  AHOLO,  Tice- 
AMAEA,    J. 
BAKEE,  J.   T. 
BEOWN,  CECIL 
BEOWN,   GODFEEY 
GAEDNEE,  J. 
KAUHANE,   J. 
KAMAKELE,  J. 
KAULIA,   A. 
KAUNAMANO,  J.  K. 
KEAU,  J. 

LILIKALANI,  E.  K. 
NAKALEKA,  J. 
PALOHAU,  G.  B. 
EICHAEDSON,   J. 


Fresident. 

BEOWN,  FEANK. 
DOLE,  S.  B. 
HITCHCOCK,  D.  H. 
KALUA,  J.  W. 
KANEALII,  L.  W.  P. 
KAULUKOU,  J.  L. 
KAUWILA,  J.  M. 
KUPIHEA,   S.   K. 
NAHINU,  D.  H. 
NAWAHI,    J. 
PILIPO,  G.   W. 
EOWELL,  W.  E. 
SMITH,  W.  O. 


E.   A.   PIEECE,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 


153 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1884. 


N'oblcs  and  Representatives: 

I  congratulate  you  at  the  close  of  the  Session  of  1884,  on  the 
completion  of  your  legislative  duties. 

Your  legislative  action  for  the  promotion  of  immigration  and 
the  regulation  of  the  currency,  in  the  enactment  of  sundry  laws, 
calculated  to  be  of  great  benefit  to  the  community,  in  voting  lib- 
eral supplies  for  sanitary  and  educational  purposes,  and  for  the 
encouragement  of  commerce,  have  My  hearty  approval. 

I  thank  you  for  the  generous  vote  in  support  of  the  Civil  List. 

I  am  happy  to  state  that  My  Special  Envoy  abroad,  Hon.  Curtis 
P.  laukea.  whose  mission  I  announced  at  the  opening  of  the  Leg- 
islature, has  satisfactorily  accomplished  the  object  of  that  mission 
in  Europe,  and  was  most  successful  at  the  Court  of  Japan  in 
having  obtained  from  the  Government  of  the  Empire  a  liberal 
concession  to  promote  emigration  from  Japan  to  Hawaii. 

I  am  well  pleased  that  the  subject  of  Ocean  Telegraphy  to 
unite  the  Kingdom  with  the  Continent  by  cable,  has  been  favor- 
ably considered  by  your  body. 

My  relations  with  the  United  States  of  America  and  with  other 
powers,  continue  to  be  of  the  most  satisfactory  character. 

You  have  voted  supplies  for  the  biennial  period  largely  in 
excess  of  the  estimated  revenue  of  the  Kingdom,  but  My  Govern- 
ment recognizing  that  your  authorization  is,  to  a  large  extent 
permissive,  will  not  make  expenditures  beyond  the  receipt  of 
current  revenue,  except  for  immigration  and  important  works  of 
internal  improvement. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  on  the  occasion  of  separating  to 
return  to  your  homes,  I  trust  that  you  will,  when  among  your  con- 
stituents, invite  them  to  strive  conjointly  with  Myself  in  the  pro- 
motion of  the  peace,  progress  and  welfare  of  My  Kingdom. 

I  pray  that  the  Almighty  will  have  you  in  His  holy  keeping. 

I  now  declare  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  1884  prorogued. 


154 

HIS  AIAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  APRIL  30TH,   1886. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

During  the  interval  since  the  last  meeting  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  My  Kingdom  has  experienced  a  period  of  steady 
progress  notwithstanding  many  adverse  circumstances,  with 
which  in  common  with  every  civilized  country  in  the  world,  Ha- 
waii has  had  to  contend.  The  Nation  has  increased  in  population, 
in  productive  power,  and  in  general  welfare,  and  at  the  same 
time  enjoys,  as  I  am  well  assured,  a  better  standing  in  its  relations 
to  the  Great  Powers  of  the  world. 

The  arrangements  entered  into  for  reciprocal  commercial  ad- 
vantages between  Hawaii  and  the  United  States  of  America  have 
been  maintained,  to  the  mutual  benefit  of  the  two  countries.  It 
will  be  the  aim  of  My  Government  to  continue  to  maintain  these 
relations  wnth  our  great  neighbor.  At  the  same  time,  it  is  satis- 
factory to  Me  to  be  able  to  say,  that  the  condition  of  the  country 
and  of  our  growing  commercial  relations  with  various  parts  of 
the  world  are  sufficient  to  prove  that  My  Kingdom  contains  within 
itself  all  the  elements  and  conditions  of  a  steady  progress  and  of 
independent  prosperity. 

I  am  happy  to  state  to  you  that  great  and  friendly  Powers  of 
Europe,  conjointly  with  the  United  tSates  of  America,  have 
evinced  sympathy  with  the  policy  of  My  Government,  that  Ha- 
waii should  be  permitted  to  exercise  an  influence  in  Polynesia  to 
which  she  may  claim  to  be  entitled  by  superior  opportunities  and 
position.  This  influence  I  desire  to  have  exercised  in  the  political 
guidance  and  instruction  of  sister  Polynesian  communities  with 
the  view  to  the  promotion  among  them  of  civilized  forms  of  gov- 
ernment, and  the  securing  for  them  of  an  assured  independence. 

My  relations  with  My  Great  and  Good  Friend  the  Emperor  of 
Japan  continue  to  be  of  the  most  friendly  character,  and  My  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Affairs  has  concluded  the  negotiation  and  rati- 
fication of  a  Convention  of  Immigration  with  the  great  Empire, 
which  is  well  calculated  to  promote  the  favorable  development,  of 
all  industrial  enterprises  in  My  Kingdom. 

My  Minister  of  Finance  will  lay  before  you  a  statement  show- 
ing that  the  estimated  revenue  of  My  Kingdom  is  amply  suffi- 
cient to  meet  the  current  expenses  of  My  Government.  At  the 
same  time  there  will  be  presented  for  your  consideration  enter- 
prises of  an  exceptional  and  important  character,  such  as  immi- 
gration and  works  of  internal  improvement  which  can  only  be 
properly  carried  out  by  the  use  of  the  credit  of  the  Nation.  In 
view  of  the  necessity  for  these  exceptional  expenditures,  and  of 
the  charges  on  the  revenue  which  they  must  involve,  I  recommend 


155 

to  you  the  consideration  of  such  measures  of  supply  as  will  render 
the  financial  position  of  the  country  stable. 

The  care  of  the  health  of  My  people  has  occupied  very  fully 
the  attention  of  the  Authorities  charged  with  its  surveillance. 
Although  the  Nation  continues  to  be,  in  a  marked  manner,  af- 
flicted with  a  grievous  malady,  I  am  happy  to  give  you  the  assur- 
ance that,  with  improved  treatment,  the  disease  is  under  a  more 
assured  control. 

The  cause  of  education  continues  to  be  well  maintained  in  My 
Kingdom,  and  as  I  am  anxious  that  the  rising  generation  of 
Hawaiians  should  be  well  qualified  to  take  a  part  in  the  practical 
business  of  life,  I  recommend  that  provision  should  be  made  for 
the  establishment  of  a  technical  Institute. 

A  great  disaster  has  befallen  the  capital  in  a  fire  of  such  magni- 
tude, as  to  assume  the  proportions  of  a  national  calamity.  Hap- 
pily, however,  through  the  prompt  action  of  My  Government  sus- 
tained by  My  Privy  Council  of  State,  and  aided  by  the  ever-ready 
benevolence  of  citizens  of  Honolulu,  the  severity  of  the  misfor- 
tune has  been  greatly  mitigated.  I  recommend  for  your  early 
consideration  measures  for  the  restoration  of  the  destroyed  por- 
tion of  the  city,  in  a  manner  which  will  be  hereafter  recognized 
as  converting  a  national  loss  into  a  national  benefit. 

It  is  a  source  of  satisfaction  to  Me,  that  Ocean  Steam  Com- 
munication under  the  Hawaiian  Flag  has  become  an  established 
undertaking.  My  Ministers  will  recommend  for  your  considera- 
tion measures  for  the  encouragement  and  expansion  of  an  enter- 
prise so  essential  to  the  progress  and  prosperity  of  the  Kingdom. 

Gentlemen,  with  a  firm  trust  in  your  intelligence  and  patriotism, 
I  recommend  to  your  careful  consideration  and  action  the  meas- 
ures necessary  for  the  general  welfare  of  My  Kingdom,  and  I 
invoke  the  guidance  and  blessing  of  the  Almighty  upon  your 
deliberations. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  now  declare  the  Legislature  of 
the  Kingdom  opened. 


156 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 


n  April  30. 

J.  S. 
AHOLO,  L.* 
BUSH,  J.   E. 
CREIGHTON,  E.  J.* 
DOMINIS,  J.   O. 
GIBSON,  W.   M.* 
ISENBEEG,  P. 
KAAE,   J. 
KAPENA,  J.  M.*2 
KUIHELANI,  H. 
MARTIN,   J.   H.   S. 
NEUMANN,  P.* 
PARKER,   S. 
WIDEMANN,   H.   A. 


Nobles. 
Session  of  1886. 

Sat  129  Days. 


Ended  October  16. 


WALKER,  President. 

BISHOP,   C.   R. 
CLEGHORN,   A.    S. 
DARE,   J.   T.* 
DOWSETT,  J.  I. 
GULICK,  C.  T.*i 
JUDD,  C.  H. 
KANOA,  P.  P.* 
KAULUKOU,   J.   L.* 
MACFARLANE,    G.    W. 
MOTT-SMITH,   J. 
PARKER,  J.  P. 
RHODES,  G. 
WILDER,   S.  G. 


*  Minister. 

*i  Sat  as  a  Noble  to  June  30,  as  a  Minister  from  that  date. 
"2  Sat  as  a  Minister  to  June  30,  as  a  Noble  from  that  date. 

Representatives. 


L.  AHOLO, 
AMARA,   J. 
BAKER,   J.    T. 
BROWN,    CECIL. 
DICKEY,  C.  H. 
HAYSELDEN,  F.  H. 
KAUAI,   E.  L. 
KAUHI,  A. 
KAULIA,  A. 
KAULUKOU,  J.  L.*i 
KEAU,   J. 

LILIKALANI,    E.    K. 
NAHINU,  D.  H. 
PAHIA,  F. 
RICHARDSON,  G.  E. 


Vice-President. 

CASTLE,  W.  R. 
DOLE,  S.  B. 
KAAI,  S.  W. 
KAUHANE,  J. 
KAUKAU,  J.  A. 
KALUA,  J.  W. 
KAUNAMANO,  J. 
KEKOA,  E. 
NAHALE,  J.  K. 
PAEHAOLE,  A.  P. 
PALOHAU,  G.  B. 
THURSTON,  L.  A. 
WIGHT,  J. 


E.  A.  PIERCE,  Secy.  Legislative  Assembly. 

*  Resigned  October  13  to  accept  appointment  as  Minister  of  Interior. 
'1  Resigned  October  13  to  accept  appointment  as  Attorney  General. 


157 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1886. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

At  the  close  of  an  unusually  prolonged  and  arduous  Session  it 
is  pleasing  to  Me  to  have  to  congratulate  you  upon  the  character 
of  numerous  measures  which  you  have  passed,  to  which  my  assent 
has  been  given.  Many  of  these  measures  I  recognize  as  being 
of  great  importance  in  their  relation  to  the  promotion  of  health, 
and  education,  the  advancement  of  commerce  and  of  manufac- 
turing and  agricultural  industry,  and  of  the  general  welfare  of 
My  People.  Amongst  them  there  are  measures  which  give  a 
definite  settlement  to  questions  which  have  been  long  debated, 
and  I  entertain  a  well-founded  hope  that  the  results  of  your  delib- 
erations will,  under  a  patriotic  Administration,  redound  to  the 
permanent  advantage  of  the  country. 

I  thank  you  for  the  liberal  supplies  you  have  generously  voted 
for  the  Royal  Family  and  for  the  administration  of  My  Govern- 
ment, and  for  the  development  of  the  resources  of  the  country. 
I  feel  assured  that  the  ordinary  revenue  of  the  country,  aug- 
mented as  it  will  be  by  the  laws  you  have  passed,  together  with 
the  proceeds  of  the  loan  you  have  authorized,  will  suf^ce  to  allow 
My  Ministers  to  carry  out  to  the  fullest  extent  the  policy  of  prog- 
ress and  development  which  is  embodied  in  the  Appropriation 
Act. 

It  is  a  source  of  satisfaction  to  Me  that  you  have  provided 
measures  which  will  enable  My  Ministers  to  carry  out  various 
matters  of  National  policy  which  I  brought  before  you  at  the 
opening  of  the  Session. 

That  large  part  of  the  Capital  which  was  the  scene  of  such 
serious  disaster  in  April  last  has,  in  consequence  of  your  legisla- 
tive action,  been  laid  out  anew  with  full  regard  to  sanitation  and 
to  its  protection  from  a  repetition  of  the  conflagration  which  laid 
it  waste. 

You  have  wisely  provided  the  means  for  carrying  out  the 
policy  of  advising  and  aiding  those  Polynesian  communities,  of 
the  same  race  as  the  Hawaiian,  which  still  preserve  their  inde- 
pendence. I  entertain  a  sanguine  hope  that  these  kindred  peoples 
will,  through  your  liberality,  be  assisted  to  secure  their  permanent 
autonomy,  by  the  establishment  among  them  of  stable  govern- 
ments and  a  reliable  administration  of  justice. 

The  subsidy  you  have  voted  for  Ocean  Steam  Service  will 
secure  for  the  country  that  regular  and  frequent  communication 
with  America  which  is  of  vital  importance  to  the  commercial  and 
agricultural  interests  of  the  Kingdom.     Other  measures  for  the 


158 

development  of  Commerce  and  Maritime  Enterprise  which  you 
have  passed  will  be  of  permanent  value. 

The  wants  of  the  country  in  regard  to  its  internal  communi- 
cations and  facilities  for  shipping  have,  I  am  happy  to  say,  re- 
ceived thorough  consideration  at  your  hands. 

I  am  pleased  to  recognize  that  for  the  proper  organization  of 
the  Forces  of  the  Kingdom  you  have  made  a  judicious  provision 
of  law. 

Reviewing  all  that  has  been  accomplished  during  the  Session 
I  can,  without  hesitation,  congratulate  you  upon  the  results  of 
your  labors,  and  thank  you  for  the  earnest  consideration  you 
have  bestowed  upon  the  important  matters  on  which  you  have 
been  called  upon  to  deliberate. 

I  pray  that  the  Almighty  will  have  you  in  His  Holy  Keeping. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  now  declare  the  Legislative 
Assembly  of  1886  prorogued. 


CONSTITUTION 


Granted  by  Kalakaua,  July  6,  1887. 

Whereas,  the  Constitution  of  this  Kingdom  heretofore  in 
force  contains  many  provisions  subversive  of  civil  rights  and 
incompatible  with  enlightened  Constitutional  Government : 

And  W^HEREAS,  it  has  become  imperative  in  order  to  restore 
order  and  tranquillity  and  the  confidence  necessary  to  a  further 
maintenance  of  the  present  Government  that  a  new  Constitution 
should  be  at  once  promulgated : 

Now  Therefore,  I,  Kalakaua,  King  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
in  my  capacity  as  Sovereign  of  this  Kingdom,  and  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  people  hereunto  by  them  duly  authorized  and 
empowered,  do  annul  and  abrogate  the  Constitution  promulgated 
by  Kamehameha  the  Fifth,  on  the  20th  day  of  August,  A.  D. 
1864,  and  do  proclaim  and  promulgate  tliis  Constitution. 


Article  1.  God  hath  endowed  all  men  with  certain  inalien- 
able rights,  among  which  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  right  of  ac- 
quiring, possessing,  and  protecting  property,  and  of  pursuing  and 
obtaining  safety  and  happiness. 

Article  2.  All  men  are  free  to  worship  God  according  to 
the  dictates  of  their  own  consciences;  but  this  sacred  privilege 
hereby  secured,  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  justify  acts  of 
licentiousness,  or  practices  inconsistent  with  the  peace  or  safety 
of  the  Kingdom. 

Article  3.  All  men  may  freely  speak,  write,  and  publish 
their  sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  responsible  for  the  abuse 
of  that  right,  and  no  law  shall  be  enacted  to  restrain  the  liberty 
of  speech,  or  of  the  press. 

Article  4.  All  men  shall  have  the  right,  in  an  orderly  and 
peaceable  manner,  to  assemble,  without  arms,  to  consult  upon 
the  common  good,  and  to  petition  the  King  or  Legislature  for 
redress  of  grievances. 

Article  5.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus 
belongs  to  all  men,  and  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  by  the 
King,  when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety 
shall  require  its  suspension. 

Article  6.  No  person  shall  be  subject  to  punishment  for  any 
offense,  except  on  due  and  legal  conviction  thereof,  in  a  Court 
having  jurisdiction  of  the  case. 

Article  7.  No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  any  crime 
or  offense  (except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  or  for  offenses  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  a  Police  or  District  Justice,  or  in  summary 
proceedings  for  contempt),  unless  upon  indictment,  fully  and 
plainly  describing  such  crime  or  offense,  and  he  shall  have  the 


160 

right  to  meet  the  witnesses  who  are  produced  against  him  face 
to  face ;  to  produce  witnesses  and  proofs  in  his  own  favor ;  and 
by  himself  or  his  counsel,  at  his  election,  to  examine  the  wit- 
nesses produced  by  himself,  and  cross-examine  those  produced 
against  him,  and  to  be  fully  heard  in  his  own  defence.  In  all 
cases  in  which  the  right  of  trial  by  Jury  has  been  heretofore 
used,  it  shall  be  held  inviolable  forever,  except  in  actions  of  debt 
or  assumpsit  in  which  the  amount  claimed  is  less  than  Fifty 
Dollars. 

Article  8.  No  person  shall  be  required  to  answer  again  for 
an  offense,  of  which  he  has  been  duly  convicted,  or  of  which  he 
has  been  duly  acquitted. 

/iIrticle  9.  No  person  shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal 
case,  to  be  a  witness  against  himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  life, 
liberty,  or  property  without  due  process  of  law. 

Article  10.  No  person  shall  sit  as  a  judge  or  juror,  in  any 
case  in  which  his  relative,  by  affinity,  or  by  consanguinity  within 
the  third  degree,  is  interested,  either  as  plaintiff  or  defendant,  or 
in  the  issue  of  which  the  said  judge  or  juror,  may  have,  either 
directly  or  through  such  relative,  any  pecuniary  interest. 

Article  11.  Involuntary  servitude,  except  for  crime,  is  for- 
ever prohibited  in  this  Kingdom.  Whenever  a  slave  shall  enter 
Hawaiian  Territory,  he  shall  be  free. 

Article  12.  Every  person  has  the  right  to  be  secure  from 
all  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures  of  his  person,  his  house, 
his  papers,  and  effects;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue,  except  on 
probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  describing 
the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article  13.  The  Government  is  conducted  for  the  common 
good,  and  not  for  the  profit,  honor,  or  private  interest  of  any  one 
man,  family,  or  class  of  men. 

Article  14.  Each  member  of  society  has  a  right  to  be  pro- 
tected in  the  enjoyment  of  his  life,  liberty,  and  property,  ac- 
cording to  law ;  and,  therefore,  he  shall  be  obliged  to  contribute 
his  proportional  share  to  the  expense  of  this  protection,  and  to 
give  his  personal  services,  or  an  equivalent  when  necessary.  Pri- 
vate property  may  be  taken  for  public  use,  but  only  upon  due 
process  of  law  and  just  compensation. 

Article  15.  No  subsidy,  duty,  or  tax,  of  any  description, 
shall  be  established  or  levied  without  the  consent  of  the  Legis- 
lature ;  nor  shall  any  money  be  drawn  from  the  Public  Treasury 
without  such  consent,  except  when  between  the  sessions  of  the 
Legislature,  the  emergencies  of  war,  invasion,  rebellion,  pesti- 
lence, or  other  public  disaster  shall  arise,  and  then  not  without 
the  concurrence  of  all  the  Cabinet,  and  of  a  majority  of  the 
whole  Privy  Council ;  and  the  Minister  of  Finance  shall  render 
a  detailed  account  of  such  expenditure  to  the  Legislature. 


161 

Article  16.     No  retrospective  laws  shall  ever  be  enacted. 

Article  17.  The  Military  shall  always  be  subject  to  the 
laws  of  the  land ;  and  no  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quar- 
tered in  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner;  nor  in 
time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature. 

Article  18.  Every  Elector  shall  be  privileged  from  arrest  on 
election  days,  during  his  attendance  at  election,  and  in  going  to 
and  returning  therefrom,  except  in  case  of  treason,  felony,  or 
breach  of  the  peace. 

Article  19.  No  elector  shall  be  so  obliged  to  perform  mili- 
tary duty,  on  the  day  of  election,  as  to  prevent  his  voting;  except 
in  time  ot  war,  or  public  danger. 

Article  20.  The  Supreme  Power  of  the  Kingdom  in  its 
exercise,  is  divided  into  the  Executive,  Legislative,  and  Judicial ; 
these  shall  always  be  preserved  distinct,  and  no  Executive  or 
Judicial  officer,  or  any  contractor,  or  employee  of  the  Govern- 
ment, or  any  person  in  the  receipt  of  salary  or  emolument  from 
the  Government,  shall  be  eligible  to  election  to  the  Legislature  of 
the  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  or  to  hold  the  position  of  an  elective 
member  of  the  same.  And  no  member  of  the  Legislature  shall, 
during  the  time  for  which  he  is  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil 
office  under  the  Government,  except  that  of  a  member  of  the 
Cabinet. 

Article  21.  The  Government  of  this  Kingdom  is  that  of  a 
Constitutional  •  Monarchy,  under  His  Majesty  Kalakaua,  His 
Heirs  and  Successors. 

Article  22.  The  Crown  is  hereby  permanently  confirmed  to 
His  Majesty  Kalakaua,  and  to  the  Heirs  of  His  body  lawfully 
begotten,  and  to  their  lawful  Descendants  in  a  direct  line ;  failing 
whom,  the  Crown  shall  descend  to  Her  Royal  Highness  the 
Princess  Liliuokalani,  and  the  heirs  of  her  body,  lawfully  be- 
gotten, and  their  lawful  descendants  in  a  direct  line.  The  Suc- 
cession shall  be  to  the  senior  male  child,  and  to  the  heirs  of  his 
body ;  failing  a  male  child,  the  succession  shall  be  to  the  senior 
female  child,  and  to  the  heirs  of  her  body.  In  case  there  is  no 
heir  as  above  provided,  the  successor  shall  be  the  person  whom 
the  Sovereign  shall  appoint  with  the  consent  of  the  Nobles,  and 
publicly  proclaim  during  the  Sovereign's  life;  but  should  there 
be  no  such  appointment  and  proclamation,  and  the  Throne  should 
become  vacant,  then  the  Cabinet,  immediately  after  the  occurring 
of  such  vacancy,  shall  cause  a  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  who 
shall  elect  by  ballot  some  native  Alii  of  the  Kingdom  as  Successor 
to  the  Throne ;  and  the  Successor  so  elected  shall  become  a  new 
Stirps  for  a  Royal  Family ;  and  the  Succession  from  the  Sovereign 
thus  elected,  shall  be  regulated  by  the  same  law  as  the  present 
Royal  Family  of  Hawaii. 

Article  23.     It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  member  of  the 


162 

Royal  Family  of  Hawaii  who  may  by  Law  succeed  to  the  Throne, 
to  contract  Marriage  without  the  consent  of  the  Reigning  Sov- 
ereign. Every  Marriage  so  contracted  shall  be  void,  and  the 
person  so  contracting  a  Marriage,  may^  by  the  proclamation  of 
the  Reigning  Sovereign,  be  declared  to  have  forfeited  His  or  Her 
right  to  the  Throne,  and  after  such  Proclamation,  the  Right  of 
vSuccession  shall  vest  in  the  next  Heir  as  though  such  otTender 
were  dead. 

Article  24.  His  Majesty  Kalakaua,  will,  and  his  Successors 
shall  take  the  following  oath :  I  solemnly  swear  in  the  presence 
of  Almighty  God,  to  maintain  the  Constitution  of  the  Kingdom 
whole  and  inviolate,  and  to  govern  in  conformity  therewith. 

Article  25.  No  person  shall  ever  sit  upon  the  Throne,  who 
has  been  convicted  of  any  infamous  crime,  or  who  is  insane,  or 
an  idiot. 

Article  26.  The  King  is  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Army  and  Navy,  and  of  all  other  Military  Forces  of  the  King- 
dom, by  sea  and  land.  But  he  shall  never  proclaim  war  without 
the  consent  of  the  Legislature ;  and  no  military  or  naval  force 
shall  be  organized  except  by  the  authority  of  the  Legislature. 

Article  27.  The  King,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  his  Privy 
Council,  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Cabinet,  has  the  power  to 
grant  reprieves  and  pardons,  after  conviction,  for  all  offenses, 
except  in  case  of  impeachment. 

Article  28.  The  King  convenes  the  Legislature  at  the  seat 
of  Government,  or  at  a  different  place,  if  that  should  become 
insecure  from  an  enemy  or  any  dangerous  disorder,  and  pro- 
rogues 1  he  same ;  and  in  any  great  emergency  he  may,  with  the 
advice  of  the  Privy  Council,  convene  the  Legislature  in  extraor- 
dinary session. 

Article  29.  The  King  has  the  power  to  make  Treaties.  Trea- 
ties involving  changes  in  the  Tariff  or  in  any  law  of  the  Kingdom, 
shall  be  referred  for  approval  to  the  Legislature.  The  King 
appoints  Public  Ministers,  who  shall  be  commissioned,  accred- 
ited, and  instructed  agreeably  to  the  usage  and  law  of  Nations. 

Article  30.  It  is  the  King's  Prerogative  to  receive  and  ac- 
knowledge Public  Ministers ;  to  inform  the  Legislature  by  Royal 
Message,  from  time  to  time,  of  the  state  of  the  Kingdom ;  and 
to  recommend  to  its  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall 
judge  necessary  and  expedient. 

Article  31.  The  person  of  the  King  is  inviolable  and  sacred. 
His  Ministers  are  responsible.  To  the  King  and  the  Cabinet 
belongs  the  Executive  pozver.  All  laws  that  have  passed  the 
Legislature,  shall  require  His  Majesty's  signature  in  order  to 
their  validity,  except  as  provided  in  Article  48. 

Article  32.  Whenever,  upon  the  decease  of  the  Reigning 
Sovereign,  the  Heir  shall  be  less  than  eisfhteen  years  of  as^e.  the 


163 

Royal  Power  shall  be  exercised  by  a  Regent  or  Council  of  Re- 
gency, as  hereinafter  provided. 

Article  33.  It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  King  at  any  time 
when  he  may  be  about  to  absent  himself  from  the  Kingdom,  to 
appoint  a  Regent  or  Council  of  Regency,  who  shall  administer 
the  Government  in  His  name ;  and  likewise  the  King  may,  by 
His  last  Will  and  Testament,  appoint  a  Regent  or  Council  of 
Regency  to  administer  the  Government  during  the  minority  of 
any  Heir  to  the  Throne ;  and  should  a  Sovereign  decease,  leaving 
a  minor  Heir,  and  having  made  no  last  Will  and  Testament,  the 
Cabinet  at  the  time  of  such  decease  shall  be  a  Council  of  Regency, 
until  the  Legislature,  which  shall  be  called  immediately,  be  as- 
sembled, and  the  Legislature  immediately  that  it  is  assembled 
shall  proceed  to  choose  by  ballot,  a  Regent  or  Council  of  Regency, 
who  shall  administer  the  Government  in  the  name  of  the  King, 
and  exercise  all  the  powers  which  are  constitutionally  vested  in 
the  King,  until  such  Heir  shall  have  attained  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  which  age  is  declared  to  be  the  legal  majority  of  such 
Sovereign. 

Article  34.  The  King  is  Sovereign  of  all  the  Chiefs  and  of 
all  the  people. 

Article  35.  All  Titles  of  Honor,  Orders,  and  other  distinc- 
tions, emanate  from  the  King. 

Article  36.  The  King  coins  money  and  regulates  the  cur- 
rency, by  law. 

Article  37.  The  King,  in  case  of  invasion  or  rebellion,  can 
place  the  whole  Kingdom,  or  any  part  of  it,  under  martial  law. 

Article  38.  The  National  Ensign  shall  not  be  changed,  ex- 
cept by  Act  of  the  Legislature. 

Article  39.  The  King  cannot  be  sued  or  held  to  account  in 
any  court  or  tribunal  of  the  Kingdom. 

Article  40.  There  shall  continue  to  be  a  Council  of  State, 
for  advising  the  King  in  all  matters  for  the  good  of  the  State, 
wherein  He  may  require  its  advice,  which  Council  shall  be  called 
the  King's  Privy  Council  of  State,  and  the  members  thereof  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  King,  to  hold  office  during  His  Majesty's 
pleasure,  and  which  Council  shall  have  and  exercise  only  such 
powers  as  are  given  to  it  by  the  Constitution. 

Article  41.  The  Cabinet  shall  consist  of  the  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  the  Minister  of 
Finance,  and  the  Attorney  General,  and  they  shall  be  His  Maj- 
esty's special  advisers  in  the  executive  affairs  of  the  Kingdom ; 
and  they  shall  be  ex  officio  members  of  His  Majesty's  Privy 
Council  of  State.  They  shall  be  appointed  and  commissioned  by 
the  King  and  shall  be  removed  by  him,  only  upon  a  vote  of  want 
of  confidence  passed  by  a  majority  of  all  the  elective  members  of 


164 

the  Legislature  (25),*  or  upon  conviction  of  felony,  and  shall 
be  subject  to  impeachment.  No  act  of  the  King  shall  have  any 
effect  unless  it  be  countersigned  by  a  member  of  the  Cabinet,  who 
by  that  signature  makes  himself  responsible. 

Article  42.  Each  member  of  the  Cabinet  shall  keep  an  office 
at  the  seat  of  Government,  and  shall  be  accountable  for  the 
conduct  of  his  deputies  and  clerks.  The  Cabinet  hold  seats  ex 
officio,  in  the  Legislature,  with  the  right  to  vote,  except  on  a 
question  of  want  of  confidence  in  them. 

Article  43.  The  Minister  of  Finance  shall  present  to  the 
Legislature  in  the  name  of  the  Government,  on  the  first  day  of 
each  Biennial  Session,  the  Financial  Budget,  in  the  Hawaiian  and 
English  languages. 

Article  44.  The  Legislative  power  of  the  Kingdom  is  vested 
in  the  King  and  the  Legislature,  which  shall  consist  of  the  Nobles 
and  Representatives  sitting  together. 

Article  45.  The  Legislative  Body  shall  be  styled  the  Legis- 
lature of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  and  shall  assemble,  biennially, 
in  the  month  of  May.  The  first  regular  session  shall  be  held  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord  Eighteen  Hundrad  and  Eighty-eight. 

Article  46.  Every  member  of  the  Legislature  shall  take  the 
following  oath :  I  solemnly  swear,  in  the  presence  of  Almighty 
God,  that  I  will  faithfully  support  the  Constitution  of  the  Ha- 
waiian Kingdom,  and  conscientiously  and  impartially  discharge 
my  duties  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature. 

Article  47.  The  Legislature  has  full  power  and  authority 
to  amend  the  Constitution  as  hereinafter  provided;  and  from 
time  to  time  to  make  all  manner  of  wholesome  laws,  not  repug- 
nant to  the  Constitution. 

Article  48.  Every  Bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  Legisla- 
ture, shall,  before  it  becomes  law,  be  presented  to  the  King.  If 
he  approve  he  shall  sign  it  and  it  shall  thereby  become  a  law,  but, 
if  not,  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  the  Legislature, 
which  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such  reconsideration  it  shall 
be  approved  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  the  elective  members  of 
the  Legislature  it  shall  become  a  law.  In  all  such  cases  the  votes 
shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  per- 
sons voting  for  and  against  the  Bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal 
of  the  Legislature.  If  any  Bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  King 
within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  pre- 
sented to  him.  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had 
signed  it,  unless  the  Legislature  by  their  adjournment  prevents  its 
return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Article  49.  The  Legislature  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  quali- 
fications of  its  own  members,  except  as  may  hereafter  be  pro- 

*  See  decision  of  Supreme  Court,  Sept.,  1892. 


165 

vided  by  law,  and  a  majority  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do 
business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day, 
and  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner 
and  under  such  penalties  as  the  Legislature  may  provide. 

Article  50.  The  Legislature  shall  choose  its  own  officers  and 
determine  the  Rules  of  its  own  proceedings. 

Article  5L  The  Legislature  shall  have  authority  to  punish 
by  imprisonment,  not  exceeding  thirty  days,  every  person,  not  a 
member,  who  shall  be  guilty  of  disrespect  to  the  Legislature  by 
any  disorderly  or  contemptuous  behavior  in  its  presence ;  or  who, 
during  the  time  of  its  sitting,  shall  publish  any  false  report  of 
its  proceedings,  or  insulting  comments  upon  the  same ;  or  who 
shall  threaten  harm  to  the  body  or  estate  of  any  of  its  members 
for  any  thing  said  or  done  in  the  Legislature ;  or  who  shall  as- 
sault any  of  them  therefor,  or  who  shall  assault  or  arrest  any 
witness,  or  other  person  ordered  to  attend  the  Legislature,  on  his 
way  going  or  returning;  or  who  shall  rescue  any  person  arrested 
by  order  of  the  Legislature. 

Article  52.  The  Legislature  may  punish  its  own  members 
for  disorderly  behavior. 

Article  53.  The  Legislature  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  pro- 
ceedings ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members,  on  any  ques- 
tion, shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered 
on  the  journal. 

Article  54.  The  members  of  the  Legislature  shall,  in  all 
cases,  except  treason,  felon}',  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privi- 
leged from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  Sessions  of  the 
Legislature,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  pro- 
vided such  privilege  as  to  going  and  returning  shall  not  cover  a 
period  of  over  twenty  days;  and  they  shall  not  be  held  to  answer 
for  any  speech  or  debate  made  in  the  Legislature,  in  any  Court 
or  place  whatsoever. 

Article  55.  The  Representatives  shall  receive  for  their  ser- 
vices a  compensation  to  be  determined  by  law,  and  paid  out  of 
the  Public  Treasury,  but  no  increase  of  compensation  shall  take 
effect  during  the  biennial  term  in  which  it  shall  have  been  made ; 
and  no  law  shall  be  passed  increasing  the  compensation  of  Repre- 
sentatives beyond  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  each 
for  each  biennial  term. 

Article  56.  A  Noble  shall  be  a  subject  of  the  Kingdom, 
who  shall  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-five  years  and  resided 
in  the  Kingdom  three  years,  and  shall  be  the  owner  of  taxable 
property  in  this  Kingdom  of  the  value  of  three  thousand  dollars 
over  and  above  all  encumbrances,  or  in  receipt  of  an  income  of 
not  less  than  six  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 

Article  57.  The  Nobles  shall  be  a  Court,  with  full  and  sole 
authority  to  hear  and  determine  all  impeachments  made  by  the 
Representatives,  as  the  Grand  Inquest  of  the  Kingdom,  against 


166 

any  officers  of  the  Kingdom,  for  misconduct  or  maladministra- 
tion in  their  offices ;  but  previous  to  the  trial  of  every  impeach- 
ment the  Nobles  shall  respectively  be  sworn,  truly  and  impar- 
tially to  try  and  determine  the  charge  in  question,  according  to 
evidence  and  law.  Their  judgment,  hov/ever,  shall  not  extend 
further  than  to  removal  from  office  and  disqualification  to  hold 
or  enjoy  any  place  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit,  under  this  Govern- 
ment ;  but  the  party  so  convicted  shall  be,  nevertheless,  liable  to 
indictment,  trial,  judgment  and  punishment  according  to  the 
laws  of  the  land. 

Article  58.  Twenty-four  Nobles  shall  be  elected  as  follows : 
Six  from  the  Island  of  Hawaii ;  six  from  the  Islands  of  Alaui, 
Molokai  and  Lanai;  nine  from  the  Island  of  Oahu ;  and  three 
from  the  Islands  of  Kauai  and  Niihau.  At  the  first  election 
held  under  this  Constitution,  the  Nobles  shall  be  elected  to 
serve  until  the  general  election  to  the  Legislature  for  the  year 
of  our  Lord  1890,  at  which  election,  and  thereafter,  the  Nobles 
shall  be  elected  at  the  same  time  and  places  as  the  Representa- 
tives. At  the  election  for  the  year  of  our  Lord  1890,  one-third 
of  the  Nobles  from  each  of  the  divisions  aforesaid,  shall  be 
elected  for  two  years,  and  one-third  for  four  years,  and  one-third 
for  six  years,  and  the  electors  shall  ballot  for  them  for  such 
terms,  respectively;  and  at  all  subsequent  general  elections  they 
shall  be  elected  for  six  years.  The  Nobles  shall  serve  without 
pay. 

Article  ?9.  Every  male  resident  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
of  Hawaiian,  American  or  European  birth  or  descent,  who  shall 
have  attained  the  age  of  twenty  years,  and  shall  have  paid  his 
taxes,  and  shall  have  caused  his  name  to  be  entered  on  the  list  of 
voters  for  Nobles  for  his  District,  shall  be  an  elector  of  Nobles, 
and  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  of  Nobles,  provided : 

First:  That  he  shall  have  resided  in  the  country  not  less 
than  three  years,  and  in  the  district  in  which  he  ofifers  to  vote, 
not  less  than  three  months  immediately  preceding  the  election 
at  which  he  offers  to  vote ; 

Second:  That  he  shall  own  and  be  possessed,  in  his  own 
right,  of  taxable  property  in  this  country  of  the  value  of  not  less 
than  three  thousand  dollars  over  and  above  all  encumbrances,  or 
shall  have  actually  received  an  income  of  not  less  than  six  hun- 
dred dollars  during  the  year  next  preceding  his  registration  for 
such  election  ; 

Third:  That  he  shall  be  able  to  read  and  comprehend  an 
ordinarv  newspaper  printed  in  either  the  Hawaiian.  English  or 
some  European  language  ; 

Fourth:  That  he  shall  have  taken  an  oath  to  support  the 
Constitution  and  laws,  such  oath  to  be  administered  by  any  per- 
son authorized  to  administer  oaths,  or  by  any  Inspector  of  Elec- 
tions ; 


167 

Provided,  however,  that  the  requirements  of  a  three  years' 
residence  and  of  ability  to  read  and  comprehend  an  ordinary 
newspaper.  i)rinted  either  in  the  Hawaiian,  English  or  some 
European  language,  shall  not  apply  to  persons  residing  in  the 
Kingdom  at  the  time  of  the  promulgation  of  this  Constitution, 
if  they  shall  register  and  vote  at  the  first  election  which  shall  be 
held  under  this  Constitution. 

Article  60.  There  shall  be  twenty-four  Representatives  of 
the  People  elected  biennially,  except  those  first  elected  under 
this  Constitution,  who  shall  serve  until  the  general  election  for 
the  year  of  our  Lord.  1890.  The  representation  shall  be  based 
upon  the  principles  of  equality  and  shall  be  regulated  and  appor- 
tioned by  the  Legislature  according  to  the  population  to  be  ascer- 
tained from  time  to  time  by  the  official  census.  But  until  such 
apportionment  by  the  Legislature,  the  apportionment  now  estab- 
lished by  law  shall  remain  in  force,  with  the  following  exceptions, 
namely :  there  shall  be  but  two  Representatives  for  the  Districts 
of  Hilo  and  Puna  on  the  Island  of  Hawaii,  but  one  for  the 
Districts  of  Lahaina  and  Kaanapali  on  the  Island  of  Maui,  and 
but  one  for  the  Districts  of  Koolauloa  and  Waialua  on  the  Island 
of  Oahu. 

Article  61.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  as  a  Representative 
of  the  people,  unless  he  be  a  male  subject  of  the  Kingdom,  who 
shall  have  arrived  at  the  full  age  of  twenty-one  years ;  who  shall 
know  how  to  read  and  write  either  the  Hawaiian,  English  or 
some  European  language;  who  shall  understand  accounts;  who 
shall  have  been  domiciled  in  the  Kingdom  for  at  least  three 
years,  the  last  of  which  shall  be  the  year  immediately  preceding 
his  election ;  and  who  shall  own  real  estate  within  the  Kingdom 
of  a  clear  value,  over  and  above  all  encumbrances,  of  at  least 
five  hundred  dollars ;  or  who  shall  have  an  annual  income  of  at 
least  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  derived  from  any  property 
or  some  lawful  employment. 

Article  62.  Every  male  resident  of  the  Kingdom,  of  Ha- 
waiian. American,  or  European  birth  or  descent,  who  shall  have 
taken  an  oath  to  support  the  Constitution  and  laws  in  the  man- 
ner provided  for  electors  of  Nobles ;  who  shall  have  paid  his 
taxes ;  who  shall  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty  years ;  and  shall 
have  been  domiciled  in  the  Kingdom  for  one  year  immediately 
preceding  the  election ;  and  shall  know  how  to  read  and  write 
either  the  Hawaiian,  English  or  some  European  language  (if 
born  since  the  year  1840),  and  shall  have  caused  his  name  to  be 
entered  on  the  list  of  voters  of  his  district  as  may  be  provided 
by  law,  shall  be  entitled  to  one  vote  for  the  Representative  or 
Representatives  of  that  district ;  provided,  however,  that  the  re- 
quirements of  being  domiciled  in  the  Kingdom  for  one  year  im- 
mediately preceding  the  election,  and  of  knowing  how  to  read 


168 

and  write,  either  the  Hawaiian,  English,  or  some  European  lan- 
guage, shall  not  apply  to  persons  residing  in  this  Kingdom  at  the 
time  of  the  promulgation  of  this  Constitution,  if  they  shall  regis- 
ter and  vote  at  the  first  election  which  shall  be  held  under  this 
Constitution. 

Article  63.  No  person  shall  sit  as  a  Noble  or  Representa- 
tive in  the  Legislature  unless  elected  under,  and  in  conformity 
with,  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution.  The  property  or  in- 
come qualification  of  Representatives,  of  Nobles,  and  of  Electors 
of  Nobles,  may  be  increased  by  law ;  and  a  property  or  income 
qualification  of  Electors  of  Representatives,  may  be  created  and 
altered  by  law. 

Article  64.  The  Judicial  Power  of  the  Kingdom  shall  be 
vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  Courts  as  the 
Legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  establish. 

Article  65.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  of  a  Chief 
Justice,  and  not  less  than  two  Associate  Justices,  any  of  whom 
may  hold  the  Court.  The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  subject  to  removal  upon 
impeachment,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  their  ser- 
vices a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their 
continuance  in  oflfice.  Provided,  however,  that  any  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  or  any  other  Court  of  Record  may  be  re- 
moved from  office,  on  a  resolution  passed  by  two-thirds  of  all 
the  members  of  the  Legislature,  for  good  cause  shown  to  the  sat- 
isfaction of  the  King.  The  Judge  against  whom  the  Legislature 
may  be  about  to  proceed,  shall  receive  notice  thereof,  accompa- 
nied by  a  copy  of  the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal,  at  least  ten 
davs  before  the  day  on  which  the  Legislature  shall  act  thereon. 
He  shall  be  heard  before  the  Legislature. 

Article  66.  The  Judicial  Power  shall  be  divided  among  the 
Supreme  Court  and  the  several  inferior  Courts  of  the  Kingdom, 
in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  pre- 
scribe, and  the  tenure  of  office  in  the  inferior  Courts  of  the 
Kingdom  shall  be  such  as  may  be  defined  by  the  law  creating 
them. 

Article  67.  The  Judicial  Power  shall  extend  to  all  cases 
in  law  and  equity,  arising  under  the  Constitution  and  laws  of 
this  Kingdom,  and  Treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made  under 
their  authority,  to  all  cases  affecting  Public  Ministers  and  Con- 
suls, and  to  all  cases  of  Admiralty  and  Maritime  jurisdiction. 

Article  68.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
be  the  Chancellor  of  the  Kingdom;  he  shall  be  ex  officio  Presi- 
dent of  the  Nobles  in  all  cases  of  impeachment,  unless  when  im- 
peached himself ;  and  shall  exercise  such  jurisdiction  in  equity 
or  other  cases  as  the  law  may  confer  upon  him ;  his  decisions 
being  subject,  however,  to  the  revision  of  the  Supreme  Court  on 
appeal.     Should  the  Chief  Justice  ever  be  impeached,  some  per- 


169 

son  specially  commissioned  by  the  King  shall  be  President  of  the 
Court  of  Impeachment  during  such  trial. 

Article  69.  The  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  when  made 
by  a  majority  of  the  Justices  thereof,  shall  be  final  and  conclu- 
sive upon  all  parties. 

Article  70.  The  King,  His  Cabinet,  and  the  Legislature  shall 
have  authority  to  require  the  opinions  o^f  the  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  upon  important  questions  of  law,  and  upon 
solemn  occasions. 

Article  71.  The  King  appoints  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  all  other  Judges  of  Courts  of  Record.  Their  salaries 
are  fixed  by  law. 

Article  72.  No  Judge  or  Magistrate  shall  sit  alone  on  an 
appeal  or  new  trial,  in  any  case  on  which  he  may  have  given  a 
previous  judgment. 

Article  7i.  The  following  persons  shall  not  be  permitted 
to  register  for  voting,  to  vote,  or  to  hold  office  under  any  depart- 
ment of  the  Government,  or  to  sit  in  the  Legislature,  namely : 
Any  person  who  is  insane  or  an  idiot,  or  any  person  who  shall 
have  been  convicted  of  any  of  the  following  named  offenses, 
viz :  Arson,  Barratry,  Bribery,  Burglary,  Counterfeiting,  Em- 
bezzlement, Felonious  Branding  of  Cattle,  Forgery,  Gross  Cheat, 
Incest,  Kidnapping,  Larceny,  Malicious  Burning,  Manslaughter 
in  the  First  Degree,  Murder,  Perjury,  Rape,  Robbery,  Sodomy, 
Treason,  Subornation  of  Perjury,  and  Malfeasance  in  Ofiice, 
unless  he  shall  have  been  pardoned  by  the  King  and  restored  to 
his  Civil  Rights,  and  by  the  express  terms  of  his  pardon  declared 
to  be  eligible  to  offices  of  Trust,  Honor  and  Profit. 

Article  74.  No  officer  of  this  Government  shall  hold  any 
office,  or  receive  any  salary  from  any  other  Government  or  Power 
whatever. 

Article  7i.  The  Legislature  votes  the  Appropriations  bien- 
nially, after  due  consideration  of  the  revenue  and  expenditure 
for  the  two  preceding  years,  and  the  estimates  of  the  revenue 
and  expenditure  of  the  two  succeeding  years,  which  shall  be  sub- 
mitted to  them  by  the  Minister  of  Finance. 

Article  76.  The  enacting  style  in  making  and  passing  all 
Acts  and  Laws  shall  be,  "Be  it  enacted  by  the  King,  and  the 
Legislature  of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom." 

Article  77 .  To  avoid  improper  influences  which  may  re- 
sult from  intermixing  in  one  and  the  same  Act,  such  things  as 
have  no  proper  relation  to  each  other,  every  law  shall  embrace 
but  one  subject,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  its  title. 

Article  78.  Wherever  by  this  Constitution  any  Act  is  to  be 
done  or  performed  by  the  King  or  the  Sovereign,  it  shall,  unless 
otherwise  expressed,  mean  that  such  Act  shall  be  done  and  per- 
formed by  the  Sovereign  by  and  with  the  advice  and, consent  of 
the  Cabinet. 


170 

Article  79.  All  laws  now  in  force  in  this  Kingdom,  shall 
continue  and  remain  in  full  effect,  until  altered  or  repealed  by 
the  Legislature;  such  parts  only  excepted  as  are  repugnant  to 
this  Constitution.  All  laws  heretofore  enacted  or  that  may 
hereafter  be  enacted,  which  are  contrary  to  this  Constitution, 
shall  be  null  and  void. 

Article  80.  The  Cabinet  shall  have  power  to  make  and 
publish  all  necessary  rules  and  regulations  for  the  holding  of  any 
election  or  elections  under  this  Constitution,  prior  to  the  passage 
by  the  Legislature  of  appropriate  laws  for  such  purpose,  and  to 
provide  for  administering  to  officials,  subjects  and  residents  the 
oath  to  support  this  Constitution.  The  first  election  hereunder 
shall  be  held  within  ninety  days  after  the  promulgation  of  this 
Constitution,  and  the  Legislature  then  elected  may  be  convened 
at  Honolulu  upon  the  call  of  the  Cabinet  Council,  in  extraordi- 
nary session  at  such  time  as  the  Cabinet  Council  may  deem  nec- 
essary, thirty  days  notice  thereof  being  previously  given. 

Article  81.  This  Constitution  shall  be  in  force  from  the 
7th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1887,  but  that  there  may  be  no  failure 
of  justice,  or  inconvenience  to  the  Kingdom,  from  any  change, 
all  officers  of  this  Kingdom,  at  the  time  this  Constitution  shall 
take  effect,  shall  have,  hold,  and  exercise  all  the  power  to  them 
granted.  Such  officers  shall  take  an  oath  to  support  this  Consti- 
tution, within  sixty  days  after  the  promulgation  thereof. 

Article  82.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Consti- 
tution may  be  proposed  in  the  Legislature,  and  if  the  same  shall 
be  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  thereof,  such  proposed 
amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  entered  on  its  journal,  with 
the  yeas  and  nays  taken  thereon,  and  referred  to  the  next  Legis- 
lature; which  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  pub- 
lished for  three  months  previous  to  the  next  election  of  Repre- 
sentatives and  Nobles ;  and  if  in  the  next  Legislature  such  pro- 
posed amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  agreed  to  by  two-thirds 
of  all  the  members  of  the  Legislature,  such  amendment  or 
amendments  shall  become  part  of  the  Constitution  of  this 
Kingdom. 

KALAKAUA  REX. 

By  the  King: 

W.  L.  GREEN,  Minister  of  Finance. 
Honolulu, 

Oahu. 

I,  Kalakaua,  King  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  in  the  presence 
of  Almighty  God,  do  solemnly  swear  to  maintain  this  Constitu- 
tion whole  and  inviolate,  and  to  govern  in  conformity  therewith. 

KALAKAUA  REX. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  sixth  dav  of  lulv, 
A.  D.  1887. 

A.  F.  JUDD, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  Chancellor 
of  the  Kingdom. 


171 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  NOVEMBER  3RD,  1887. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

You  liave  been  called  together  in  Extraordinary  Session  at  the 
earliest  practicable  moment  after  your  election  under  the  New 
Constitution,  in  order  that  you  may  revise  and  amend  certain 
Acts  which  have  been  found  to  be  inoperative,  unconstitutional 
or  conflicting  in  their  terms.  Amongst  these  are  the  Opium  Bill 
and  the  Act  to  organize  the  Military  Forces  of  the  Kingdom  ; 
also  the  law  relating  to  Notaries  Public  and  that  relating  to  Cor- 
porations. 

Another  reason  is  that  you  may  consider  the  advisability  of 
changing  the  method  of  administration  of  certain  departments  of 
the  Public  Service,  which  do  not  secure  to  the  country  the  effi- 
ciency which  is  desirable. 

The  circumstances  connected  with  the  negotiation  of  the  Loan 
in  London,  which  seems  not  to  have  been  effected  strictly  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  Loan  Act  of  1886,  will  probably  also  necessi- 
tate some  amendments  thereto.  A  somewhat  different  distribu- 
tion of  the  amounts  appropriated  for  the  objects  named  in  that 
Act  may  also  be  necessary,  some  of  them  being  insufficient,  whilst 
others  are  larger  than  required. 

I  also  commend  to  your  consideration  the  revision  of  the  law 
regulating  the  Police  Department  in  such  manner  as  to  insure 
more  efficient  results  and  a  more  responsible  administration. 

My  Ministers  will  also  propose  to  you  some  amendments  to 
the  Appropriation  Bill  of  1886,  which  seem  to  have  been  drawn 
up  without  due  regard  to  the  probable  revenue,  and  you  will  see 
the  necessity  of  curtailing  salaries  and  other  expenditures  wher- 
ever practicable,  as  well  as  of  abolishing  all  unnecessary  offices, 
in  order  that  the  proper  relation  between  the  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures of  the  Treasury  may  be  preserved. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  informing  you  that  the  Treaty  of 
Reciprocity  with  the  United  States  of  America  has  been  definitely 
extended  for  seven  years  upon  the  same  terms  as  those  in  the 
original  Treaty,  with  the  addition  of  a  clause  granting  to  national 
vessels  of  the  United  States  the  exclusive  privilege  of  entering 
Pearl  River  Harbor  and  establishing  there  a  coaling  and  repair 
station.  This  has  been  done  after  mature  deliberation,  and  the 
interchange  between  My  Government  and  that  of  the  United 
States  of  an  interpretation  of  the  said  clause  whereby  it  is  agreed 
and  understood  that  it  does  not  cede  any  territory,  or  part  with, 
or  impair  any  right  of  sovereignty,  or  jurisdiction,  on  the  part 
of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom,  and  that  such  exclusive  privilege  is 
co-terminous  with  the  treaty. 

I  regard  this  as  one  of  the  most  important  events  of  My  reign, 
and  I  sincerely  believe  that  it  will  reestablish  the  commercial 
progress  and  prosperity  which  began  with  the  Reciprocity  Treaty. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  now  declare  the  Legislature  of 
the  Kingdom  opened. 


172 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Special  Session  of  1887. 

Began  November  3,  1887.  Ended  May  28,  1888. 

Sat  39  Days. 

S.  G.  WILDEE,  President  to  December  27. 

W.  E.   CASTLE,  President   from   December   27. 

J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


Nobles. 


Representatives. 


HITCHCOCK,   D.   H. 
LUHIAU,    S.    C. 
NOTLEY,   CHAELES. 
TOWNSEND,  H.   S. 
WALL,    CHAELES    P. 
WIGHT,  JAMES. 


DEACON,    H. 
KAMAI,   D. 
KAMAUOHA,  G.  P. 
KAUHANE,  J. 
KINNEY,  W.  A. 
MAGUIEE,   J. 
PAEIS,   J.   D. 


MAUI,    MOLOKAI    AND    LANAI. 


BAILEY,    E.    H. 
BALDWIN,  H.  P. 
CAMPBELL,    JAMES. 
MAKEE,    P.    N. 
EICHAEDSON,  JOHN. 
WIDEMANN,   H.   A. 


DANIELS,  W.   H. 
HELEKUNIHI,  E. 
HOENEE,   C.   F. 
KAWAINUI,  J.  H. 
NAKALEKA,  J. 
NAWAHINE,  O. 
PAEHAOLE,  A.  P. 


OAHU. 


CASTLE,  W.  E. 
DOWSETT,  J.  L 
FOSTEE,  W.   E. 
JAEGEE,   A. 
EOBINSON,  M.  P. 
SMITH,  W.  O. 
WATEEHOITSE,  H. 
WILDEE,  S.   G. 
Y^OTTNG,  ALEXANDEE. 

KAUAI    AND    NIIHAU. 


BEOWN,  CECIL. 
BEOWN,   FEANK. 
DOWSETT,   J.   L,   Jr. 
HUSTACE,  F. 
KALAUKOA,  A.  P. 
KAUHI,  A. 
NAONE,  D.  L. 


BEETLEMANN,  C. 
DOLE,  G.  H. 
WILCOX,  G.  N. 

ASHFOED,  C.  W. 
BEOWN,  GODFEEY. 


GAY,  FEANCIS. 
EICE,  W.  H. 
WILCOX,  A.  S. 


Ministers. 


AUSTIN,  JONATHAN. 
GEEEN,  W.  L. 


THUESTON,  L.  A. 

J.   A.   MAGOON,   Secretary. 


jZ 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1887. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Having  closed  your  work  of  the  Extraordinary  Session  of  the 
Legislature  of  1887,  let  me  congratulate  you  upon  the  final  ter- 
mination of  your  labors. 

The  economical  measures  and  changes  which  you  have  car- 
ried into  effect  at  this  session  have  thus  far  produced  and  will 
no  doubt  continue  to  be  productive  of  good  results. 

I  hereby  declare  the  Extraordinary  session  of  the  Legislature 
convened  November  3rd,  1887,  prorogued. 


174 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  MAY  29TH,   1888. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

You  meet  today  in  regular  session  in  accordance  with  the  Con- 
stitution to  enact  laws  for  the  welfare  of  the  Kingdom. 

My  relations  with  Foreign  Powers  continue  of  the  most 
friendly  nature. 

My  Ministers  will  propose  certain  Legislation  concerning  the 
Patent  Laws ;  the  inauguration  of  a  Parcels  Post,  domestic  and 
foreign;  to  limit  the  time  within  which  Chinese  return  passports 
may  be  used;  to  carry  out  more  effectually  the  laws  relating  to 
homesteads,  and  also  those  relating  to  the  Postal  Savings  Bank, 
to  provide  for  the  utilization  of  the  surplus  deposits  of  the  Sav- 
ings Bank,  and  of  the  unissued  portion  of  the  loan  authorized  by 
the  Legislature  of  1886,  in  carrying  out  certain  public  improve- 
ments, and  concerning  other  matters  which  will  promote  the 
national  welfare. 

I  would  recommend  to  youi  consideration,  in  connection  with 
the  Appropriation  Bill,  a  policy  of  liberal  expenditure  for  inter- 
nal improvements  and  the  development  of  the  industries  of  the 
Kingdom. 

The  reports  from  the  different  Departments  of  the  Govern- 
ment, will  inform  you  respecting  the  condition  of  the  Kingdom, 
and  of  the  revenue  and  expenditures  during  the  last  biennial 
period,  and  they  will  also  present  detailed  estimates  of  the  prob- 
able receipts  and  the  proposed  expenditures  during  the  present 
period. 

I  express  My  confidence  that  you  will  be  careful  to  see  that 
the  Appropriation  Bill  which  you  may  pass  shall  limit  the  ex- 
penditure for  the  ordinary  purposes  of  government  to  the  amount 
of  probable  receipts  from  regular  revenues. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  praying  that  the  Almighty  God 
may  assist  you  in  your  deliberations,  I  now  declare  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


175 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Sesston  of  1888. 

Be^^an  May  29.  Ended  September   11. 

'^  Sat  88  Days. 

S.  G.  WILDER,     President  to  June  21. 

W.  E.  CASTLE,  President  from  June  21. 

J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


Nobles. 

HITCHCOCK,  D.  H. 
LUHIAU,  S.  C. 
NOTLEY,  CHAELES. 
TOWNSEND,   H.   S. 
WALL,   CHAELES   P. 
WIGHT,  JAMES. 


Representatives. 

DEACON,   H. 
KAMAI,   D. 
KAMAUOHA.  G.  P. 
KAUHANE.   J. 
KINNEY,   W.  A. 
MAGUIEE,  J. 
PARIS,  J.   D. 


MAUI,    MOLOKAI    AND    LANAI. 


BAILEY,  E.  H. 
BALDWIN,  H.  P. 
CAMPBELL,  JAMES. 
MAKEE,   P.   N. 
EICHAEDSON.   JOHN. 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A.* 


CASTLE,  W.  E. 
DOWSETT,  J.  I. 
FOSTEE,  W.  E. 
JAEGEE,  A. 
EOBINSON,  M.  P. 
SMITH,  W.  O. 
WATEEHOUSE,  H. 
WILDER,  S.  G.*i 
WILDER,   W.   C.*2 
l^OUNG,   ALEXANDER. 


DANIELS,   W.   H. 
HELEKUNIHI,   E. 
HOENEE,   C.   F. 
KAWAINUI,  J.  U. 
NAKALEKA,   .L 
NAWAHINE,   0. 
PAEHAOLE,  A.  P. 

BEOWN,  CECIL. 
BEOWN,  FRANK. 
DOWSETT,  J.  I.,  Jr. 
EUSTACE,  FRANK. 
KALAUKOA,   A.   P. 
KAUAI,  A. 
NAONE,  D.  L. 


KAUAI    AND    NIIHAU. 


BEETELMANN,  C. 
DOLE,  G.  H. 
WILCOX,  G.  N. 

ASHFOED,  C.W. 
GEEEN,  W.  L. 


GAY,  FEANCIS. 
EICE,   W.   H. 
WILCOX,  A.  S. 


Ministers. 


AUSTIN,  J. 
THUESTON,  L.  A. 

J.   A.   MAGOON,   Clerh. 


*  Eesi-gned  September  11. 

^1  Died  July  21. 

'2  From  August  27,  vice  S.  G.  Wilder,  deceased. 

NOTE:— No  speech  was  made  by  the  King  proroguing  this  session. 


176 

HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY,  MAY  21  ST,  1890. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

The  meeting  of  the  Legislature  today  affords  me  the  oppor- 
tunity to  congratulate  the  Nation  upon  the  measure  of  pros- 
perity enjoyed  by  it  during  the  period  which  has  elapsed  since 
the  commencement  of  the  last  Session. 

The  friendly  relations  between  this  Kingdom  and  Foreign 
Nations  continue  to  promote  the  happiness  and  security  of  Our 
subjects,  and  of  all  sojourners  within  Our  borders. 

During  the  biennial  period  just  closed,  the  country  has  enjoyed 
a  great  degree  of  prosperity.  Industry  and  enterprise  have  been 
well  rewarded,  and  as  will  appear  from  the  Reports  of  the  sev- 
eral Departments  of  the  Government,  great  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  development  of  our  material  interests. 

It  is  a  source  of  gratification  that  our  credit  is  good,  and  that 
our  financial  affairs  have  been  placed  upon  a  sound  basis. 

I  sincerely  trust  that  the  laws  which  you  shall  enact  for  the 
welfare  of  the  Kingdom  will  foster  and  encourage  the  extension 
of  public  improvements  in  the  full  confidence  that  they  will  return 
to  us  rich  rewards,  and  I  recommend  for  your  consideration, 
liberal  expenditures  for  the  development  of  the  industries  of  the 
Kingdom,  especially  in  the  encouragement  of  railroads  and  other 
facilities  for  the  transportation  of  merchandise  and  of  passengers. 

The  Authorities  charged  with  guarding  the  health  of  the  people 
have  been  vigilant,  and  have  succeeded  in  a  great  measure  in 
the  suppression  of  our  chief  malady. 

The  subject  of  education,  so  closely  connected  with  the  founda- 
tion of  good  government,  has  received  the  earnest  consideration 
of  those  appointed  to  forward  its  interest,  and  our  progress  in 
this  important  branch  of  human  welfare  has  received  the  com- 
mendations of  all  nations,  as  expressed  at  the  Paris  Exposition, 
where  our  educational  exhibits  were  rewarded  with  the  highest 
order  of  prizes. 

In  view  of  the  probable  completion  of  an  Inter-Oceanic  ship 
canal  in  the  near  future,  and  of  the  promised  extension  of  lines 
of  steam  communication,  it  is  of  the  highest  importance  that  our 
harbors  should  be  prepared  to  furnish  accommodation  to  the 
great  increase  of  commerce  which  will  surely  follow. 

Let  us  also  hope  that  arrangements  may  be  made  during  the 
present  period,  whereby  an  electric  cable  under  the  Pacific  shall 
place  us  in  instantaneous  communication  with  the  thoughts  and 
feelings  of  the  whole  human  race,  and  add  largely  to  our  com- 
mercial advantages. 


177 

We  shall  deem  it  wise  with  your  concurrence  to  pledge  the 
credit  of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom  for  such  purposes,  and  it  cannot 
be  doubted  that  the  material  welfare  of  the  nation  will  be  thereby 
greatly  enhanced. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  invoking  the  blessings  of  the  Al- 
mighty upon  your  deliberations,  I  now  declare  the  Legislature  of 
the  Kingdom  opened. 


12 


178 
LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 


Began  May  21. 


Session  of  1890. 
Sat  129  Days. 


Ended  November  14. 


J.  S.  WALKER,  President. 
J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


Nobles. 

BURCHARDT,  E.  A. 
HIND,  R.  R. 
HORNER,  J.  M. 
KAUHANE,  J. 
MARSDEN,  J. 
PARKER,  SAMUEL. 


Representatives. 

APIKI,  0.  K. 
BAKER,  J.   T. 
HORNER,   A. 
KAHOOKANO,  J.  K. 
NAWAHI,  J. 
RICKARD,  W.  H. 
WAIPUILANI,   J.   H. 


MAUI,    MOLOKAI    AND    LANAI. 


ANDERSON,  JAMES. 
BALDWIN,  H.  P. 
CORNWELL,   W.    H. 
HORNER,  W.  Y. 
Von  TEMPSKY,  L. 
WALBRIDGE,   R.   D. 


COCKETT,  P.* 
HALSTEAD,  W.  H. 
KALUA,  J.   W.*i 
KAMAI,  P. 
KANEALII,  L.   W.  P. 
PAEHAOLE,  A.  P. 
WHITE,  WILLIAM. 


BERGER,   C.  0.*2 

crabbe,  h.  g. 
cummins,  j.  a.*3 
macfarlane,  e. 
McCarthy,  c.  j. 

MULLER,  E. 
PHILLIPS,   JOHN. 
PUA,  D.  W. 
WALKER,  J.  S. 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A. 


BROWN,  CECIL. 
BUSH,  J.  E. 
CUMMINGS,  W.  H. 
KAUHI,  A. 
LUCAS,  T.  R. 
MARQUES,  A. 
ROSA,  A. 
WILCOX,  R.   W. 


KAUAI    AND    NIIHAU. 


ISENBERG,  PAUL. 
KANOA,  P.  P. 
WILCOX,  G.  N. 


ASHFORD,  C.  W. 
BROWN,   GODFREY 
DAMON,  S.  M. 
SPENCER,  C.  N. 


KNUDSEN,   V. 
RICE,  W.  H. 
WILCOX,  A.  S. 


Ministers. 


AUSTIN,  J. 
CUMMINS,  J.  A. 
PETERSON,  A.  P. 
THURSTON,  L.  A. 


*  Seated  October  13,  vice  Kalua,  resigned. 
*i  Resigned  September  9. 
*2  From  July  14,  vice  Cummins,  resigned. 

*3  Resigned    June    17    to    accept    appointment    of    Minister    of    Foreign 
Affairs. 


179 


HIS  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1890. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Your  arduous  and  protracted  labors  during  the  Session  of 
1890  having  come  to  a  close,  I  sincerely  congratulate  you  that 
you  can  return  to  your  homes  with  the  satisfaction  that  you  have 
zealously  endeavored  to  discharge  the  important  and  onerous 
duties  imposed  upon  you  by  the  Electors  of  the  Kingdom,  to  the 
best  of  your  abilities. 

The  very  liberal  appropriations  made,  which  are  somewhat  in 
excess  of  the  estimated  revenues  of  the  country,  will  necessitate 
on  the  part  of  my  Ministers  a  careful  and  economical  adminis- 
tration of  the  funds  at  their  disposal  in  order  that  an  equitable 
distribution  may  be  made  of  the  same  in  the  various  Districts 
of  the  Kingdom. 

I  desire  to  express  My  high  appreciation  of  all  those,  who  at 
considerable  sacrifice  of  time  and  personal  interests,  have  devoted 
their  services  to  Legislative  Duties.  The  experience  gained  by 
them  in  the  Legislature  will  enable  them  to  explain  more  clearly 
to  their  constituents  the  unremitted  interest  I  and  My  Ministers 
take  in  the  welfare  and  progress,  moral  and  commercial,  of  the 
Hawaiian  Kingdom. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  pray  the  Almighty  that  He  may 
continue  His  blessings  to  flow  upon  you  and  Our  beloved  country. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislature  prorogued. 


180 

HER  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  OPENING  OF  THE 
LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY  OF  MAY  28TH,   1892. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

Since  the  Legislature  of  this  Kingdom  last  assembled,  death 
has  taken  from  us  your  lamented  King  and  My  beloved  brother. 
His  reign  of  nearly  seventeen  years  marked  an  extraordinary 
epoch  in  our  country's  history,  an  era  of  unparalleled  commer- 
cial advancement,  of  educational  enlightenment  and  political 
progress. 

His  late  Majesty's  memory  will  be  held  sacred  by  his  friends, 
and  his  successful  labors  in  the  interests  of  his  people  properly 
estimated  and  respected  by  all. 

The  decree  of  Providence  and  the  Constitution  of  the  King- 
dom having  called  Me  to  occupy  the  Throne  of  Hawaii,  it  is  my 
earnest  prayer  that  Divine  assistance  may  be  vouchsafed  to 
enable  Me  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  exalted  position  to  the 
advantage  of  My  people  and  the  permanent  benefit  of  Hawaii. 

With  the  consent  of  the  Nobles  of  the  Kingdom  I  have  ap- 
pointed Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Victoria  Kawekiu 
Kaiulani  Lunalilo  Kalaninuiahilapalapa  as  My  successor. 

Fully  recognizing  that  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the 
Kingdom  My  station  is  that  of  a  Constitutional  Monarch,  ac- 
cepting the  will  of  My  people  as  pronounced  by  them  through 
their  representatives  in  the  Legislature  and  My  Constitutional 
Advisers  the  Ministers  of  the  Crown,  I  shall  firmly  endeavor  to 
preserve  the  autonomy  and  absolute  independence  of  this  King- 
dom, and  to  assist  in  perpetuating  the  rights  and  privileges  of  all 
who  are  subject  to  our  laws  and  in  promoting  their  welfare  and 
happiness. 

I  am  gratified  to  state  that  My  relations  with  Foreign  Powers 
are  of  the  most  cordial  and  friendly  nature. 

The  treaty  of  commercial  reciprocity  between  this  Kingdom  and 
the  United  States  which  has  hitherto  proved  so  beneficial  to  both 
countries  in  building  up  and  maintaining  a  larger  commerce  and 
exchange  of  productions  has  been  seriously  affected  by  tariff 
legislation  made  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  the  effect 
of  which  on  our  principal  industry  is  being  severely  felt.  I  trust 
that  such  legislation  as  may  tend  to  relieve  the  consecjuent  de- 
pression will  receive  your  early  and  careful  attention. 

I  recommend  the  appointment  of  a  Special  Commission  to 
ascertain  the  most  practical  manner  of  developing  and  expand- 
ing the  several  industrial  and  agricultural  resources  of  the  King- 
dom ;  and  more  especially  with  a  view  to  enable  small  land  holders 
to  add  to  the  wealth  and  progress  of  the  Kingdom  by  raising 
such  products  as  the  soil  and  climate  of  the  country  foster. 


181 

The  probability  of  a  decrease  in  the  revenues  of  the  Kingdom 
requires  economy  and  retrenchment  in  the  expenditure  of  the 
pubHc  funds ;  but  I  earnestly  hope  that  every  effort  will  be  made 
to  carry  out  all  necessary  internal  improvements  throughout  the 
Kingdom. 

I  note  with  pleasure  that  surveys  are  being  made  between  the 
western  coast  of  the  United  States  of  America  and  these  Islands 
for  the  purpose  of  laying  a  submarine  cable.  I  sincerely  hope 
that  every  effort  to  connect  Hawaii  by  an  electric  cable  with  the 
outside  world  will  continue  to  receive  your  assistance. 

I  commend  to  your  earnest  attention  the  invitation  received  by 
My  Government  from  the  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America  to  participate  in  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus  by  sending  an 
exhibit  to  the  \\"orld's  Columbian  Exposition  to  be  held  at  the 
City  of  Chicago  in  1893. 

My  Ministers  will  submit  for  your  consideration  the  Reports 
of  their  several  Departments  and  the  laws  necessary  for  the 
welfare  of  the  Kingdom  and  the  promotion  of  the  objects  I  have 
referred  to. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  invoking  the  blessing  of  Divine 
Providence  upon  your  deliberations,  I  now  declare  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  Kingdom  opened. 


182 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  KINGDOM. 

Session  of  1892. 

Began  May  2S,  1892.  Ended  January  14,  1893. 

Sat  171  Days. 

J.  S.  WALKEE,  President. 

J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


Nobles. 

HIND,  E.  E. 
HOENEE,   J.   M. 
KAUHANE,   J. 
HOAPILI,   J.   G. 
MAESDEN,    J. 
YOUNG,    ALEXANDER. 


Representatives. 


ANDEESON,  JAMES. 
BALDWIN,  H.  P. 
COENWELL,  W.  H.*i 
HOENEE,  W.  Y. 
THUESTON,   L.   A. 
WALBEIDGE,  R.   D. 


HOENEE,  A. 
KAMAUOHA,   G.   P. 
KAPAHU,  J.  N. 
KAUNAMANO,    J.    K 
KOAHOU,  K.  M. 
NAWAHI,   J.* 
WAIPUILANI,   J.   H. 

MAUr,     MOLOKAI    AND    LANAI. 


EDMONDS,   W. 
lOSEPA,  J.  K. 
KALUNA,  J. 
KANEALIL    L.    W. 
NAHINU,  T.  S. 
WHITE,   WILLIAM. 


BEEGEE,  C.   O. 
CUMMINS,  J.  A, 
ENA,   JOHN. 
HOPKINS,  C.  L.*2 
MACFAELANE,  E.  C.*3 
MAILE,   C.   B.*4 
NEUMANN,  PAUL.*5 
PETEESON,  A.  P. 
PUA,  D.  W. 
WALKER,   J.   S. 
WILLIAMS,   J.   S.   N. 


AKI,    S.    K. 
ASHFOED,    C.    W. 
BIPIKANE,    J.    W, 
BUSH,   J.   E. 
KAUHI,  A. 
PUA,  S.  K. 
WILCOX,  E.   W. 
WILDEE,   W.   C. 


DEIEE,    A. 
KANOA,  P.  P. 

McBEYDE,   A.*6 
WILCOX,  G.  N.* 


KAUAI    AND     NIIHAU. 

AKINA,  J.  A. 
SMITH,  W.  O. 
WILCOX,  A.   S. 


BEOWN,  CECIL. 
COLBUEN,   J.   F. 
rOENWELL,  W.  H. 
CEEIGHTON,    CHAELES. 
GULICK,  C.  T. 
JONES,   P.    C. 
MACFAELANE,    E.    C. 
NAWAHI,  JOSEPH. 


Ministers. 


NEUMANN,  P. 
PAEKEE,  S. 
EOBINSON,  M.   P. 
SPENCEE,  C.  N. 
WHITING,  W.  A. 
WTDEMANN,  H.  A. 
WILCOX,  G.  N. 

C.  J.  McCAETHY,  Clerl: 


Appointed  Minister  Foreign  Affairs.     Eeeleeted, 
.      Appointed    Minister    Finance,       Eeeleeted, 


*  Eesigned  November  1 
seated  December  24. 

*i  Eesigned  November 
seated  December  5. 

*2  From  October  7,  vice  Macfarlane,  resigned. 

*3  Eesigned  September  12.     Appointed  Minister  Finance 

*i  From  October  7,  vice  Neumann,  resigned. 

*5  Eesigned  August  29.     Appointed  Attorney  General. 

*6  From  December  19,  vice  Wilcox,  resigned. 

*7  Eesigned  November  8.     Appointed  Minister  Interior, 


183 


HER  MAJESTY'S  SPEECH  AT  THE  PROROGATION  OF 
THE  LEGISLATIE  ASSEMBLY  OF  1892. 


Nobles  and  Representatives: 

More  than  seven  months  have  elapsed  since  I  opened  this 
Assembly.  During  that  time  many  changes  of  Cabinets  have 
taken  place.  The  unprecedented  length  of  the  session  has  in- 
volved much  labor,  and  I  congratulate  you  on  at  last  having 
completed  your  arduous  duties. 

The  Legislation  which  has  now  been  placed  on  the  Statiit^ 
Books,  will  I  trust  conduce  to  the  advancement  of  the  material 
interests  of  the  Kingdom,  and  it  gives  me  pleasure  to  note  that 
attempts  to  tamper  with  the  currency  and  interfere  with  the  estab- 
lished usages  of  Commerce  have  been  happily  averted. 

My  Ministers  will  use  their  best  efforts  to  carry  out  your  inten- 
tions as  expressed  in  the  numerous  acts  which  have  become  law. 

The  appropriations  which  you  have  made  are  on  a  liberal  scale, 
and  it  is  the  hope  of  Myself  and  My  Constitutional  advisers  that 
the  revenues  of  the  Government  will  be  adequate  for  the  proper 
carrying  out  of  your  intentions  as  so  expressed. 

It  will  be  My  earnest  endeavor  to  promote  such  Treaty  rela- 
tions with  our  Great  and  Friendly  Neighbor,  the  United  States 
of  America,  as  may  restore  to  Our  agricultural  interests  that 
measure  of  prosperity  which  we  formerly  enjoyed. 

It  is  also  a  source  of  gratification  for  Me  to  notice  that  liberal 
encouragement  has  been  extended  to  some  of  our  infant  indus- 
tries, and  it  is  My  hope  that  the  results  will  prove  the  wisdom  of 
your  action. 

Nobles  and  Representatives,  I  pray  the  Almighty  may  continue 
to  pour  out  upon  your  and  our  Country  blessings  and  prosperity 
as  heretofore. 

I  now  declare  this  Legislature  prorogued. 


PROVISIONAL  GOVERNMENT 


SANFORD  B.  DOLE,  President. 

January  17,  1893— July  4,  1894. 


Republic  of  Hawaii 


SANFORD  B.  DOLE,  President. 

July  4,  1894— June  14,  1900. 


PROCLAMATION 


INCIDENT  TO  THE  CHANGE  FROM  THE  MONARCHY 
TO  THE  PROVISIONAL  GOVERNMENT. 


Proclamation  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  January  17,  1893. 

In  its  earlier  history  Hawaii  possessed  a  Constitutional  Gov- 
ernment honestly  and  economically  administered  in  the  public 
interest. 

The  Crown  called  to  its  assistance  as  advisers  able,  honest  and 
conservative  men  whose  integrity  was  unc|uestioned  even  by  their 
politcal  opponents. 

The  stability  of  the  Governmer.  was  assured;  armed  resist- 
ance and  revolution  unthought  of,  popular  rights  were  respected, 
and  the  privileges  of  the  subject  from  time  to  time  increased 
and  the  prerogatives  of  the  Sovereign  diminished  by  the  volun- 
tary acts  of  the  successive  Kings. 

With  very  few  exceptions  this  state  of  affairs  continued  until 
the  expiration  of  the  first  few  years  of  the  reign  of  His  late 
Majesty  Kalakaua.  At  this  time  a  change  was  discernible  in  the 
spirit  animating  the  chief  executive  and  in  the  influences  sur- 
rounding the  Throne.  A  steadily  increasing  disposition  was 
manifested  on  the  part  of  the  King,  to  extend  the  Royal  pre- 
rogatives ;  to  favor  adventurers  and  persons  of  no  character  or 
standing  in  the  community ;  to  encroach  upon  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  the  people  by  steadily  increasing  corruption  of 
electors,  and  by  means  of  the  power  an  influence  of  office  holders 
and  other  corrupt  means  to  illegitimately  influence  the  elections, 
resulting  in  the  final  absolute  control  of  not  only  the  executive 
and  legislative ;  but  to  a  certain  extent  the  judicial  departments 
of  the  government,  in  the  interest  of  absolutism. 

This  finally  resulted  in  the  revulsion  of  feeling  and  popular 
uprising  of  1887,  which  wrested  from  the  King  a  large  portion 
of  his  ill-gotten  powers. 

The  leaders  of  this  movement  were  not  seeking  personal  ag- 
grandizement, politcal  power,  or  the  suppression  of  the  native 
government.  If  this  had  been  their  object  it  could  easily  have 
been  accomplished,  for  they  had  the  absolute  control  of  the  situ- 
ation. , 

Their  object  was  to  secure  responsible  government  through 
a  representative  Cabinet,  supported  by  and  responsible  to  the 
people's  elected  representatives.  A  clause  to  this  efl^ect  was 
inserted  in  the  Constitution  and  subsequently  enacted  by  law  by 
the  Legislature,  specifically  covering  the  ground  that,  in  all  mat- 


186  • 

ters  concernig  the  State  the  Sovereign  was  to  act  by  and  with 
the  advice  of  the  Cabinet  and  only  by  and  with  such  advice. 

The  King  willingly  agreed  to  such  proposition,  expressed  re- 
gret for  the  past,  and  volunteered  promises  for  the  future. 

Almost  from  the  date  of  such  agreement  and  promises,  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  the  history  of  the  Government  has  been 
a  continual  struggle  between  the  King  on  the  one  hand  and  the 
Cabinet  and  the  Legislature  on  the  other,  the  former  constantly 
endeavoring  by  every  available  form  of  influence  and  evasion  to 
ignore  his  promises  and  agreements  and  regain  his  lost  powers. 

This  conflict  upon  several  occasions  came  to  a  crisis,  followed 
each  time  by  submission  on  the  part  of  His  Majesty,  by  renewed 
expressions  of  regret  and  promises  to  abide  by  the  constitutional 
and  legal  restrictions  in  the  future.  In  each  instance  such  promise 
was  kept  until  a  further  opportunity  presented  itself,  when  the 
conflict  was  renewed  in  defiance  and  regardless  of  all  previous 
pledges. 

Upon  the  accession  of  Her  Majesty  Liliuokalani,  for  a  brief 
period  the  hope  prevailed  that  a  new  policy  would  be  adopted. 
This  hope  was  soon  blasted  by  her  immediately  entering  into 
conflict  with  the  existing  Cabinet,  who  held  office  with  the  ap- 
proval of  a  large  majority  of  the  Legislature,  resulting  in  the 
triumph  of  the  Queen  and  the  removal  of  the  Cabinet.  The 
appointment  of  a  new  Cabinet  subservient  to  her  wishes  and 
their  continuance  in  office  until  a  recent  date  gave  no  opportunity 
for  further  indication  of  the  policy  which  would  be  pursued  by 
Her  Majesty  until  the  opening  of  the  Legislature  in  May  of  1892. 

The  recent  history  of  that  session  has  shown  a  stubborn  deter- 
mination on  the  part  of  Her  Majesty  to  follow  the  tactics  of  her 
late  brother,  and  in  all  possible  ways  to  secure  an  extension  of 
the  royal  prerogatives  and  an  abridgment  of  popular  rights. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  session,  the  Legislature  was  re- 
plete with  corruption ;  bribery  and  other  illegitimate  influences 
were  openly  utilized  to  secure  the  desired  end,  resulting  in  the 
final  complete  overthrow  of  all  opposition  and  the  inauguration 
of  a  Cabinet  arbitrarily  selected  .by  Her  Majesty  in  complete 
defiance  of  constitutional  principles  and  popular  representation. 

Notwithstanding  such  result,  the  defeated  party  peacefully 
submitted  to  the  situation. 

Not  content  with  her  victory.  Her  Majesty  proceeded  on  the 
last  day  of  the  session  to  arbitrarily  arrogate  to  herself  the  right 
to  promulgate  a  new  Constitution,  which  proposed  among  other 
things  to  disfranchise  over  one-fourth  of  the  voters  and  the  own- 
ers of  nine-tenths  of  the  private  property  of  the  Kingdom,  to 
abolish  the  elected  upper  House  of  the  Legislature  and  to  substi- 
tute in  place  thereof  an  appointive  one  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Sovereign. 

The  detailed  history  of  this  attempt  and  the  succeeding  events 


187 

in  connection  therewith  is  given  in  the  report  of  the  ^mmittee 
of  Public  Safety  to  the  citizens  of  Honolulu,  and  the  ^solution 
adopted  at  the  Mass  Meeting  held  on  the  16th  inst;,  the  correct- 
ness of  which  report  and  the  propriety  of  which  resolution  are 
hereby  specifically  afiirmed. 

The  constitutional  evolution  indicated  has  slowly  and  steadily, 
though  reluctantly,  and  regretfully,  convinced  an  overwhelming 
majority  of  the  conservative  and  responsible  members  of  the 
community  that  independent,  constitutional,  representative  and 
responsible  government,  able  to  protect  itself  from  revolutionary 
uprisings  and  royal  aggression  is  no  longer  possible  in  Hawaii 
under  the  existing  system  of  Government. 

Five  uprisings  or  conspiracies  against  the  Government  have 
occurred  wathin  five  years  and  seven  months.  It  is  firmly  be- 
lieved that  the  culminating  revolutionary  attempt  of  last  Satur- 
day will,  unless  radical  measures  are  taken,  wreck  our  already 
damaged  credit  abroad  and  precipitate  to  final  ruin  our  already 
overstrained  financial  condition;  and  the  guarantees  of  protection 
to  life,  liberty,  and  property  will  steadily  decrease  and  the  political 
situation  rapidly  grow  worse. 

In  this  belief,  and  also  in  the  firm  belief  that  the  action  hereby 
taken  is.  and  will  be  for  the  best  personal,  political  and  property 
interests  of  every  citizen  of  the  land; 

We,  citizens  and  residents  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  organized 
and  acting  for  the  public  safety  and  the  common  good,  hereby 
proclaim  as  follows : 

1.  The  Hawaiian  Monarchical  system  of  Government  is  here- 
by abrogated. 

2.  A  Provisional  Government  for  the  control  and  manage- 
ment of  public  aiTairs  and  the  protection  of  the  public  peace  is 
hereby  established,  to  exist  until  terms  of  union  with  the  United 
States  of  America  have  been  negotiated  and  agreed  upon. 

3.  Such  Provisional  Government  shall  consist  of  an  Execu- 
tive Council  of  -Four  Members,  who  are  hereby  declared  to  be 

S.  B.  DOLE, 
T.  A.  KING, 
P.  C.  JONES, 
W.  O.  SMITH. 

Who  shall  .administer  the  Executive  Departments  of  the  Govern- 
ment, the  first  named  acting  as  President  and  Chairman  of  such 
Council  and  administering  the  Department  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
and  the  others  severally  administering  the  Department  of  Inte- 
rior. Finance  and  Attorney-General,  respectively,  in  the  order 
in  which  they  are  above  enumerated,  according  to  existing  Ha- 
waiian Law  as  far  as  may  be  consistent  with  this  Proclamation ; 
and  also  of  an  Advisory  Council,  which  shall  consist  of  fourteen 
members,  who  are  hereby  declared  to  be 


188 

S.  M.  DAMON, 
A.  BROWN, 
L.  A.  THURSTON, 
J.   F.   MORGAN, 
J.  EMMELUTH, 
H.  WATERHOUSE. 
T.  A.  McCANDLESS, 

E.  D.  TENNEY, 

F.  W.  McCHESNEY, 
F.  WILHELM, 

W.  R.  CASTLE, 
W.  G.  ASHLEY, 
W.  C.  WILDER, 
C.  BOLTE. 

Such  Advisory   Council   shall   also   have*  general   legislative   au- 
thority. 

Such  Executive  and  Advisory  Councils  shall,  acting  jointly, 
have  power  to  remove  any  member  of  either  Council  and  to  fill 
such  or  any  other  vacancy. 

4.  All  officers  under  the  existing  Government  are  hereby 
requested  to  continue  to  exercise  their  functions  and  perform  the 
duties  of  their  respective  offices,  with  the  exception  of  the  fol- 
lowing named  persons : 

Queen  Liliuokalani, 

Charles  B.  Wilson,  Marshal, 

Samuel  Parker,  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 

W.  H.  Cornwell,  Minister  of  Finance, 

John  F.  Colburn,  Minister  of  the  Interior, 

Arthur  P.  Peterson,  Attorney-General, 

who  are  hereby  removed  from  office. 

5.  All  Hawaiian  Laws  and  Constitutional  principles  not  in- 
consistent herewith  shall  continue  in  force  until  further  order  of 
the  Executive  and  Advisory  Councils. 

(Signed)    HENRY  E.  COOPER,  Chairman, 
ANDREW  BROWN, 
"     THEODORE  F.  LANSING, 
JOHN  EMMELUTH, 
C.  BOLTE, 
ED.  SUHR, 

HENRY  WATERHOUSE, 
W.  C.  WILDER, 
F.  W.  McCHESNEY, 
WM.  O.  SMITH, 
LORRIN  A.  THURSTON, 
WM.  R.  CASTLE, 
J.  A.  McCANDLESS, 

Committee  of  Safety. 
Honolulu,  H.  L,  January  17th,  1893. 


189 

The  Executive  and  Advisory  Councils  were  named  as  the  Leg- 
islative Power  by  a  Proclamation  of  the  Committee  of  Safety, 
issued  January  17,  1893,  and  acted  as  such  until  May  22,  1895, 
on  which  date  the  last  joint  meeting  was  held.  During  this 
period  the  members  of  the  respective  councils  were  as  follows : 

Executive  Council. 

SANFORD  B.  DOLE,  January  17,  1893. 

JAMES  A.  KING,  January  17,  1893. 

PETER  C.  JONES,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  March  15,  1893. 

WILLIAM  O.  SMITH,  January  17,  1893. 

T.   C.   PORTER,  March  15,  1893.     Resigned  May  29,  1893. 

SAMUEL  M.  DAMON,  May  29,  1893. 

F.  M.  HATCH,  February  15,  1894. 

Advisory  Council. 

WILLIAM  F.  ALLEN,  January  18,  189.3-May  22,  1895. 

WM.  GEORGE  ASHLEY,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  January  23,  1893. 

C.  BOLTE,  January  17,  1893-May  22,  1895. 

ANDREW  BROWN,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  February  27,  1893. 

CECIL  BROWN,  January  25,   1893.     Resigned   October   25,   1891. 

CHARLES  L.  CARTER,  January  18,  1893.     Resigned  January  18,  1893. 

GEORGE  P.  CASTLE,  January  16,  189.5-May  22.  1895. 

WM.  R.  CASTLE,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  January  18,  1893. 

CHARLES  M.  COOKE,  January  18,  1893.     Resigned  February  1,  1893. 

HENRY  E.  COOPER,  January  18,  1893.     Resigned  March  7,  1893. 

SAMUEL  C.  DAMON,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  May  29,  1893. 

JOHN  EMMELUTH.  January  17,  1893-May  22,  1895. 

JOHN  ENA,  June  29,  189.3-May  22,  1895. 

FRANC rS  M.  HATCH,  March  7,  1893.     Resigned  February  15,  1894. 

FRANK  A.  HOSMER,  January  16,  189i5-May  22,  1895. 

JAMES  A.  KENNEDY,  January  16,  1895-May  22,  1895. 

J.  A.   MeCANDLESS,  January   17,   1893.     Resigned   April   14,   1893. 

J.  A.  :\reCANDLESS,  May  31,  1894.     Resigned  October  25,  1894. 

F.  W.  McCHERNEY,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  June  22,  1893. 

JOS.  P.  ^^lENDOXCA,  June  5,  1893-May  22,  1895. 

JAMES  F.  MORGAN,  January  17,  1893-May  22,  1895. 

JOHN   NOTT,  February  27,  1893-May  22,  1895. 

ED.  SUHR,  February  4,  1893.     Resigned  May  31,   1894. 

D.  B.  SMITH,  March  8,  1894-May  22,  1895. 

EDW.   D.   TENNEY,  January  17,  1893-May  22,   1895. 

L.  A.  THURSTON,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  January  18,  1893. 

HENRY  WATERHOUSE,  January  17.  1893.     Resigned  October  25,   1894. 

WM.  C.  WILDER,  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  January  18,  1893. 

WM.  C.  AVILDER,  April  14,  1893.     Resigned  October  25,  1894. 

F.  J.  WILHELM.  January  17,  1893.     Resigned  January  18,  1893. 

C.  B.  WOOD,  January  16,  189.5-Mav  22.  1895. 

ALEXANDER  YOUNG,  January  18,  1893-May  22,  1895. 


190 
CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HAWAII. 


Adopted  by  Constitutional  Convention,  July  3rd,  1894. 

RIGHTS  OF  PERSON  AND  PROPERTY. 

Article  1. — Rights  of  the  Person. 

Section  1.  God  hath  endowed  all  men  with  certain  inalien- 
able Rights,  among  which  are  Life,  Liberty  and  the  Right  of 
acquiring,  possessing  and  portecting  Property,  and  of  pursuing 
and  obtaining  Happiness. 

Section  2.  The  Government  is  conducted  for  the  common 
good,  and  not  for  the  profit,  honor  or  private  interest  of  any  one 
man,  family  or  class  of  men. 

Section  3.  The  Legislature  may  provide  by  law,  however, 
for  the  supervision,  registration,  control  and  identification  of  all 
persons,  or  any  class  or  nationality  of  persons ;  and  may  also  by 
law  restrict  and  limit  the  term  of  residence,  and  the  business  or 
employment  of  all  persons  or  of  any  class  or  nationality  of  per- 
sons coming  into  the  Republic. 

Article  2. — Religious  Freedom. 
All  men  are  free  to  worship  God  according  to  the  dictates  of 
their  own  consciences;  but  this  privilege  shall  not  be  so  construed 
as  to  justify  acts  of  licentiousness  or  practices  inconsistent  with 
the  peace  or  safety  of  the  Republic. 

Article  3. — Freedom  of  Speech  and  of  the  Press. 

All  men  may  freely  speak,  write  and  publish  their  sentiments 
on  all  subjects;  and  no  law  shall  be  enacted  to  restrain  the  lib- 
erty of  speech  or  of  the  press;  but  all  persons  shall  be  responsible 
for  the  abuse  of  such  right.  Provided,  however,  that  the  Legis- 
lature may  enact  such  laws  as  may  be  necessary,  to  restrain  and 
prevent  the  publication  or  public  utterance  of  indecent  or  sedi- 
tious language. 

Article  4. — Meeting  and  Petition. 

All  men  shall  have  the  right  to  assemble  in  an  orderly  and 
peaceable  manner,  without  arms,  to  consult  upon  the  common 
good  and  to  petition  the  President  or  Legislature  for  redress  of 
grievances. 

Article  5. — Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus. 

The  privilege  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  belongs  to  all 


191 

men,  and  shall  not  be  suspended,  except  by  the  President  or  by 
one  of  the  Cabinet  Ministers  as  herein  provided,  when  in  case 
of  rebellion  or  invasion,  or  imminent  danger  of  rebellion  or  in- 
vasion, the  public  safety  shall  require  its  suspension. 

Provided,  however,  that  no  alien  unlawfully  entering  the  Re- 
public shall  be  entitled  to  this  Writ  as  of  right. 

Article  6. — Right  of  Trial. 

Section  1.  No  person  shall  be  subject  to  punishment  for 
any  offense  except  on  due  and  legal  conviction  thereof  by  a 
tribunal  having  jurisdiction  of  the  case. 

Section  2.  Except  in  case  of  impeachment  or  offenses  with- 
in the  jurisdiction  of  a  district  magistrate,  or  in  summary  pro- 
ceedings for  contempt,  no  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for 
any  offense  except  upon  indictment,  information  or  complaint, 
describing  such  offense ;  and  he  shall  in  all  cases  have  the  right 
to  meet  the  witnesses  who  are  produced  against  him,  face  to 
face;  to  produce  witnesses  and  proofs  in  his  own  favor;  and  by 
himself  or  his  counsel,  at  his  election,  to  examine  the  witnesses 
produced  by  himself  and  cross-examine  those  produced  against 
him,  and  to  be  heard  in  his  own  defense. 

Section  3.  Subject  to  such  changes  as  the  Legislature  may 
from  time  to  time  make  in  the  number  of  jurors  for  the  trial  of 
any  case,  and  concerning  the  number  required  to  agree  to  a  ver- 
dict and  the  manner  in  which  the  jury  may  be  selected  and 
drawn,  and  the  composition  and  qualifications  thereof,  the  right 
of  trial  by  jury  in  all  cases  in  which  it  has  been  heretofore  used, 
shall  remain  inviolable  except  in  actions  for  debt  or  assumpsit 
in  which  the  amount  claimed  does  not  exceed  one  hundred  dol- 
lars, and  such  offenses  less  than  felonies  as  may  be  designated 
by  law.  And  provided  that  no  capital  case  shall  be  tried  by  a 
jury  of  less  than  twelve  men.    , 

The  jury  may  be  waived  in  all  civil  cases  under  such  condi- 
tions as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  and  by  defendants  in  all 
criminal  cases  except  capital. 

Article  7. — Previous  Conviction  or  Acquittal. 

No  person  shall  be  required  to  answer  for  any  offense  identical 
both  in  law  and  fact  with  an  offense  of  which  he  has  been 
duly  convicted  or  of  which  he  has  been  duly  acquitted. 

Article  8. — Privilege  of  Accused. 

No  person  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a 
witness  against  himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty  or  prop- 
erty, without  due  process  of  law. 


192 

Article  9. — Slavery. 

Involuntary  servitude,  except  for  crime,  is  forever  prohibited 
in  this  Repubhc.  Whenever  a  slave  shall  enter  the  Territory 
of  this  Republic  he  shall  be  free. 

Article  10. — Security  from   Search  and  Arrest. 

Every  person  has  the  right  to  be  secure  from  all  unreasonable 
searches  and  seizures  of  his  person,  his  house,  his  papers  and 
effects;  and  no  warrant  shall  issue,  except  on  probable  cause, 
supported  by  oath  or  affirmation  and  describing  the  place  to  be 
searched  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article   11. — Taxing  and  Appropriating   Power. 

Section  1.  No  Subsidy,  Duty  or  Tax,  of  any  description,  shall 
be  established  or  levied  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislature ; 
nor  shall  any  money  be  drawn  from  the  Public  Treasury  with- 
out sucli  consent,  except  in  the  manner  directed  by  this  Consti- 
tution. 

Section  2.  Each  member  of  society  has  the  right  to  be  pro- 
tected in  the  enjoyment  of  his  life,  liberty  and  property,  accord- 
ing to  law ;  and  therefore,  he  shall  be  obliged  to  contribute  his 
proportion  or  share  to  the  expense  of  this  protection ;  and  to 
give  his  personal  services,  or  an  equivalent  when  necessary,  as 
may  be  provided  by  law. 

Article   12. — Eminent  Domain. 

Private  property  may  be  taken  for  public  use,  and  private 
rights  of  way  may  be  obtained  across  the  lands  of  others  for 
railways,  drains,  flumes,  water-pipes  and  ditches  for  agricultural, 
milling,  manufacturing,  mining,  domestic  or  sanitary  purposes ; 
but  only  upon  due  process  of  law  and  just  compensation. 

Public  use  shall  include  such  purposes  as  shall  be  required  or 
designated  by  treaty  stipulations  between  the  Republic  of  Ha- 
waii and  any  other  nation. 

Article  13. — Military  Subject  to  Law. 

Section  1.  The  Military  shall  always  be  subject  to  the  laws 
of  the  land. 

Section  2.  No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered 
in  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner ;  nor  in  time  of 
war,  but  in  a  manner  prescribed  by  the  Legislature. 


193 
THE  REPUBLIC. 

Article  14. — Form  and  Name  of  Government. 

The  Government  hereby  instituted  is  a  Republic  under  the 
terms  and  conditions  of  this  Constitution. 

The  name  of  this  Government  is,  and  shall  be,  the  Republic 
of  Hawaii. 

Article  15. — Territory. 

The  Territory  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  shall  be  that  here- 
tofore constituting  the  Kingdom  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and 
the  territory  ruled  over  by  the  Provisional  Government  of  Ha- 
waii, or  which  may  hereafter  be  added  to  the  Republic. 

Article  16. — Ensign. 

The  Ensign  heretofore  in  use  as  the  Hawaiian  National  En- 
sign, shall  continue  to  be  the  National  Ensign  of  the  Republic 
of  Hawaii. 

Article  17. — Citizenship. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Republic,  are  citi- 
zens thereof. 

Special  Rights  of  Citizenship. 

•  Section  2.  Any  person  not  a  Hawaiian  citizen,  who  took 
active  part,  or  otherwise  rendered  substantial  service  in  the 
formation  of,  and  has  since  supported  the  Provisional  Govern- 
ment of  Hawaii,  who  shall  within  six  months  from  the  promul- 
gation of  this  Constitution  procure  from  the  Minister  of  the 
Interior  a  certificate  of  such  service,  as  herein  set  forth;  and 
who  shall  take  an  oath  to  support  this  Constitution  and  the  laws 
of  the  Republic  so  long  as  he  shall  remain  domiciled  in  the  Re- 
public, .>hall  be  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  of  citizenship  with- 
out thereby  prejudicing  his  native  citizenship  or  allegiance. 

Section  3.  For  the  purpose  of  identifying  the  person  enti- 
tled to  such  certificate,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  shall  ap- 
point such  number  of  examiners  as  he  may  deem  best,  to  receive 
applications  and  take  evidence  upon  such  subject. 

Such  examiners  shall  certify  to  the  said  Minister  a  description 
of  each  person  found  to  be  entitled  to  such  certificate,  which 
description  shall  include  the  name,  age,  country  of  birth,  occu- 
pation, length  of  residence  in  Hawaii  and  present  residence. 

13 


194 

Section  4.  It  shall  be  in  the  discretion  of  the  Minister  of 
the  Interior  to  reverse  the  decision  of  any  such  examiner  and 
issue  a  certificate  to  any  person  in  his  opinion  entitled  thereto; 
and  to  refuse  to  issue  a  certificate  to  any  person,  who,  in  his 
opinion,  is  not  entitled  thereto. 

The  decision  of  the  Minister  shall  be  final,  and  not  subject  to 
appeal  or  review. 

Section  5.  Any  person  to  whom  such  certificate  shall  be 
granted  shall  be  admitted,  upon  application,  to  naturalization, 
without  showing  any   further  qualifications. 

Article   18. — Naturalization. 

Section  1.  The  Naturalization  of  Aliens  shall  be  exclusively 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

The  procedure  shall  be  such  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Section  2.  An  alien  may  be  admitted  to  citizenship  upon 
the  following  conditions,  viz : 

1.  He  shall  have  resided  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  for  not 
less  than  two  years. 

2.  He  must  intend  to  become  a  permanent  citizen  of  the 
Republic. 

3.  He  shall  be  able  understandingly  to  read,  write  and  speak 
the  English  language. 

4.  He  shall  be  able  intelligently  to  explain,  in  his  own  words,, 
in  the  English  language,  the  general  meaning  and  intent  of  any 
article  or  articles  of  this  Constitution. 

5.  He  shall  be  a  citizen  or  subject  of  a  country  having  express 
treaty  stipulations  with  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  concerning  nat- 
uralization. 

6.  He  shall  be  of  good  moral  character  and  not  a  refugee 
from  justice. 

7.  He  shall  be  engaged  in  some  lawful  business  or  employ- 
ment or  have  some  other  lawful  means  of  support. 

8.  He  shall  be  the  owner  in  his  own  right  of  property  in  the 
Republic  of  the  value  of  not  less  than  Two  Hundred  Dollars 
over  and  above  all  encumbrances. 

9.  He  shall  have  taken  the  oath  prescribed  in  Article  101  of 
this  Constitution  and  an  oath  adjuring  allegiance  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  his  native  land  or  that  under  which  he  has  heretofore 
been  naturalized,  and  of  allegiance  to  the  Republic  of  Hawaii. 

10.  He  shall  make  written  application,  verified  by  oath,  to 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  setting  forth  his  possession  of 
and  compliance  with  all  of  the  foregoing  qualifications  and 
requirements,  and  shall  prove  the  same  to  the  satisfaction  of 
such  Justice. 


195 

Article  19. — Denization. 

Section  1.  Letters  of  Denization  of  the  following  classes 
may  be  granted  by  the  Executive  Council : 

1.  Letters  conferring  all  of  the  privileges  of  citizenship,  ex- 
cept the  right  to  vote,  which  may  be  granted  to  any  person. 

2.  Special  Letters  conferring  all  of  the  rights  of  citizenship 
including  the  right  to  vote,  which  shall  be  granted  only  to  per- 
sons eligible  to  become  naturalized ;  provided  however  that  the 
conditions  of  intention  to  become  a  permanent  citizen,  of  an  oath 
abjuring  allegiance  to  the  Government  of  his  native  land,  of  an 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Republic  and  of  application  to  the 
Supreme  Court  shall  not  be  required;  and  provided  further  that 
the  condition  of  being  a  citizen  or  subject  of  a  country  having 
treaty  relations  with  this  Republic  concerning  naturalization  shall 
not  apply  to  persons  who  have  resided  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands 
for  a  period  of  seven  years  or  more  prior  to  the  date  of  the  pro- 
mulgation of  this  Constitution,  and  who  may  apply  for  Letters 
of  Denization  within  five  years  from  such  promulgation. 

Section  2.  Every  person  receiving  letters  of  denization  shall 
take  the  oath  prescribed  in  Article  101  of  this  Constitution  and 
shall  thereupon  be  subject  to  all  the  duties  and  obligations  of 
a  citizen. 

.  Section  3.     All  letters  of  Denization  heretofore  granted  are 
hereby  revoked. 

Article  20. — Division  of  Powers  of  Government. 

The  .Supreme  Power  of  the  Republic  is  divided  into  the  Exec- 
utive, Legislative  and  Judicial.  Except  as  herein  provided,  these 
shall  be  preserved  distinct. 


THE  EXECUTIVE  POWER. 
Article  21. — Executive  Council. 

Section  1.  The  Executive  Power  of  the  Republic  shall  be 
vested  in  a  President  and  Cabinet. 

Section  2.  The  Cabinet  shall  consist  of  a  Minister  of  For- 
eign Aflr'airs ;  a  Minister  of  the  Interior ;  a  Minister  of  Finance, 
and  an  Attorney  General. 

Section  3.  The  President  and  Cabinet  sitting  together  shall 
constitute  the  Executive  Council. 


196 

THE  PRESIDENT. 

Article  22. — Qualifications  of  President. 

In  order  to  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  President,  a  person  shall : 
Be  not  less  than  thirty-five  years  of  age ; 

Have  been  born  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands   or  resided  therein 
for  not  less  than  fifteen  years; 
And  be  a  citizen  of  the  Republic. 

Article  23. — First  President. 

Sanford  Ballard  Dole  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  President 
of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  to  hold  office  until  and  including 
the  31st  day  of  December,  1900,  and  thereafter  until  a  successor 
shall  have  been  duly  elected  and  qualified. 

Article  24. — Election  of  President. 

Section  1.  On  the  third  Wednesday  of  September,  1900, 
and  on  the  third  Wednesday  of  September  in  every  sixth  year 
thereafter,  the  Legislature  shall  meet  to  elect  a  President  for  a 
term  of  six  yars  to  begin  with  the  first  day  of  January  of  the 
year  following. 

Section  2.  For  the  purposes  of  such  election  the  Senate  and 
the  House  of  Representatives  shall  sit  together. 

The  election  shall  be  by  ballot  and  the  person  receiving  a 
majority  vote  of  all  the  elective  members  to  which  the  Legis- 
lature is  entitled,  which  majority  shall  include  a  majority  of  all 
the  Senators,  shall  be  President  for  the  succeeding  term,  or  for 
the  unexpired  portion  of  such  term  in  case  no  person  shall  have 
been  elected  prior  to  the  first  day  of  such  term. 

Section  3.  If  the  Legislature  shall  fail  to  elect  a  President 
before  the  first  day  of  January  following  the  date  when  the 
Legislature  is  required  to  meet  for  such  election,  the  President 
whose  term  has  then  expired  or  the  Minister  who  is  acting  as 
President  shall  continue  to  be  or  act  as  President  until  his 
successor  is  elected  and  qualified ;  but  such  failure  to  elect  shall 
in  no  case  discharge  the  Legislature  from  their  duty  to  imme- 
diately proceed  with  such  election. 

Section  4.  No  President  shall  be  eligible  for  reelection  for 
the  term  immediately  following  that  for  which  he  w^as  elected. 

Article  25. — Salary  of  President. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services 
a  compensation,  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished 


197 

during  the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and 
he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from 
the  Republic. 

Article  26. — Power  of  Appointment. 

Section  1.  The  President,  with  the  approval  of  the  Senate, 
shall  appoint  the  members  of  the  Cabinet ;  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  and  Circuit  Courts;  the  Auditor  General  and  all  Diplo- 
matic and  Consular  Representatives  to  foreign  countries;  and 
until  the  end  of  the  first  session  of  the  Senate,  the  appointees  of 
the  President  shall  act. 

Section  2.  In  case  a  vacancy  in  any  such  office  shall  occur 
while  the  Senate  is  not  in  session,  the  President  may  fill  such 
vacancy  by  granting  a  commission  which  shall,  unless  con- 
firmed, expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  Senate. 

Section  3.  In  case  of  the  absence  from  the  seat  of  Govern- 
ment or  temporary  disability  of  any  member  of  the  Cabinet, 
the  President  may  appoint  one  of  the  remaining  members  of 
the  Cabinet  to  temporarily  perform  the  duties  of  the  member 
so  absent  or  disabled. 

No  such  ad  interim  appointment  shall,  however,  be  valid  for 
more  than  sixty  days  from  the  date  of  the  appointment. 

Section  4.  The  President  shall  also  with  the  approval  of  the 
Cabinet,  appoint  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Health;  Board 
of  Education;  Board  of  Immigration;  Board  of  Prison  Inspec- 
tors and  any  other  Boards  of  a  Public  character  which  may  be 
created  by  law ;  and  the  District  Magistrates. 

Section  5.  The  President  shall  have  the  appointment  and 
removal  of  all  officers  of  the  Government,  whose  appointment 
or  removal  is  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

Article  27. — Power  of  Removal. 

The  President  shall  have  the  power,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Cabinet,  to  remove  any  of  the  officers  enumerated  in  the  last 
Article,  except  the  Auditor  General,  and  the  District  Magis- 
trates, who  shall  be  removable  as  provided  by  law ;  and  except 
the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  and  Circuit  Courts,  who  shall  be 
removable  only  as  herein  prescribed ;  and  except  the  members 
of  the  Cabinet,  who  shall  be  removable  only  by  the  President 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate.  The  President  with  the  ap- 
proval of  three  members  of  the  Cabinet  may  remove  any  member 
of  the  Cabinet. 

Article  28. — Convening  the  Legislature. 

The   President   may   convene   the    Legislature    or   the    Senate 


198 

alone,  in  special  session,  and  in  case  the  seat  of  government  shall 
be  insecure  from  an  enemy,  riot,  or  insurrection  or  any  danger- 
ous disorder,  direct  that  any  regular  or  special  session  shall  be 
held  at  some  other  than  the  regular  meeting  place. 

Article  29. — Receiving  Foreign  Representatives. 

The  President  shall  receive  and  acknowledge  all  Diplomatic 
Representatives  accredited  to  the  Republic  by  other  Governments. 

Article  30. — Messages  to  the  Legislature. 

The  President  shall,  upon  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  and 
at  such  other  times  as  he  may  deem  proper,  inform  such  body, 
by  message  in  writing,  as  to  the  condition  of  the  Republic ;  or 
concerning  other  matters  of  public  interest ;  and  recommend  the 
consideration  of  such  measures  as  to  him  shall  seem  best. 

Article  31. — Martial  Law — Suspension  of  Habeas  Corpus. 

The  President,  or  one  of  the  Cabinet  Ministers  as  herein 
provided,  may,  in  case  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  or  imminent 
danger  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  when  the  public  safety  requires 
it,  suspend  the  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  or  place 
the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  Republic  under  martial  law. 

Article   32. — Treaties. 

The  President,  with  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet,  shall  have 
the  power  to  make  Treaties  with  Foreign  Governments,  subject 
to  the  ratification  of  the  Senate. 

The  President,  with  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet,  is  hereby 
expressly  authorized  and  empowered  to  make  a  Treaty  of  Polit- 
ical or  Commercial  Union  between  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  and 
the  United  States  of  America,  subject  to  the  ratification  of  the 
Senate. 

Article  33. — Commander-in-Chief. 

The  President  is  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  all  the  Military 
Forces  of  the  Republic. 

THE  CABINET. 

Article  34. — Counsellors  of  the  President. 

The  Cabinet  shall  be  the  special  counsellors  of  the  President 
and  shall  be  consulted  by  him  concerning  all  matters  of  public 


199 

policy,  appointments  to  office,  and  other  matters  of  importance 
concerning  which  action  is  contemplated. 

The  President  shall  not  be  bound  to  follow  the  advice  of  the 
Cabinet,  except  in  the  instances  where,  by  this  Constitution,  the 
approval  of  the  Cabinet  is  required  as  a  prerequisite  for  his 
action. 

Article   35. — Reports — Responsibility — Powers  of 
Appointment  and  Removal. 

Section  1.  Each  member  of  the  Cabinet  shall  keep  an  office 
at  the  seat  of  Government,  and  shall,  not  later  than  the  last 
Wednesday  in  February  in  each  year,  present  to  the  President 
a  full  report  of  the  principal  transactions  within  his  department 
during  the  year  ending  December  thirty-first  last  preceding,  to- 
gether with  such  recommendations  as  he  may  think  proper. 

He  shall  also  at  any  time,  when  requested  in  writing  by  the 
President,  report  to  him  on  any  subject  within  the  scope  of  his 
authority. 

Section  2.  The  members  of  the  Cabinet  shall  be  responsible 
for  the  conduct  of  their  respective  Departments ;  and,  with  the 
approval  of  the  President,  shall  have  the  appointment  and  re- 
moval of  the  following  heads  of  Bureaus,  under  their  respective 
Departments,  viz : 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Works ;  the  Surveyor  General ; 
the  Registrar  of  Conveyances ;  the  Superintendent  of  the  Hono- 
lulu Water  Works ;  the  Marshal ;  the  Collector  General  of  Cus- 
toms ;  the  Tax  Assessors  in  Chief  and  the  Post  Master  General, 
and  also  the  heads  of  any  other  Bureaus  created  by  law. 

Section  3.  Each  head  of  a  Bureau  shall  be  responsible  for 
the  conduct  of  his  Bureau,  and  shall  have  the  appointment  and 
removal  of  the  officers  under  him,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  Minister  in  whose  Department  he  is  employed. 

Section  4.  The  financial  responsibility  of  anv  officer  of  the 
Government,  for  his  own  conduct,  or  that  of  his  subordinates, 
shall  be  determined  by  law. 

Article  36. — Acting  President  in  Case  of  Death, 
Disability  or  Absence  of  President. 

Section  1.  In  case  of  the  temporary  disability  or  absence 
from  the  Country  of  the  President,  the  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  while  such  disability  or  absence  continues,  shall  act  as 
President ;  or, 

In  case  of  the  disability  or  absence  from  the  country  of  such 
Minister,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  while  such  disability  or 
absence  of  the  President  continues,  shall  act  as  President ;  or 


200 

In  case  of  the  disability  or  absence  of  both  such  Ministers,  the 
Minister  of  Finance,  while  such  disability  or  absence  of  the 
President  continues,  shall  act  as  President ;  or. 

In  case  of  the  disability  or  absence  from  the  Country  of  the 
three  Ministers  aforesaid,  then  the  Attorney  General,  while  such 
disability  or  absence  of  the  President  continues,  shall  act  as 
President. 

Section  2.  In  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  removal  or  per- 
manent disability  of  the  President,  the  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs  shall  thereupon  act  as  President  until  a  successor  to  the 
President  is  elected  in  the  manner  herein  designated ;  or. 

In  case  of  the  disability  or  absence  from  the  Country  of  such 
Minister,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  shall  act  as  President  for 
the  time  aforesaid ;  or, 

In  case  of  the  disability  or  absence  from  the  Country  of  both 
such  Ministers,  the  Minister  of  Finance  shall  act  as  President 
for  the  time  aforesaid ;  or, 

In  case  of  the  disability  or  absence  from  the  Country  of  the 
three  Ministers  aforesaid,  the  Attorney  General  shall  act  as 
President  for  the  time  aforesaid. 

Section  3.  If  at  any  time  during  the  absence  of  the  President 
or  acting  President  from  the  seat  of  Government,  an  occasion 
shall  arise  requiring  a  declaration  of  martial  law,  or  suspension 
of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  the  powers  in  and  concerning  such 
matters  herein  granted  to  the  President,  may  be  exercised  by  one 
of  the  Cabinet  Ministers,  who  shall  act  in  order  of  priority  and 
in  the  manner  named  in  Section  2  of  this  Article. 

Section  4.  In  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  removal  or  per- 
manent disability  of  the  President,  before  six  months  prior  to 
the  expiration  of  his  term,  the  Minister  who  shall  thereupon  act 
as  President,  shall,  unless  the  Legislature  is  in  session,  imme- 
diately summon  a  special  session  of  the  Legislature  to  meet 
within  thirty  days,  to  elect  a  President  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  the  President  who  has  died,  resigned,  been  removed  or 
become  permanently  disabled. 

Section  5.  In  case  any  Minister  shall  act  as  President  as 
herein  provided,  he  shall,  while  so  acting,  have  all  the  rights 
and  powers  and  be  subject  to  all  the  duties  and  obligations  by 
this  Constitution  granted  to  or  prescribed  for  the  President. 

Article  37. — Ex-Officio  Members  of  the  Legislature. 

The  members  of  the  Cabinet  shall  be  ex-officio  members  of 
both  Houses  of  the  Legislature,  with  all  the  rights,  powers  and 
privileges  of  elected  members,  except  the  right  to  vote. 


201 
THE  LEGISLATIVE  POWER. 
Article  38. — The  Legislature. 

Section  1.  The  Legislative  Power  of  the  Republic  is  vested 
in  a  Legislature,  and,  subject  to  the  limitations  herein  provided, 
a  Council  of  State. 

The  Legislature  shall  consist  of  two  Houses,  styled  the  Senate 
and  the  House  of  Representatives,  which  shall  organize  and 
sit  separately,  except  as  otherwise  herein  provided. 

The  two  Houses  shall  be  styled  "The  Legislature  of  the  Re- 
public of  Hawaii." 

Section  2.  No  person  shall  sit  as  a  Senator  or  Representative 
in  the  Legislature,  unless  elected  under  and  in  conformity  with 
this  Constitution. 

Article  39. — General  Elections. 

Section  L  A  General  Election  shall  be  held  on  the  last 
Wednesday  of  September,  1897,  and  General  Elections  shall  be 
held  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  September  every  two  years  there- 
after. 

Section  2.  If  from  any  cause  a  general  election  shall  not  be 
held  at  the  appointed  time  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  shall 
without  unnecessary  delay,  appoint  another  time  for  the  holding 
of  such  election. 

And  the  election  so  held  upon  such  appointment  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  a  general  election. 

Article   40. — Supreme   Court   Judge  of   Qualifications   of 
Members. 

In  case  any  election  to  a  seat  in  either  House  is  disputed,  and 
legally  <-ontested,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  the  sole  judge  of 
whether  or  not  a  legal  election  for  such  seat  has  been  held ;  and, 
if  it  shall  find  that  a  legal  election  has  been  held,  it  shall  be  the 
sole  judge  of  who  has  been  elected. 

Article  41. — Burden  of  Proof  of  Eligibility. 

In  case  the  eligibility  of  any  person  to  be  a  Senator  or  Rep- 
resentative, or  an  elector  of  Senators  or  Representatives,  is  ques- 
tioned by  any  legal  voter,  before  any  court  or  tribunal  having 
authority  to  consider  such  matter,  the  burden  of  proof  shall  rest 
upon  the  person  whose  eligibility  is  so  questioned  to  establish 
his   eligibility. 

The  unsupported  statement  or  oath  of  the  person  whose  eli- 


202 

gibility  is  so  questioned  shall  not  be  deemed  sufficient  to  shift 
the  burden  of  proof ;  but  he  shall  show  by  other  evidence,  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Court  or  tribunal,  that  he  is  eligible. 

Article   42. — Disqualifications   of   Legislators. 

No  member  of  the  Legislature  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  is  elected,  be  appointed  or  elected  to  any  office  of  the 
Government  except  that  of  President,  Cabinet  Minister,  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  member  of  the  Council  of  State. 

Article    43. — Disqualifications    of    Government    Officers 
AND  Employees. 

Except  members  of  the  Council  of  State,  no  person  holding 
office  in,  or  under,  or  by  authority  of  the  Government,  including 
Notaries  Public  and  Agents  to  take  Acknowledgments,  nor  any 
employee  of  the  Government,  shall  be  eligible  to  election  to  the 
Legislature  or  to  hold  the  position  of  an  elected  member  of  the 


Article  44. — Disqualification  of  Certain  Classes. 

No  idiot  or  insane  person,  and  no  person  who  shall  be  expelled 
from  the  Legislature  for  giving  or  receiving  bribes,  or  being  ac- 
cessory thereto ;  and  no  person  who  in  due  course  of  law  shall 
have  been  convicted  of  larceny,  bribery,  gross  cheat,  or  of  any 
criminal  offense  punishable  by  imprisonment,  whether  with  or 
without  hard  labor,  for  a  term  exceeding  two  years,  whether 
with  or  without  fine,  shall  register  to  vote  or  shall  vote  or  hold 
any  office  in  or  under  or  by  authority  of  the  Government,  unless 
the  person  so  convicted  shall  have  been  pardoned  and  restored 
to  his  civil   rights. 

Article  45. — Oath  of  Office. 

Every  elective  member  of  the  Legislature  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation : 

I  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God, 
that  I  will  faithfully  support  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the 
Republic  of  Hawaii ;  and  conscientiously  and  impartially  dis- 
charge my  duties  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature. 

Article  46. — Officers  and  Rules. 

The  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  each 
choose  its  own  officers,  determine  the  rules  of  its  own  proceed- 
ings, not  inconsistent  with  this  Constitution,  and  keep  a  journal. 


203 

Article  47. — Ayes  and  Noes. 

The  ayes  and  noes  of  the  members  on  any  question  shall,  at 
the  desire  of  one-third  of  the  members  present,  be  entered  on  the 
journal. 

Article  48. — Quorum. 

Section  1.  A  majority  of  the  number  of  elective  members 
to  which  each  House  is  entitled,  shall  constitute  a  quorum  of 
such  House  for  the  conduct  of  ordinary  business,  of  which 
quorum  a  majority  vote  shall  suffice.  But  the  final  passage  of  a 
law  in  each  House  shall  require  the  vote  of  a  majority  of  all  the 
members  to  which  such  House  is  entitled. 

Section  2.  A  smaller  number  than  a  quorum  may  adjourn 
from  day  to  day,  and  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members 
in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  House  may 
provide. 

Section  3.  For  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  there  is 
a  quorum  present,  the  chairman  shall  count  the  number  of  mem- 
bers present. 

Article  49. — Punishment  of  Persons  not  Members. 

Each  House  may  punish  by  fine,  or  by  imprisonment  not  ex- 
ceeding thirty  days,  any  person  not  a  member  of  either  House, 
wdio  shall  be  guilty  of  disrespect  of  such  House  by  any  disor- 
derly or  contemptuous  behavior  in  its  presence ;  or. 

Who  shall  publish  any  false  report  of  its  proceedings ;  or. 

Who  shall,  on  account  of  the  exercise  of  any  legislative  func- 
tion, threaten  harm  to  the  body  or  estate  of  any  of  the  members 
of  such  House ;  or, 

Who  shall  assault,  arrest  or  detain  any  witness  or  other  per- 
son ordered  to  attend  such  House,  on  his  way  going  to  or  return^ 
ing  therefrom ;  or. 

Who  shall  rescue  any  person  arrested  by  order  of  such  House. 

But  the  person  charged  with  the  ofifense  shall  be  informed,  in 
writing,  of  the  charge  made  against  him,  and  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  present  evidence  and  be  heard  in  his  own  defense. 

Article  50. — Compensation  of  Members.  ^ 

The  Members  of  the  Legislature  shall  receive  for  their  ser- 
vices, in  addition  to  mileage  at  the  rate  of  ten  cents  a  mile  each 
way,  the  sum  of  Four  Hundrd  Dollars  for  each  regular  session 
of  the  Legislature,  payable  in  three  equal  installments  on  and 
after  the  first,  thirtieth  and  sixtieth  day  of  the  session ;  and  the 
sum  of  Two  Hundred  Dollars  for  each  extra  session  of  the  Leg- 


204 

islature,  except  a  session  for  the  sole  purpose  of  electing  a  Presi- 
dent, for  which  members  shall  receive  mileage  only. 

Article  51. — Punishment  of  Members. 

Each  House  may  punish  its  own  members  for  disorderly  be- 
havior or  neglect  of  duty,  by  censure,  suspension  or  expulsion. 

Article  52. — Exemption  from  Liability. 

No  member  of  the  Legislature  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  any 
words  uttered  in  the  exercise  of  his  legislative  functions  in  either 
House,  before  any  other  tribunal. 

Article  53. — Exemption  from  Arrest. 

The  members  of  the  Legislature  shall,  in  all  cases  except  trea- 
son, felony  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  dur- 
ing their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  the  respective  Houses ; 
and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same.  Provided  that 
such  privilege  as  to  going  and  returning  shall  not  cover  a  period 
of  over  ten  days  each  way. 


THE  SENATE. 

Article  54. — Number  of  Members. 

Section  L  The  Senate  shall  be  composed  of  fifteen  mem- 
bers. The  Senators  to  be  elected  at  the  first  election  held  under 
this  Constitution,  shall  hold  office  until  the  general  election  held 
in  the  year  1899. 

Elections. 

Section  2.  Senators  shall  be  elected  at  the  general  election 
to  be  held  on  the  last  Wednesday  of  September,  1899,  in  three 
classes  to  hold  office  for  two,  four  and  six  years  respectively,  and 
thereafter  in  terms  of  six  years.  The  details  of  such  election  and 
apportionment  of  terms  shall  be  provided  for  by  the  Legislature. 

Vacancies. 

Section  3.  Vacancies  caused  by  death,  resignation  or  other- 
wise, shall  be  filled  for  the  unexpired  term  at  special  elections. 


205 
Article  55. — Senatorial  Districts. 

Section  1.  For  the  purpose  of  representation  in  the  Senate, 
until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  Republic  is  divided  into  the 
following  Senatorial   Districts,  viz : 

First  District;  the  Island  of  Hawaii. 

Second  District;  the  Islands  of  Maui,  Molokai,  Lanai  and 
Kahoolawe. 

Third  District;  the  Island  of  Oahu. 

Fourth  District;  the  Islands  of  Kauai  and  Niihau. 

Section  2.  The  electors  in  the  said  districts  shall  be  entitled 
to  elect  Senators  as  follows : 

In  the  First  District,  four; 

In  the  Second  District,  three; 

In  the  Third  District,  six; 

In  the  Fourth  District,  two. 

Article  56. — Qualifications  of  Senators. 

In  order  to  be  eligible  to  election  as  a  Senator,  a  person  shall : 

Be  a  male  citizen  of  the  Republic; 

Have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years ; 

Be  able  understandingly  to  speak,  read  and  write  the  English 
or  the  Hawaiian  language ; 

Have  resided  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  not  less  than  three 
years ; 

Be  the  owner,  in  his  own  right,  of  property  in  the  Republic 
of  the  value  of  not  less  than  Three  Thousand  Dollars  over  and 
above  all  encumbrances ;  or  have  been  in  receipt  of  a  money 
income  of  not  less  than  Twelve  Hundred  Dollars  during  the 
year  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  the  election,  for  the  proof 
of  which  he  may  be  required  to  produce  original  accounts  of  the 
receipt  of  such  income. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Article  57. — Number  of  Representatives. 

Section  1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed 
of  fifteen  members,  elected,  except  as  herein  provided,  every 
second  year. 

Term  of  Office. 

Section  2.  The  term  of  office  of  the  Representatives  elected 
at  the  first  election  held  under  this  Constitution,  shall  extend  to 
the  last  Wednesday  in  September,  1897,  and  the  term  of  those 


206 

thereafter  elected  at  general  or  special  elections,  shall  be  until 
the  next  general  election  held  thereafter. 

Vacancies. 

Section  3.  Vacancies  caused  by  death,  resignation  or  other- 
wise, shall  be  filled  for  the  unexpired  term  at  special  elections. 

Representative  Districts. 

Section  4.  For  the  purpose  of  representation  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  Repub- 
lic is  divided  into  the  following  Representative  Districts,  viz : 

First  District ;  that  portion  of  the  Island  of  Hawaii  known 
as  Puna,  Hilo  and  Hamakua. 

Second  District;  that  portion  of  the  Island  of  Hawaii  known 
as  Kau,  Kona  and  Kohala. 

Third  District ;  the  Islands  of  Maui,  Molokai,  Lanai  and  Ka- 
hoolawe. 

Fourth  District;  that  portion  of  the  Island  of  Oahu  lying  east 
and  south  of  Nuuanu  street,  and  a  line  drawn  in  extension  thereof 
from  the  Nuuanu  Pali  to  Mokapu  point. 

Fifth  District ;  that  portion  of  the  Island  of  Oahu  lying  west 
and  north  of  the  Fourth  District. 

Sixth  District;  the  Islands  of  Kauai  and  Niihau. 

Apportionment. 

Section  5.     The  electors  in  the  said  districts  shall  be  entitled 
to  elect  Representatives  as  follows : 
In  the  First  District,  two ; 
In  the  Second  District,  two ; 
In  the  Third  District,  three; 
In  the  Fourth  District,  three; 
In  the  Fifth  District,  three; 
In  the  Sixth  District,  two. 

Article  58. — Qualifications  of  Representatives. 

In  order  to  be  eligible  to  be  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, a  person  shall,  at  the  time  of  election : 

Have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-five  years ; 

Be  a  male  citizen  of  the  Republic ; 

Be  able  understandingly  to  read,  write  and  speak  the  English 
or  Hawaiian  language ; 

Have  resided  in  this  country  not  less  than  three  years ; 

And  shall  either  own  property  in  the  Republic  worth  not  less 


207 

than  One  Thousand  Dollars  over  and  above  all  encumbrances, 
or  have  received  a  money  income  of  not  less  than  Six  Hundred 
Dollars  during  the  twelve  months  immediately  preceding  the 
date  of  election. 

LEGISLATION. 

Article  59. 

The  Legislature  has  the  power  to  enact  wholesome  laws  not 
inconsistent  with  this  Constitution. 

Article  60. — Sessions  of  the  Legislature. 

Secteon  1.  The  first  regular  session  of  the  Legislature  shall 
be  held  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  February,  1896,  and  bien- 
nially thereafter,  in  Honolulu. 

Section  2.  Neither  House  shall  adjourn,  during  any  session, 
for  more  than  three  days,  or  sine  die,  without  the  consent  of  the 
other. 

Section  3.  If  either  House  shall  so  adjourn  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  other,  the  other  House  may  proceed  to  legislate  as 
though  it  were  the  sole  legislative  body^  and  may  exercise  the 
full  powers  of  the  Legislature. 

Section  4.  Each  session  of  the  Legislature  shall  continue  not 
longer  than  ninety  days,  excluding  Sundays  and  holidays. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  President,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Cabinet,  may  extend  such  session  for  not  more  than  thirty 
days. 

Section  5.  Special  sessions  of  the  Legislature  shall  be  held 
at  such  times  as  may  be  indicated  by  the  President  in  manner 
herein  provided;  or  upon  the  call  of  the  Presiding  Officer  of  the 
Senate,  when  requested  in  writing  so  to  do  by  two-thirds  of  the 
members  of  the  Senate ;  or  at  such  other  times  as  are  herein 
specially  provided. 

Article  61. — Enacting  Clause. 

The  Enacting  Clause  of  all  Laws  shall  be,  "Be  it  enacted  by 
the  Legislature  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii." 

Article  62. — Introduction  of  Bills. 

No  bill  shall  be  introduced  into  either  House  by  any  member 
of  such  House,  unless  it  shall  have  first  received  thereon  the 
written  endorsement  of  three  members  of  such  House. 


208 
Article  63. — Title  of  Laws. 

Each  Law  shall  embrace  but  one  Subject,  which  shall  be  ex- 
pressed in  its  Title. 

The  Title  of  a  Law  amending  or  repealing  another  law  shall 
refer  to  the  section  or  chapter  of  the  law  amended  or  repealed, 
and  to  the  subject-matter  involved. 

Article  64. — Readings  of  Bills. 

A  Bill,  in  order  to  become  law,  shall,  except  as  herein  pro- 
vided, pass  three  readings  in  each-  House,  the  final  passage  of 
which  in  each  House,  shall  be  by  a  majority  vote  of  all  the 
elective  members  to  which  such  House  is  entitled,  taken  by  ayes 
and  noes  and  entered  upon  its  journal. 

Article  65. — Certification  of  Bills  from  One  House  to 
THE  Other. 

Every  Bill  when  passed  by  the  House  in  which  it  originated, 
or  in  which  amendments  thereto  shall  have  originated,  shall 
immediately  be  certified  by  the  Chairman  and  Clerk  and  sent 
to  the  other  House  for  consideration. 

Article  66. — Signing  Bills. 

Except  as  herein  provided,  all  Bills  passed  by  the  Legislature 
shall,  in  order  to  be  valid,  be  signed  by  the  President. 

Article  67. — Veto  of  President. 

Every  Bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  Legislature  shall  be 
certified  by  the  Chairman  and  Clerk  of  the  House  last  consider- 
ing it,  and  shall  thereupon  be  presented  to  the  President.  U  he 
approves  it,  he  shall  sign  it  and  it  shall  become  a  law.  H  the 
President  does  not  approve  such  bill,  he  may  return  it,  with  his 
objections,  to  the  Legislature. 

He  may  veto  any  specific  item  or  items  in  any  bill  which 
appropriates  money  for  specific  purposes;  but  shall  veto  other 
bills,  if  at  all,  only  as  a  whole. 

Article  68. — Procedure   upon   Receipt  of   Veto. 

Upon  the  receipt  of  a  veto  message  from  the  President,  each 
House  of  the  Legislature  shall  enter  the  same  at  large  upon  its 
journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  such  bill,  or  part  of  a  bill, 
and  again  vote  upon  it  by  ayes  and  noes,  which  shall  be  entered 
upon  its  journal. 


209 

If,  after  such  reconsideration,  such  bill,  or  part  of  a  bill,  shall 
be  approved  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  the  elective  members  to 
which  each  House  is  entitled,  it  shall  thereby  become  law. 
Article  69. — Failure  to  Sign  or  Veto. 

If  the  President  neither  signs  nor  vetoes  a  bill  within  ten  days 
after  it  is  delivered  to  him,  it  shall  become  law  without  his 
signature,  unless  the  Legislature  adjourns  sine  die  prior  to  the 
expiration  of  such  ten  days. 

In  computing  such  period  of  ten  days,  Sundays,  holidays  rec- 
ognized by  the  laws  of  the  Republic,  and  the  day  upon  which  the 
bill  is  delivered  to  the  President  shall  be  excluded. 

Article  70. — Appropriations. 

Section  1.  Appropriations,  except  as  otherwise  herein  pro- 
vided, shall  be  made  biennially  by  the  Legislature. 

Section  2.  The  Minister  of  Finance  shall  submit  to  the  Sen- 
ate, at  each  regular  session  of  the  Legislature,  Appropriation 
Bills  for  the  succeeding  biennial  period. 

Section  3.  No  Appropriation  Bill  or  bill  providing  for  a 
national  loan  shall  be  introduced  by  any  one  except  a  member 
of  the  Cabinet. 

Provided,  however,  that  any  member  may  introduce  a  bill 
amending  the  permanent  appropriation  bill  for  salaries  and  pay 
rolls  herein  provided  for. 

Section  4.  In  case  of  a  failure  of  the  Legislature  to  pass 
appropriation  bills  providing  for  payments  of  the  necessary  cur- 
rent expenses  of  carrying  on  the  Government,  and  meeting  its 
legal  obligations,  the  Minister  of  Finance  may,  with  the  advice 
of  the  Executive  Council,  make  such  payments  for  and  during 
the  new  biennial  period,  for  which  purpose  the  sums  appro- 
priated in  the  last  appropriation  bill  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
been  re-appropriated. 

Section  5.  The  appropriation  bill  for  salaries  and  pay  rolls 
shall  be  a  permanent  one,  and  the  items  and  amounts  therein 
enumerated,  and  such  salaries  and  pay  rolls  as  may  hereafter 
be  incorporated  therein,  shall  continue,  until  stricken  out  or 
amended,  to  be  the  basis  for  payment  in  future,  and  shall  not  be 
required  to  be  reappropriated  from  time  to  time. 

Section  6.  The  appropriation  bill  for  salaries  and  pay  rolls 
passed  on  the  26th  day  of  April,  1894.  shall  continue  in  force, 
and  be  the  permanent  appropriation  bill  for  the  purposes  therein 
set  forth,  subject  to  such  amendments  and  additions  thereto,  as 
may  from  time  to  time  be  made  by  the  Legislature. 

Article  71. — Retrospective  Laws. 

Except  as  herein  provided,  no  Retrospective  Law  shall  ever 
be  enacted. 

14 


210 

ELECTIONS. 

Article  72.— Exemption  of  Electors  on  Election  Day. 

Section  1.  Every  Elector  shall  be  privileged  from  arrest  on 
election  day,  during  his  attendance  at  election,  and  in  going  to 
and  returning  therefrom,  except  in  case  of  breach  of  the  peace 
then  committed,  or  in  case  of  treason  or  felony. 

Section  2.  No  elector  shall  be  so  obliged  to  perform  mili- 
tary duty  on  the  day  of  election,  as  to  prevent  his  voting,  except 
in  time  of  war  or  public  danger,  or  in  case  of  absence  from  his 
place  of  residence  in  actual  military  service,  in  which  case  pro- 
vision may  be  made  by  law  for  taking  his  vote. 

Article  72). — Method  of  Voting  for  Representatives. 

Each  voter  for  Representatives  may  cast  as  many  votes  as 
there  are  representatives  to  be  elected  from  the  Representative 
District  in  which  he  is  entitled  to  vote.  He  may  cast  them  all 
for  one  Representative,  or  may  apportion  them  among  the  sev- 
eral Representatives  in  such  manner  as  he  sees  fit ;  provided, 
however,  that  any  fractional  division  of  a  vote  other  than  one- 
half  shall  be  void. 

The  required  number  of  candidates  receiving  the  highest  num- 
ber of  votes  in  the  respective  Representative  Districts  shall  be 
the  Representatives  for  such  District. 

Article  74. — Qualifications  of  Voters  for  Represen- 
tatives. 

In  order  to  be  eligible  to  vote  for  Representatives,  a  person 
shall: 

1.  Be  a  male  citizen  of  the  Republic;  and  if  naturalized 
prior  to  January  17th,  1893,  be  a  native  of  a  country  having, 
or  having  had,  treaty  relations  with  Hawaii ;  or 

Have  received  special  letters  of  denization  entitling  him  to  all 
the  privileges  of  Hawaiian  citizenship ;  or, 

Have  received  from  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  the  Certifi- 
cate of  Service  herein  provided  for; 

2.  Have  resided  in  the  Representative  District  in  which  he 
offers  to  register,  not  less  than  one  month  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  time  at  which  he  offers  to  register; 

3.  Have  attained  the  age  of  twenty  years; 

4.  Have  taken  and  subscribed  the  oath  set  forth  in  Article 
101  of  this  Constitution ; 

5.  Prior  to  each  regular  election,  during  the  time  prescribed 
by  law  for  registration,  have  caused  his  name  to  be  entered  on 
the  Register  of  Voters  for  Representatives  for  his  district ; 


211 

6.  Prior  to  such  registration  have  paid,  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  January  next  preceding  the  date  of  registration,  all  taxes 
due  by  him  to  the  Government.  Provided,  however,  that  for 
the  registration  for  the  first  election  held  under  the  provisions 
herein,  taxes  may  be  paid  at  any  time  prior  to  the  application 
for  registration ; 

7.  Be  able  understandingly  to  speak,  read  and  write  the 
Enghsh  or  Hawaiian  language. 

In  order  to  comply  with  this  requirement,  he  shall  be  able  to 
read  and  write,  with  ordinary  fluency,  any  section  or  sections 
of  this  Constitution. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  requirement  that  he  shall  be  able 
understandingly  to  speak,  read  and  write  the  English  or  Ha- 
waiian language,  shall  not  apply  to  those  persons  who  shall  ob- 
tain the  certificate  of  service  as  provided  for  in  Article  17. 

Article  7^. — Method  of  Voting  for  Senators. 

Each  voter  for  Senators  may  cast  one  vote  only  for  each 
Senator  to  be  elected  from  the  Senatorial  District  in  which  he 
is  entitled  to  vote. 

The  required  number  of  candidates  receiving  the  highest  num- 
ber of  votes  in  the  respective  Senatorial  Districts  shall  be  the 
Senators  for  such  District. 

Article  76. — Qualifications  of  Voters  for  Senators. 

In  order  to  be  eligible  to  vote  for  Senators,  a  person  must 
possess  all  the  qualifications  and  be  subject  to  all  the  conditions 
required  by  this  Constitution  of  voters  for  Representatives,  and, 
in  addition  thereto,  he  shall  own  and  be  possessed  in  his  own 
right,  of  real  property  in  the  Republic  of  the  value  of  not  less 
than  Fifteen  Hundred  Dollars  over  and  above  all  encumbrances, 
and  upon  which  legal  taxes  shall  have  been  paid  on  that  valua- 
tion for  the  year  next  preceding  the  one  in  which  such  person 
ofifers  to  register ;  or  personal  property  of  the  value  of  not  less 
than  Three  Thousand  Dollars  over  and  above  all  encumbrances ; 
or  shall  have  actually  received  a  money  income  of  not  less  than 
Six  Hundred  Dollars  during  the  year  next  preceding  the  first 
day  of  April  next  preceding  the  date  of  each  registration ;  for 
the  proof  of  which  he  may  be  required  to  produce  original  ac- 
counts of  the  receipt  of  such  income. 


212 

REGISTRATION  OF  VOTERS. 

Article  77 . 

Section  1.  No  person  shall  vote  for  the  election  of  Repre- 
sentatives or  Senators  unless  he  is  qualified  as  herein  required, 
and  unless  his  name  is  entered  by  a  Board  of  Registration  upon 
the  Register  of  Voters  as  herein  provided. 

Registration  Boards. 

Section  2.  For  the  purpose  of  examining  applicants  for  reg- 
istration as  voters  and  determining  their  eligibility,  there  shall 
be  five  Boards  of  Registration,  one  for  that  portion  of  the  Island 
of  Hawaii  known  as  Puna,  Hilo  and  Hamakua;  one  for  that 
portion  of  the  Island  of  Hawaii  known  as  Kau,  Kona  and 
Kohala ;  one  for  the  Islands  of  Maui,  Molokai,  Lanai  and  Ka- 
hoolawe ;  one  for  the  Island  of  Oahu ;  and  one  for  the  Islands  of 
Kauai  and  Niihau.  Such  boards  shall  consist  of  three  members 
each,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Senate.  The  President,  subject  to  such  approval, 
may  fill  all  vacancies  in  any  of  such  Boards.  Provided,  however, 
that  for  the  first  election  held  under  this  Constitution,  the  Pres- 
ident, wdth  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet,  shall  have  the  power  to 
appoint  and  remove  the  members  of  such  Boards,  and  with  like 
approval  may  fill  any  vacancies  in  such  Boards  which  shall  occur 
before  the  first  meeting  of  the  Senate.  Appointments  made  by 
the  President  during  a  vacation  of  the  Senate  shall  be  valid 
until  the  succeeding  meeting  of  that  body. 

Members  of  any  such  Boards  may  be  removed  by  the  Presi- 
dent with  the  approval  of  the  Senate. 

Time  of  Meeting. 

Section  3.  The  Boards  of  Registration  shall  meet  within 
thirty  days  after  this  Constitution  takes  effect,  for  the  purpose 
of  registering  persons  entitled  to  be  registered  to  vote  for  Sen- 
ators and  Representatives,,  and  shall  continue  to  meet  at  such 
points  within  their  respective  districts,  for  such  time  as  will  give 
all  persons  entitled  to  register  a  reasonable  opportunity  so  to  do. 
Provided,  however,  that  the  final  sitting  of  such  Boards  shall 
not  be  less  than  twenty-one  days  prior  to  the  first  election  held 
under  the  provisions  herein. 

Section  4.  The  Boards  shall  meet  within  their  respective  dis- 
tricts at  such  times  between  the  first  day  of  April  and  the 
thirtieth  day  of  June  in  the  year  1897,  and  between  such  days 
in  each  second  year  thereafter,  as  many  times  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  enable  them  to  register  all  persons  entitled  to  register. 


213 

Register  at  Special  Elections. 

Section  5.  At  any  intermediate  special  election  the  Register 
of  Voters  used  at  the  last  preceding  general  election  shall  be 
used  without  change. 

Personal  Appearance  of  Applicant. 

Section  6.  No  name  shall  be  placed  upon  the  Register  of 
Voters  for  either  Senators  or  Representatives,  except  upon  the 
personal  appearance  of  the  applicant  before  the  Board  of  Reg- 
istration at  an  advertised  public  meeting  of  the  Board. 

Examination  of  Applicants. 

Section  7.  Each  applicant  to  be  placed  upon  the  Register 
of  Voters  for  either  Sentaors  or  Representatives  shall,  upon  each 
application  for  registration,  be  examined  under  oath  by  the 
Board  of  Registration  as  to  each  one  of  the  required  qualifica- 
tions. 

Provided,  however,  that  after  an  applicant  shall  once  have 
passed  an  examination  concerning  his  ability  understandingly  to 
speak,  read  and  write  the  English  or  Hawaiian  language,  it  shall 
be  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board  to  examine  him  further  or  not, 
concerning  such  qualification. 

The  examination  of  the  applicant,  and  of  all  witnesses  exam- 
ined before  any  Board  of  Registration,  shall  be  under  oath, 
administered  by  any  of  the  members  of  such  Board,  who  are 
hereby  authorized  to  administer  oaths  for  such  purpose. 

The  examination,  number  of  witnesses,  and  time  or  times  of 
examination,  shall  be  under  the  reasonable  control  and  discretion 
of  the  Board. 

Powers  of  Board. 

Section  8.  Each  Board  of  Registration  is  hereby  given  all 
of  the  powers  and  authority,  for  the  summoning  and  examina- 
tion of  witnesses  and  the  maintenance  of  order,  including  the 
power  to  punish  for  contempt,  given  by  law  to  Circuit  Courts. 

Perjury. 

Section  9.  Any  person  who  shall,  under  oath,  knowingly 
make  any  false  statement  before  any  such  Board,  or  who,  know- 
ing that  he  is  not  entitled  to  register  or  to  vote,  shall  so  register 
or  vote,  shall  be  guilty  of  the  offense  of  Perjury. 


214 

Summary  Committal  for  Perjury. 

Section  10.  The  several  Boards  are  hereby  given  power  to 
summarily  commit  any  person  for  trial  for  perjury  committed 
before  any  such  Board,  if,  in  their  opinion,  there  is  probable 
cause  to  believe  that,  upon  the  trial,  such  person  would  be  con- 
victed of  such  offense. 

Challenging. 

Section  11.  Any  lawful  voter  may  challenge  the  right  to 
register  of  any  person  claiming  to  be  eligible  to  register  as  a 
voter ;  cross-examine  the  applicant  and  any  witnesses  produced 
by  him,  and  produce  and  examine  witnesses  against  such  eligi- 
bility. 

Section  12.  No  Board  of  Registration  shall  enter  the  name 
of  any  person  upon  the  Register  of  Voters  until  satisfied  that 
such  person  possesses  the  rec|uisite  qualifications. 

Appeal  from  Board. 

Section  13.  If  any  Board  shall  refuse  to  register  the  name 
of  any  person  applying  to  be  registered,  the  person  refused,  and, 
in  case  any  name  has  been  registered,  any  legal  voter,  may,  at 
any  time  within  ten  days  after  the  decision  of  such  Board,  appeal 
to  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  manner  provided  by  law  for  civil 
appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court  from  the  Circuit  Court,  or  in 
such  manner  as  may  hereafter  be  provided  by  law. 

Section  14.  Upon  such  appeal  being  perfected,  the  Supreme 
Court  shall  proceed  to  hear  such  cause,  either  in  term  time  or  in 
vacation,  as  soon  thereafter  as  reasonably  may  be ;  and  the  deter- 
mination by  such  Court  of  such  question  shall  be  final. 

Notice  of  Decision  to  Board. 

Section  15.  Immediately  upon  rendering  a  decision  upon 
any  such  appeal,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  notify  the  Board  of 
Registration  from  which  such  appeal  was  taken;  and  if  such 
decision  shall  reverse  the  decision  of  hte  Board,  such  Board  shall 
immediately  cause  the  Register  to  be  corrected  to  conform  with 
such  decision. 

Status  of  Person  Registered  Pending  Appeal. 

Section  16.  In  case  of  an  appeal  from  a  decision  of  any 
Board  admitting  the  name  of  any  person  to  registration,  the 
name  of  such  person  shall  remain  upon  the  Register  pending  the 
decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  concerning  the  same. 


215 

If  the  person  so  registered  shall  vote  at  any  election  before  a 
decision  of  the  Court  shall  have  been  made  and  acted  upon,  such 
vote  shall  not  invalidate  such  election,  even  though  the  decision 
of  the  Court  shall  be  adverse  to  the  registration  of  such  name. 

Notice  of  Meetings. 

Section  17.  The  time  and  place  of  all  meetings  of  the  sev- 
eral Boards  shall  be  advertised  in  the  English  and  Hawaiian 
languages,  in  newspapers,  or  by  notices  posted  in  at  least  three 
frequented  places  in  the  locality  where  such  meetings  are  to  be 
held. 

This  section  shall  not  be  construed  to  prohibit  the  adjourn- 
ment of  any  such  advertised  meeting  from  day  to  day  to  a  time 
certain,  announced  at  the  time  of  adjournment. 

Time  of  Registering. 

Section  18.  No  name  shall  be  registered  or  stricken  from 
the  Register  except  in  an  open  meeting  of  the  Board  and  upon 
public  announcement,  except  for  the  following  causes,  viz : 

1.  In  case  the  Supreme  Court  shall  render  a  decision  upon 
appeal,  reversing  the  decision  of  the  Board. 

2.  In  case  the  Board  has  decided  that  a  person  is  entitled  to 
registration  and  his  name  has  been  accidentally  omitted  from 
the  Register,  mis-spelled,  or  he  has  therein  been  misnamed. 

Copies  of  Register  to  be  Sent  to  Inspectors  of  Election. 

Section  19.  The  respective  Boards  shall,  as  soon  as  reason- 
ably may  be  after  the  Register  of  Voters  for  any  voting  precinct 
is  completed,  prepare  four  copies  thereof  and  forward  them  to 
the  Chairman  of  Inspectors  of  Election  for  such  precinct ;  or,  in 
case  such  officer  shall  not  then  have  been  appointed,  to  the 
Deputy  Sheriff  of  the  District  in  which  such  precinct  is  located. 

The  officer  receiving  such  copies  shall  retain  one  for  use  at 
the  election,  and  immediately  post  the  other  copies  in  three  fre- 
quented places  within  the  precinct,  for  the  inspection  of  the 
public. 

Inspectors  Not  to  Change  Regi.sters. 

Section  20.  No  name  shall  be  added  to  or  stricken  from  the 
Register  of  Voters,  or  in  any  manner  changed  by  the  Inspectors 
of  Election,  except  upon  the  written  order  of  the  Board  of  Reg- 
istration for  such  District. 


216 
Correction  of  Register. 

Section  21.  If  it  shall  be  manifest  to  any  Board,  at  any 
time,  that  the  name  of  a  person  admitted  to  registration  has  been 
accidentally  omitted  from  the  Register  or  mis-spelled,  or  that  he 
has  been  misnamed  therein,  such  Board  shall  immediately  rem- 
edy such  omission  or  mistake ;  and,  if  a  copy  of  the  Register  has 
been  sent  to  the  election  precinct  in  which  such  person  is  entitled 
to  vote,  shall  immediately  in  writing,  order  the  Inspectors  of 
Election  for  such  precinct  to  correct  such  copy  of  the  Register. 

Such  order  shall  set  forth  the  reasons  for  the  action  directed 
to  be  taken,  and  shall  be  retained  and  filed  by  the  Inspectors  of 
Election  as  a  part  of  the  records  of  the  election. 

The  power  of  revision  and  correction  hereby  conferred,  shall 
not  be  construed  to  allow  the  reopening  of  the  question  of  the 
qualifications  of  any  person  registered  by  the  Board. 

Record  of  Proceedings. 

Section  22.  The  several  Boards  shall  each  keep  books  of 
record  in  which  minutes  shall  be  preserved  of  all  their  proceed- 
ings. 

Article  78. — Repeal  of  Election  Laws. 

All  election  laws  in  force  when  this  Constitution  is  promul- 
gated are  hereby  repealed. 

Article  79. — Rules  and  Regulations  for  Oaths  and 
Elections. 

Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  President,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Cabinet,  shall  have  power  to  make  rules  and  regu- 
lations not  inconsistent  herewith,  for  administering  oaths  and 
holding  elections  provided  for  by  this  Constitution. 

Article  80. — First  Election. 

The  first  election  of  the  Legislature  shall  be  held  at  such  time 
and  places,  within  four  months  after  the  promulgation  of  this 
Cons'titution,  as  shall  be  directed  by  the  President,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Cabinet. 


COUNCIL  OF  STATE. 

Article  81. — How  Constituted. 

Section  1.     There  shall  be  a  Council  of  State  of  fifteen  mem- 
bers, five  of  whom  shall  be  elected  by  the  Senate,  five  by  the 


217 

House  of  Representatives,  and  five  appointed  by  the  President 
with  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet.  The  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive Council  may  sit  and  take  part  in  the  meetings  of  the  Council 
of  State,  but  shall  not  vote. 

Section  2.  The  Council  of  State  shall  be  elected  and  ap- 
pointed during  the  first  session  of  the  Legislature;  and  at  each 
regular  session  held  thereafter. 

Term  of  Office. 

Section  3.  The  term  of  office  of  the  members  thereof  shall 
expire  at  the  end  of  each  regular  session  of  the  Legislature  held 
after  their  election. 

Vacancies. — How  Filled. 

Section  4.  Vacancies  among  the  elective  members  of  'the 
Council  occurring  between  sessions  of  the  Legislature  may  be 
filled  by  the  Council. 

Vacancies  among  the  appointed  members  of  the  Council  oc- 
curring at  any  time,  may  be  filled  by  the  President  with  the 
approval  of  the  Cabinet. 

Qualifications   of   Members. 

Section  5.  Persons  who  are  eligible  to  become  elective  mem- 
bers of  the  Legislature,  or  who  are  such  members,  and  no 
others,  shall  be  eligible  to  be  elected  or  appointed  as  members 
of  the  Council. 

Powers  of  Council  of  State. 

Section  6.  The  Council  of  State  may,  upon  the  request  of 
the  Executive  Council,  appropriate  public  moneys,  when,  during 
the  time  intervening  between  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature,  the 
emergencies  of  war,  invasion,  rebellion,  pestilence  or  other  great 
public  necessity  shall  arise. 

In  case  of  such  appropriation,  the  Minister  of  Finance  shall 
render  a  detailed  account  of  the  expenditures  made  under  such 
authority  to  the  next  regular  session  of  the  Legislature. 

Pardons. 

Section  7.  The  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the 
Cabinet  and  the  Council  of  State,  shall  have  the  power  to  grant 
reprieves  and  pardons  and  to  commute  sentences,  after  convic- 
tion, for  all  offenses  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 


218 

Advisory  Powers. 

Section  8.  The  Council  of  State  shall  also,  when  called  upon 
by  the  President,  advise  him  in  all  matters  for  the  good  of  the 
State,  wherein  he  shall  recjuire  its  advice. 

Meetings. 

Section  9.  The  Council  of  State  may  be  convened  at  any 
time  by  the  President.     Its  members  shall  serve  without  pay. 


THE  JUDICIAL  POWER. 

Article  82. 

The  Judicial  Power  of  the  Republic  shall  be  vested  in  one 
Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  Inferior  Courts  as  the  Legislature 
may,  from  time  to  time,  establish. 

Article  83. — Supreme  Court — Impeachment — Removal. 

Section  1.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  of  a  Chief  Jus- 
tice and  not  less  than  two  xA-ssociate  Justices.  Provided,  how- 
ever, that  in  case  of  the  disqualification  or  absence  of  any  Justice 
thereof,  in  any  cause  pending  before  the  Court,  his  place  for  the 
trial  and  determination  of  said  cause  shall  be  filled  as  provided 
by  law. 

Section  2.  The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  hold 
their  offices  during  good  behavior,  subject  to  removal  upon  im- 
peachment, and  shall  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation 
which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 
Provided,  however,  that  any  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  a 
Judge  of  any  other  Court  of  Record,  upon  recommendation  of 
the  Executive  Council,  may  be  removed  from  said  office,  on  a 
resolution  passed  by  two-thirds  of  all  the  elective  members  of 
the  Legislature  sitting  together. 

Section  3.  The  Justice  or  Judge  against  whom  the  Legisla- 
ture may  be  about  to  proceed,  shall  have  notice  thereof,  accom- 
panied by  a  copy  of  the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal,  at  least 
ten  days  before  the  day  on  which  the  Legislature  shall  act  there- 
on.    He  shall  be  heard  before  the  Legislature. 

Article  84.- — Supreme  and  Inferior  Courts. 

The  Judicial  Power  shall  be  divided  among  the  Supreme 
Court,  the  lustices  thereof,  and  the  several  Inferior  Courts  of 


219 

the  Republic  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may,  from  time 
to  time,  prescribe;  and  the  tenure  of  office  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Inferior  Courts  shall  be  such  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  law  creating 
them. 

Article  85. — Jurisdiction. 

The  Judicial  Power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law  and  equity, 
arising  under  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  Republic,  and 
Treaties ;  to  all  cases  affecting  Public  Ministers  and  Consuls,  and 
to  all  cases  of  Admiralty  and  Maritime  Jurisdiction. 

Article  86. — Decisions. 

The  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  final  and  conclu- 
sive upon  all  parties,  when  made  by  a  majority  of  the  Justices 
thereof  or  by  a  majority  of  those  who  constitute  the  Court  as 
provided  by  law  in  case  a  Justice  thereof  is  disqualified  or 
absent. 

Article  87. — Opinions  to  the  Executive. 

The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  when  requested  by  the 
President  or  the  Cabinet,  shall  render  opinions  upon  questions 
of  law  upon  solemn  occasions. 

Article  88. — Disqltalification  by  Previous  Judgment. 

No  Judge  or  Magistrate  shall  sit  on  an  appeal  or  new  trial, 
in  any  case  in  which  he  may  have  given  a  previous  judgment. 

Article  89. — Disqualification  by  Relationship  or 
Pecuniary  Interest. 

No  person  shall  sit  as  a  judge  or  juror  in  any  case  in  which 
his  relative  by  affinity,  or  by  consanguinity  within  the  third 
degree,  is  interested,  either  as  plaintiff  or  defendant,  or  in  the 
issue  of  which  the  said  judge  or  juror  may  have,  either  directly 
or  through  such  relative,  any  pecuniary  interest. 

Article  90. — Impeachment. 

Section  L  The  President  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  Re- 
public shall  be  liable  to  removal  from  office  on  impeachment 
by  the  House  of  Representatives  upon  any  of  the  following 
grounds,  namely: 

Any  act  or  negligence  involving  moral   turpitude  punishable 


220 

by  law  as  an  offense  and  committed  while  in  office,  incapacity 
for  the  due  performance  of  official  duty,  maladministration  in 
office,  and  assessment  of  office-holders  for  partisan  or  political 
expenses. 

Section  2.  The  Senate  shall  be  a  Court,  with  full  and  sole 
authority  to  hear  and  determine  all  impeachments  made  by  the 
House  of  Representatives. 

Section  3.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
be  ex-officio  President  of  the  Senate  in  all  cases  of  impeachment, 
unless  when  impeached  himself.  Should  the  Chief  Justice  be 
impeached,  some  person  specially  commissioned  by  the  Presi- 
dent shall  preside  over  the  Senate  during  such  trial. 

Section  4.  Previous  to  the  trial  of  any  impeachment  the 
Senators  shall  respectively  be  sworn  truly  and  impartially  to  try 
and  determine  the  charge  in  question  according  to  law  and  the 
evidence. 

_  Section  5.  The  judgment  of  the  Senate,  in  case  of  the  con- 
viction of  the  person  impeached,  shall  not  extend  further  than 
to  removal  from  office  and  disqualification  to  hold  any  place  of 
honor,  trust  or  profit  under  the  Republic ;  but  the  person  so  con- 
victed shall  be,  nevertheless,  liable  to  indictment,  trial,  judg- 
ment, and  punishment  according  to  law. 


MISCELLANEOUS  PROVISIONS. 

Article  91. — Constitution  Supreme  Law. 

This  Constitution  when  promulgated,  shall  thereupon  become 
the  Supreme  Law  of  the  Republic,  and  the  Constitution  pro- 
mulgated on  the  7th  day  of  July,  1887,  and  all  other  Constitu- 
tions at  any  time  the  Supreme  Law  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and 
also  all  Laws  and  parts  of  laws  inconsistent  herewith,  are  hereby 
expressly  abrogated  and  are  declared  to  be  null  and  void. 

Article  92. — Existing  Statutes  and  Offenses. 

Section  1.  All  statutes  and  enactments  in  force  in  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands  at  the  time  this  Constitution  takes  effect,  not 
inconsistent  therewith,  and  all  rights,  actions,  prosecutions^  judg- 
ments and  contracts  then  existing  and  valid,  shall  continue  as  if 
this  Constitution  had  not  been  adopted,  unless  the  same  are 
inconsistent  with  this  Constitution,  or  are  herein  specifically 
abrogated,  or  are  otherwise  herein  provided  for. 

Section  2.  Statutes  heretofore  enacted,  which  are  not  incon- 
sistent herewith,  which  refer  to  the  King,  or  the  Government, 


221 

or  the  Kingdom,  or  to  the  Provisional  Government,  shall  be 
construed  to  refer  to  the  President,  or  to  the  Republic  or  Gov- 
ernment of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  as  the  case  may  be. 

All  acts  which,  by  statute  in  force  at  the  time  when  this  Con- 
stitution takes  effect,  have  heretofore  been  defined  to  be  offenses 
against  the  King,  or  the  Provisional  Government,  or  otherwise, 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  offenses  against  the  Republic  or  Govern- 
ment of  Hawaii,  unless  such  statute  shall  be  inconsistent  here- 
with, or  shall  be  repealed  or  changed  by  law. 

Acts  heretofore  committed,  which  were  prohibited  by  statutes 
existing  at  the  time  such  acts  were  committed,  shall  be  punish- 
able under  said  statutes,  the  same  being  construed  as  above  pro- 
vided. 

Section  3.  All  criminal  and  penal  proceedings  arising  or 
now  depending  within  the  limits  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  shall 
be  prosecuted  to  final  judgment  and  execution  in  the  name  of 
the  Republic  of  Hawaii ;  and  all  causes  of  action  arising  to  indi- 
viduals or  corporations,  and  all  actions  at  law  and  suits  in  equity 
now  depending  in  the  several  courts  within  the  limits  of  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands,  not  already  barred  by  law,  may  be  commenced 
or  carried  on  to  final  judgment  and  execution  in  the  correspond- 
ing courts  of  the  Republic. 

The  style  of  all  processes  shall  be  "The  Republic  of  Hawaii," 
and  all  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  name  and  by  the 
authority  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii. 

Nothing  in  this  Constitution  contained  shall  be  the  basis  or 
ground  for  a  writ  of  error  or  habeas  corpus  or  certiorari  or  pro- 
hibition or  quo  warranto,  nor  for  an  appeal  in  any  pending 
judicial  proceeding,  and  all  process  heretofore  issued,  or  which 
may  be  issued  prior  to  the  day  when  this  Constitution  shall  go 
into  effect,  shall  be  as  valid  as  if  issued  in  the  name  of  the  Re- 
public of  Hawaii ;  but  such  writs  or  appeals  shall  lie  in  respect 
of  all  judgments,  decrees,  orders  or  other  proceedings  heretofore 
made  or  had  or  pending  in  the  several  courts  of  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  in  conformity  with  the  laws  in  force  when  such  writs, 
decrees,  orders  or  other  proceedings  were  made  or  were  pending. 

Article  93.— Office  Holders. 

Section  1.  All  persons  holding  office  under  the  Provisional 
Government  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  at  the  date  of  the  promul- 
gation of  this  Constitution,  shall  continue  to  hold  and  exercise 
all  the  power  to  them  granted  until  their  respective  offices  shall 
become  vacant. 

Section  2.  All  commissions  issued  by  or  under  authority  of 
the  late  Monarchy,  or  of  the  Provisional  Government  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  vacated,  null  and 


222 

void,  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  September,   1894,  unless 
cancelled  prior  to  that  date. 

Article  94. — Treaties,  Bonds,  Etc.,  Confirmed. 

All  existing  treaties  and  all  bonds  and  notes  heretofore  made 
or  authorized  under  the  authority  of  the  late  Monarchy,  or  of 
the  Provisional  Government  of  Hawaii,  and  all  obligations  of 
the  Postal  Savings  Bank  are  hereby  recognized,  ratified  and  con- 
firmed. 

Article  95. — Crown  Land. 

That  portion  of  the  public  domain  heretofore  known  as  Crown 
Land  is  hereby  declared  to  have  been  heretofore,  and  now  to  be, 
the  property  of  the  Hawaiian  Government,  and  to  be  now  free 
and  clear  from  any  trust  of  or  concerning  the  same,  and  from 
all  claim  of  any  nature  whatsoever,  upon  the  rents,  issues  and 
profits  thereof.  It  shall  be  subject  to  alienation  and  other  uses 
as  may  be  provided  by  law.  All  valid  leases  thereof  now  in 
existence  are  hereby  confirmed. 

Article  96. — Majority  Rule. 

The  approval,  concurrence,  consent,  advice,  agreement  or 
action  of  the  Legislature,  or  either  House  thereof,  or  of  the 
Executive  Council  or  of  the  Council  of  State,  or  of  any  Board 
of  Registration  or  other  public  Board,  shall  not  for  its  validity 
require  the  assent  of  more  than  a  majority,  unless  otherwise 
herein  required ;  but  in  respect  of  the  Executive  Counsil  such 
majority  shall  be  required  to  include  the  President. 

Article  97. — No  Public  Aid  to  Sectarian  or  Private 
Schools. 

From  and  after  December  thirty-first,  1895,  no  public  money 
shall  be  appropriated  nor  public  land  conveyed  to  or  for  the  sup- 
port or  benefit  of  any  sectarian,  denominational  or  private  school, 
or  any  school  not  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  Govern- 
ment. 

Article  98. — Lotteries. 

No  lottery  shall  be  authorized  in  this  Republic,  nor  shall  the 
sale  of  lottery  tickets  be  allowed. 


223 

Article  99. — Government  Officers   Not  to  Take  Foreign 
Employment. 

No  officer  of  the  Republic  nor  member  of  the  Legislature 
shall  hold  any  office  or  receive  any  pay  from  any  other  Govern- 
ment or  Power  whatever. 

Article   100. — Advisory   Council. 

Until  the  convening  of  the  first  Legislature,  in  either  special 
or  regular  session,  the  members  of  the  Advisory  Council  of  the 
Provisional  Government  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  shall  constitute 
a  council  to  be  styled  the  "Advisory  Council  of  the  Republic  of 
Hawaii." 

The  Advisory  Council  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  and  the 
Executive  Council,  sitting  together,  shall  be  vested  with  all  the 
powers  and  authority  heretofore  vested  in  the  Executive  and 
Advisory  Councils  of  the  said  Provisional  Government,  and  also 
all  the  powers  and  authority  by  this  Constitution  granted  to  the 
Senate  or  to  the  Legislature. 

Such  convening  of  the  Legislature  shall  thereby  terminate 
the  existence,  power  and  authority  of  the  Advisory  Council. 

Article  lOL — O.vth  of  Officers,  Electors,  Legislators  and 
Jurors. 

No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  be  an  Officer,  Senator  or  Rep- 
resentative under  the  Republic,  or  an  Elector  of  Senators  or 
Representatives,  or  a  Juror,  until  he  shall  have  taken  and  sub- 
scribed the  following  oath  or  affirmation,  viz :  I  do  solemnly 
swear  (or  affirm),  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God,  that  I  will 
support  the  Constitution,  Laws  and  Government  of  the  Repub- 
lic of  Hawaii ;  and  will  not,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  encour- 
age or  assist  in  the  restoration  or  establishment  of  a  Monarchical 
form  of  Government  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Article    102.-^Interpretation. 

Wherever  the  word  "herein"  is  used  in  this  Constitution,  it 
shall  be  deemed  to  mean  and  include  anything  contained  in  this 
Constitution  or  any  article  or  clause  thereof,  unless  the  context 
indicates  another  construction  thereof. 

The  Titles  to  Articles  and  Sections  of  this  Constitution  shall 
not  be  construed  to  be  a  part  thereof. 


224 


AMENDMENT  OR  REVISION  OF  THE  CONSTI- 
TUTION. 


Article  103. 

Section  1.  This  Constitution  may  be  amended  or  revised  in 
the  following  manner,  and  no  other : 

Section  2.  Amendments  to  this  Constitution  or  a  revision 
thereof,  may  be  proposed  by  not  less  than  five  members  of  either 
House  at  any  regular  session  of  the  Legislature. 

Section  3.  In  order  to  pass  any  amendment  or  revision  it 
shall  receive  three  readings  in  each  House,  at  each  of  which 
readings  it  shall  receive  an  affirmative  vote  in  each  House  of  not 
less  than  a  majority  of  the  elective  members  to  which  such 
House  is  entitled. 

The  vote  shall  be  taken  by  a  call  of  the  ayes  and  noes,  which, 
with  the  proposed  amendment  or  revision,  shall  be  entered  on 
the  journal. 

Section  4.  Upon  the  passage  by  the  Legislature  of  any 
amendment  or  revision  of  the  Constitution  as  aforesaid,  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  to  publish  such 
amendment  or  revision  weekly,  for  the  twelve  weeks  next  pre- 
ceding the  succeeding  general  election  to  the  Legislature,  in  not 
less  than  two  newspapers  published  in  Honolulu  in  the  English 
and  Hawaiian  languages  respectively. 

Section  5.  Such  amendment  or  revision  shall  be  considered 
by  the  Legislature  at  its  first  regular  session  following  the  suc- 
ceeding general  election ;  and,  in  order  to  be  finally  adopted, 
shall  receive  three  readings,  on  different  days,  in  each  House, 
at  the  first  and  second  of  which  readings  it  shall  receive  an 
affirmative  vote  in  each  House  of  a  majority  of  the  elective  mem- 
bers to  which  such  House  is  entitled;  and  at  the  last  of  which 
readings  it  shall  receive  an  affirmative  vote  in  each  House  of  not 
less  than  two-thirds  of  the  elective  members  to  which  such  House 
is  entitled. 

The  voting  shall  be  taken  by  a  call  of  the  ayes  and  noes, 
which,  together  with  the  proposed  amendment  or  revision,  shall 
be  entered  in  the  journal. 

Section  6.  Each  amendment  shall  be  considered  and  voted 
upon  separately,  in  each  session  of  the  Legislature  in  which  it 
shall  come  up  for  consideration,  as  herein  provided. 

Section  7.  In  case  of  a  proposed  revision  of  the  Constitution, 
each  component  part  of  such  revision  forming  a  separate  propo- 
sition shall,  in  like  manner,  be  considered  and  voted  on  sepa- 
rately, except  upon  the  final  reading  at  the  second  session  of 


225 

the  Legislature  at  which  such  revision  shall  be  considered,  when 
it  shall  be  voted  on  as  a  whole. 

Section  8.  Any  amendment  or  revision  which  shall  have 
been  adopted  in  manner  aforesaid  by  two  successive  Legisla- 
tures, shall  thereupon  and  without  further  act,  become  a  part 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic. 

The  Constitutional  Convention,  convened  in  Honolulu,  Island 
of  Oahu,  Hawaiian  Islands,  on  the  30th  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1894, 
pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  Act  69  of  the  Acts  of  the  Provi- 
sional Government  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  entitled  "An  Act 
to  Provide  for  a  Constitutional  Convention,"  approved  the  15tli 
day  of  March,  A.  D.  1894,  and  pursuant  to  the  Proclamation  of 
the  President  summoning  said  Convention  to  assemble,  having 
framed  and  adopted  the  Constitution  hereinbefore  set  forth; 
now  it  is  hereby  declared,  enacted  and  proclaimed  by  the  Execu- 
tive and  Advisory  Councils  of  the  Provisional  Government  and 
by  the  elected  Delegates,  constituting  said  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, that  on  and  after  the  Fourth  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1894,  the 
said  Constitution  shall  be  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic  of 
Hawaii  and  the  Supreme  Law  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Done  in  Convention  by  unanimous  consent  this  third  day  of 
July,  A.  D.  One  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-four,  in 
witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

SANFORD  B.  DOLE, 

President  of  the  Provisional  Government; 
W  ILLIAM  CHAUNCEY  WILDER, 

Vice-President; 
FRANCIS  MARCH  HATCH, 

Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs; 
JAMES  ANDERSON  KING, 

Minister  of  the  Interior; 
WILLIAM   OWEN   SMITH, 

Attorney  General; 
WILLIAM  FESSENDEN  ALLEN, 
CRISTAL  BOLTE. 
CECIL  BROWN, 
JOHN  EMMELUTH, 
JOHN  ENA, 

JOHN  A.  McCANDLESS, 
JOSEPH  P.  MENDONCA, 
TAMES  FRANCIS  MORGAN, 
JOHN  NOTT. 
DAVID  BOWERS  SMITH, 
EDWARD  DAVIES  TENNEY, 
HENRY  WATERHOUSE, 
ALEXANDER  YOUNG, 

15 


226 

LEMUEL  CLARK  ABLES, 
HENRY  PERRIM  BALDWIN, 
CHARLES  LUNT  CARTER, 
ANTONIO  FERNANDES, 
WILLIAM  HORNER, 
JOSE  KEKAHUNA  lOSEPA, 
DAVID  HAILI  KAHAULELIO, 
JOHN  WILLIAM  KALUA, 
JOHN  KAUHANE. 

ALBERT  KUKAILIMOKU  KUNUIAKEA, 
FREDERICK  S.  LYMAN, 
WILLIAM  FAWCETT   POGUE, 
WILLIAM  HYDE  RICE, 

ALEXANDER  GEORGE  MORISON  ROBERTSON, 
JOHN  MARK  VIVAS, 
ALBERT  SPENCER  WILCOX, 
GEORGE  NORTON  WILCOX. 
Attest : 

CHARLES  T.  RODGERS, 

Secretary  of  Convention. 


227 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  AT  THE  OPENING  OF 
THE  LEGISLATURE,  SPECIAL  SESSION  OF  1895. 


It  has  been  advisable  to  convene  the  Legislature  in  Special 
Session  at  this  time  in  order  that  the  regular  legislative  function 
of  the  Government  should  be  established  at  an  early  date  and  the 
temporary  legislative  authority  of  the  Executive  and  Advisory 
Councils  be  thereby  terminated ;  and  also  for  the  enactment  of 
important  legislation  relating  to  public  lands,  and  submarine 
cable  communication  between  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  North 
America. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  heads  of  the  several  executive  de- 
partments required  by  law  to  be  submitted  to  me,  which  are 
herewith  transmitted,  furnish  a  comprehensive  view  of  the  ad- 
ministrtaive  work  covering  the  last  three  months  of  the  existence 
of  the  Provisional  Government  and  the  first  three  months  of  the 
Republic. 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  on  the  4th 
day  of  July,  1894,  the  following  powers  have  recognized  the 
new  Government  in  the  order  named : 

The  United  States  of  America.  France,  Switzerland,  Mexico. 
Russia,  Italy,  Belgium,  Guatemala,  England,  Germany,  Japan, 
The  Netherlands,  Chile,  Peru,  Brazil,  China,  Sweden  and  Nor- 
way, Austria,  Spain,  Portugal  and  Denmark. 

Our  relations  with  these  governments  are  of  the  most  friendly 
character. 

The  internal  affairs  of  the  country  have,  with  the  exception 
of  the  insurrection  of  January  last,  been  in  orderly  and  prosper- 
ous condition.  The  insurrection  was  suppressed  without  serious 
difficulty,  the  outlay  incident  thereto,  with  the  expenses  of  the 
military  court  following  the  outbreak,  amounting  in  the  aggre- 
gate to  something  over  $90,000,  being  paid  out  of  current  funds. 

The  state  of  the  public  health  has  been  normal. 

While  the  annexation  of  this  country  to  the  United  States  ol 
America  has  not  yet  been  accomplished,  it  still  remains  the  policy 
of  the  Government.  Its  consummation  will  be  earnestly  sought 
with  an  abiding  faith  that  such  a  result  will  be  full  of  great  and 
lasting  benefits  to  our  people. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  a  large  part  of  our  permanent  popu- 
lation is  in  a  measure  prejudiced,  both  in  its  chances  of  enjoying 
the  comforts  and  beneficial  influences  of  domestic  life  for  want 
of  homes,  and  lands  for  cultivation  under  secure  title;  and  also 
in  view  of  the  evident  need  of  the  country  for  a  class  of  small 
land-holders,  owning  and  cultivating  their  respective  holdings,  as 
a  basis  of  national  prosperity  and  a  desirable  factor  in  our  polit- 
ical growth,  I  commend  to  your  consideration  a  liberal  policy  in 
the  administration  of  public  lands,  whereby  industrious  persons 


228 

with  small  means  may  have  special  opportunities  of  acquiring 
permanent  holdings,  and  the  disposition  of  large  tracts  of  land 
for  sale  or  for  lease  on  long  terms,  shall  be  discouraged. 

The  Crown  Lands,  being  now  at  the  disposal  of  the  Govern- 
ment, it  is  the  part  of  wisdom  as  well  as  of  patriotism  to  make 
provision  in  the  legislation  necessary  to  their  proper  manage- 
ment, for  convenient  facilities  for  the  settlement  thereon,  as 
well  as  on  the  original  Government  lands,  of  industrious  persons. 

Such  legislation  may  well  fix  residence  on  or  improvement  of 
lands,  or  both,  as  a  condition  of  title.  And  inasmuch  as  many  of 
our  population  are  not  skilled  in  the  accumulation  and  retention 
of  property,  a  provision  where  those  desiring  to  do  so  should 
have  an  opportunity  of  acquiring  inalienable  homesteads  would 
be  of  great  value  to  them  as  well  as  to  the  state. 

For  want  of  a  land  policy  heretofore,  carried  out  in  legisla- 
tion favoring  such  a  settlement  of  public  domain,  the  difficulties 
of  acquiring  small  holdings  have  been  almost  prohibitive  to  per- 
sons of  small  means.  The  Homestead  law  of  1884  made  a  begin- 
ning and  has  furnished  valuable  experience,  but  it  is  inadequate 
to  the  work  which  is  now  demanded  from  social,  material  and 
political  standpoints.  The  following  figures  are  expressive  of  the 
state  of  land  matters  in  the  past,  and  are  significant  rather  of 
the  want  of  facilities  in  obtaining  Government  land  especially 
out  of  Honolulu,  than  of  want  of  a  demand  therefor. 

During  the  year  ending  July  4th,  1894,  there  were  thirty- 
eight  Government  land  sales,  aggregating  $20,590.15,  of  which 
thirty  were  lands  in  Honolulu  and  vicinity,  aggregating  $18,061, 
and  only  eight  were  of  land  in  all  the  rest  of  the  islands  outside 
of  Honolulu,  and  aggregating  $2,529.15.  During  the  past  year, 
from  July  4th,  1894,  to  the  present  time,  there  have  been  twenty- 
one  Government  land  sales,  aggregating  $14,260.95,  of  whom 
fifteen  were  sales  of  lands  in  Honolulu  and  vicinity,  aggregating 
$11,958,  and  only  six  of  lands  in  other  parts  of  the  islands,  aggre- 
gating $2,302.95 ;  of  the  fourteen  lands  out  of  Honolulu  sold  by 
the  Government  during  the  last  two  years,  eight  were  under  one 
hundred  acres  each. 

A  bill  elaborating  such  a  land  policy  as  outlined  above  will  be 
submitted  to  you  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

The  foregoing  recommendation  in  regard  to  the  public  lands 
is  suggested,  not  only  in  relation  to  residents,  but  also  as  an  in- 
ducement to  the  immigration  of  a  desirable  class  of  settlers  from 
America  and  other  countries,  the  importance  of  which  is  fully 
treated  in  the  report  of  the  Labor  Commission  on  the  Cofifee  in- 
dustry to  the  Executive  and  Advisory  Councils. 

The  subject  of  immigration  has  had  the  earnest  and  continuous 
consideration  of  the  Government. 

Asiatic  immigration  to  Hawaii  is  mainly  of  a  transitory  char- 


229 

acter,  experience  showing  that  it  cannot  be  relied  on  for  perma- 
nent population.  It  must,  therefore,  be  looked  upon  as  largely 
in  the  nature  of  a  temporary  supply  of  the  demand  for  agricul- 
tural labor. 

It  is  greatly  to  be  desired  that,  while  the  current  and  necessary 
demand  should  be  met,  the  securing  of  a  permanent  addition  to 
the  population,  which  will  in  time  obviate  the  necessity  of  con- 
stantly importing  new  laborers,  should  also  be  kept  in  view. 

With  this  object  a  renewal  of  Portuguese  immigration  has  been 
inaugurated  by  the  Government,  and  one  shipment  of  730  persons 
has  arrived. 

The  Government  will  be  unremitting  in  its  endeavors  to  fur- 
ther promote  the  immigration  of  permanent  settlers  of  a  charac- 
ter suitable  for  the  building  up  of  our  population. 

One  of  the  matters  to  which  I  would  especially  direct  your 
attention  is  cable  communication  with  the  outer  world.  Until 
such  communication  is  secured,  Hawaii  must  remain  isolated. 
To  do  everything  within  our  power  to  establish  such  communi- 
cation is  and  must  continue  to  be  one  of  the  chief  items  of  Ha- 
waiian policy  until  it  is  accomplished.  This  has  been  the  policy 
of  the  Government  of  Hawaii  in  the  past,  but  in  a  passive  form. 
We  have  been  content  to  grant  franchises  and  privileges  and  to 
promise  subsidies  to  various  private  citizens,  trusting  to  their 
energy  and  enterprise  to  meet  the  expenses  and  do  the  necessary 
preliminary  work. 

Much  time  and  money  has  been  spent  in  this  way,  but  so  far 
without  tangible  result. 

The  day  has  gone  by  when  we  should  await  the  initiative  to 
private  capital  in  a  matter  so  vital  to  the  political  and  commer- 
cial interests  of  this  country.  The  initiative  in  such  an  enter- 
prise should  be  assumed  by  this  Government  and  the  work  per- 
sistently pressed  until  success  is  achieved. 

The  Government  has  kept  itself  informed  of  the  various  sug- 
gestions and  plans  for  establishing  cable  communication  across 
the  Pacific  during  the  past  year,  and  should  stand  ready  to  assist 
to  the  full  extent  of  its  powers  any  enterprise  having  that  end  in 
view. 

From  the  information  in  the  possession  of  this  Government, 
however,  while  there  is  much  evidence  of  awakened  interest  in 
the  subject,  on  the  part  of  all  the  countries  bordering  on  the 
Pacific,  there  has  not  yet  been  proposed  any  plan  which  seems 
certain  of  early  execution  unless  some  new  force  comes  into  the 
field  of  action. 

One  of  the  main  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  initiation  of  such 
an  enterprise  is  lack  of  definite  knowledge  of  the  character  of 
cable  needed,  its  cost,  the  running  expenses  and  the  probable 
revenue.     All  of  this  information  can  be  more  or  less  definitely 


230 

obtained  at  comparatively  small  cost.  The  Government  should 
be  empowered  to  procure  the  same  and  to  enter  into  negotiations 
with  other  governments  or  persons  to  secure  the  earliest  possible 
action  in  this  matter.  You  will  be  furnished  with  all  of  the  in- 
formation in  the  possession  of  the  Government  concerning  this 
subject,  'and  a  bill  will  be  submitted  to  you,  which,  if  enacted 
into  law,  will  enable  the  Government  to  move  in  the  matter. 

The  Minister  of  Finance  will  lay  before  you  a  supplemental 
appropriation  bill  for  the  expenditures,  which  I  commend  to  your 
attention. 

It  will  be  the  duty  of  each  House  of  the  Legislature  to  select 
five  members  of  the  Council  of  State,  according  to  the  provi- 
sions of  the  Constitution.  I  suggest  that  this  duty  be  performed 
without  unnecessary  delay,  as  the  termination  of  the  functions 
of  the  Advisory  Council  make  it  desirable  that  the  Council  of 
State  be  selected  as  early  as  possible. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Legislature  of  the  Republic  is  the 
signal  for  the  retirement  of  a  body  of  men  whose  work  is  a  vital 
part  of  the  history  of  the  Provisional  Government  and  of  the 
first  year  of  the  Republic.  I  refer  to  the  Advisory  Council, 
which  with  the  Executive  Council  has  formed  the  legislative 
estate  of  the  Government  for  the  past  twenty-nine  months. 
Changes  have  taken  place  in  the  personnel  of  the  Advisory 
Council,  but  the  brave,  patriotic  spirit  which  characterized  it  at 
its  first  organization  has  never  left  it.  The  first  meeting  was 
held  on  the  afternoon  of  January  17th,  1893,  the  last  a  few  days 
ago — 152  meetings  in  all.  These  men  have  served  without  pay, 
at  great  personal  inconvenience,  and  yet  have  never  been  found 
wanting.  Besides  the  large  amount  of  legislative  work  accom- 
plished, the  debt  of  the  Executive  Council  and  the  country  to 
them  for  good  and  fearless  advice  and  support  can  never  be 
estimated  or  paid.  The  memory  of  their  services  will  remain, 
I  believe,  in  the  councils  of  the  Republic,  a  permanent  influence 
of  pure  and  incorruptible  patriotism. 

I  congratulate  you  that  the  first  exercise  of  the  legislative 
function  of  the  Republic  through  its  duly  elected  Legislature, 
has  been  placed  in  your  hands ;  and  I  am  confident  that  you  will 
feel  the  inspiration  of  the  occasion  and  will  assume  the  responsi- 
bility of  your  position  with  a  lofty  patriotism  that  shall  cast  its 
influence  along  the  years  to  come,  ever  tending  to  purify  and  exalt 
the  work  and  the  status  of  the  legislator. 


231 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HAWAII. 

Special  Session  of  1895. 

Senate. 

gan  June  12.  Ended  August  15. 

Sat  50  Days. 

W.   C.  WILDER,  President. 
J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


KAUHANE,  J. 
NORTHRUP,   F. 

BALDWIN,  H.  P. 


BROWN,  CECIL. 
SCHMIDT,  H.  W. 
WILDER,  W.   C. 


RICE,  W.  H. 


FIRST    DISTRICT, 

LYMAN,  F.   S. 
NOTLEY,   C* 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOCKING,  A. 
HORNER,  W.  Y. 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

McCANDLESS,  J.  A. 
WATERHOUSE,  H. 
WRIGHT,  J.   N. 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

WILCOX,    G.    N. 

J.  F.   CLAY,  Cleric. 


Eesigued  August   15. 


House  of  Representatives. 

Sat  53  Days. 

D.  L.   NAONE,  Spealcer. 
G.  P.   KAMAUOHA,   Vice-Speal-er. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

RICHARDS,  E.  E.  RYCROFT,  R. 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BOND,  E.  C.  KAMAUOHA,   G.   P. 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

HAIA    W.  P.  HANXJNA,  E.   M. 


NAONE,   D.   L. 


CLUNEY,   J.   C. 


KAEO,  S.  K. 


PALI,  A. 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

ROBERTSON,  A.   G.   M. 
WINSTON,  E.   C. 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

DAVIS,  JAMES. 
HALUALANI,  L.  K. 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

McBRYDE,   W.   D. 
JAMES  N.  K.  KEOLA,  Cleric. 


232 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  AT  THE  OPENING  OF 
THE  LEGISLATURE,  REGULAR  SESSION  OF  1896. 


Since  the  adjournment  of  the  special  session  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, our  relations  with  other  governments  have  continued  to  be 
of  a  friendly  character. 

During  this  period  the  district  of  Honolulu  experienced  an 
epidemic  of  Cholera  violent  and  fatal  in  character,  but  which, 
through  the  prompt  and  intelligent  action  of  the  Board  of  Health 
and  the  voluntary  and  energetic  assistance  rendered  by  citizens 
of  all  classes,  irrespective  of  political  sentiments,  was  confined  to 
Honolulu  and  finally  suppressed.  Although  the  epidemic  lasted 
but  a  few  weeks,  it  caused  the  Government  a  large  expenditure 
of  money  for  which  special  appropriations  were  made  by  the 
Council  of  State.  It  was  also  the  source  of  serious  interruption 
to  business  in  Honolulu  and  general  inconvenience  through  the 
islands  to  trade  on  account  of  quarantine  regulations  and  the 
alarm  and  uncertainty  that  was  everywhere  felt  in  view  of  its 
possible  extension. 

The  lessons  taught  the  community  by  this  experience  are  very 
pointed  as  regards  the  necessity  of  sanitary  measures  and  regu- 
lations that  shall  make  impossible  the  recurrence  of  Cholera  or 
the  prevalence  of  other  dangerous  epidemic.  The  Government 
has  collected  information  from  abroad  bearing  on  the  subject, 
and  has  improved  its  machinery  for  destroying  disease  germs 
that  may  be  brought  here  from  other  countries. 

With  the  exception  of  the  invasion  of  cholera,  the  state  of 
public  health  has  been  as  usual. 

The  last  year's  expenses  were,  in  spite  of  the  large  outlay  on 
account  of  the  insurrection  of  January  and  the  cholera  epidemic, 
kept  within  current  funds,  though  not  within  the  actual  current 
revenue  for  the  year;  this  was  accomplished  by  means  of  the 
large  surplus  balance  carried  over  from  the  previous  year. 

Although  it  is  the  policy  of  the  Government  to  study  economy 
in  the  expenditure  of  public  funds,  an  increased  appropriation 
for  the  coming  period  is  deemed  necessary ;  partly  on  account  of 
the  rapidly  increasing  number  of  school  children  recjuiring  addi- 
tional outlay  for  school  buildings  and  teachers,  partly  for  the 
sake  of  increased  efficiency  of  the  civil  service  in  some  depart- 
ments and  partly  for  the  sake  of  public  improvements  necessary 
to  industrial  and  commercial  development.  A  part  also  of  this 
increased  appropriation  will  be  required  for  carrying  out  the  land 
policy  of  the  Government  under  the  Land  Act  passed  by  the 
Legislature  at  its  last  session. 

While  it  is  recommended  that  certain  public  improvements  be 
provided  for  by  loan,  it  is  expected  that  the  balance  of  the  pro- 
posed increase  of  expenditure  will  come  from  the  natural  growth 


233 

of  revenue  from  duties  and  taxes,  and  from  the  action  of  special 
revenue  laws  recommended  by  the  Minister  of  Finance,  provid- 
ing for  an  increased  tariff  on  certain  imports,  for  the  consolida- 
tion of  statutes  relating  to  public  licenses,  and  for  a  readjust- 
ment of  the  period  of  tax  assessment.  It  is  hoped  that  from 
these  sources  the  revenue  may  be  reasonably  increased  without 
a  necessity  for  the  increase  of  direct  taxation. 

Public  Improvements. 

The  subject  of  public  improvements  demands  careful  study, 
for,  while  borrowing  to  an  extreme  degree  for  such  purposes, 
would  tend  to  cripple  the  future  administration  of  affairs,  the 
neglect  to  make  certain  improvements  for  fear  of  debt  would 
delay  the  material  and  social  progress  we  need  and  hope  for. 

The  island  of  Hawaii,  with  great  natural  resources,  yet  with 
a  small  population  in  proportion  to  its  area,  rugged  with  lava 
flows  and  cut  up  with  numerous  and  precipitous  gulches,  re- 
quires a  large  outlay  for  good  roads.  Road  construction  on  this 
island,  from  these  natural  conditions,  is  more  expensive  than  on 
the  other  islands  and  the  length  of  necessary  roads  is  greater. 
But  the  work  ought  to  be  done,  and  done  well  and  quickly,  as  it 
is  an  essential  factor  in  the  development  of  our  largest  island  to 
a  degree  that  will  materially  and  beneficially  aft'ect  the  destinies 
of  all  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Our  increasing  commerce  calls  for  larger  wharf  facilities  in 
the  harbors  of  Honolulu  and  Hilo.  This  need  is  specially  im- 
perative at  the  port  of  Honolulu.  The  extension  of  the  basin  of 
this  harbor  is  desirable  for  the  shipping  requirements  of  the  not 
very  remote  future. 

The  prosperity  of  the  Koolau  side  of  Oahu  would  be  greatly 
stimulated  by  better  communication  with  Honolulu. 

Upon  these  grounds  I  recommend  adequate  appropriations  for 
new  roads  on  Hawaii,  for  the  Nuuanu  Pali  road  on  Oahu,  for 
Honolulu  wharf  and  harbor  extension,  and  for  a  wharf  at  Hilo, 
and  that  the  funds  therefor  shall  be  raised  by  loan. 

The  many  instances  in  which  streets  in  Honolulu  and  Hilo 
require  extending  or  widening  has  led  the  Executive  Council  to 
consider  the  desirability  of  legislation  which  will  define  the 
extent  of  such  extensions  and  additions  to  width,  with  authority 
to  construct  the  same,  and  also  provide  against  the  erection  of 
buildings  within  such  limits  after  the  adoption  thereof.  Bills 
carrying  out  this  idea  have  been  prepared  and  will  be  submitted 
to  you  by  the  Cabinet. 

The  Land  Act. 
Since  the  enactment  of  the  Land  Act,   1895,  the  Land  Com- 


234 

mission  appointed  under  the  Act  has  initiated  operations  under 
the  same,  taking  up  the  survey  of  lands  in  various  locahties  for 
purposes  of  settlement,  laying  out  roads  for  proposed  settle- 
ments, and  preparing  forms  and  blanks  for  carrying  out  the 
details  of  the  Act.  Already  on  the  islands  of  Hawaii  and  Oahu 
there  are  lands  nearly  ready  to  be  opened  for  settlement.  It  is 
the  desire  of  the  Government  to  push  the  work  under  the  Land 
Act  with  all  the  enterprise  possible,  under  such  appropriations 
as  the  Legislature  may  grant  for  the  purpose,  feeling  confident 
that  the  speedy  settlement  of  available  lands  by  small  farmers 
owning  the  soil  will  be  a  large  factor  in  the  industrial  progress  of 
the  country  and  will  also  directly  tend  to  increase  the  number  of 
intelligent  voters.  While  some  of  our  people  do  not  sympathize 
with  the  policy  entered  into  by  the  enactment  of  the  Land  Act, 
no  opposition  to  it  has  appeared.  Some  land-holders  have 
begun  to  see  that  its  measures  will  tend  to  their  own  benefit  in 
the  way  of  furnishing  a  near  market  for  the  produce  of  their 
estates,  as  well  as  by  creating  a  demand  for  holdings  thereon 
under  conditions  of  tenancy. 

A  number  of  persons,  the  subjects  of  other  Governments,  wdio 
were  arrested  for  alleged  complicity  in  the  insurrection  of  last 
year,  have  complained  to  their  Governments,  charging  the  Ha- 
waiian authorities  with  illegal  conduct  and  asking  that  personal 
damages  be  demanded  therefor.  The  greater  part  of  these  com- 
plaints have  been  referred  to  this  Government  for  information, 
which  has  been  furnished. 

During  the  latter  half  of  last  year  a  policy  of  clemency  to- 
ward political  prisoners  in  confinement  was  adopted  by  the  Gov- 
ernment, under  which,  from  time  to  time,  they  have  been  released 
under  conditions  of  parole.  This  action  has  been  justified  so  far 
by  the  result  of  greater  politcal  harmony. 

An  act  based  upon  the  concession  for  a  Pacific  cable  authorized 
by  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature,  is  now  under  discussion 
before  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  with  a  favorable  pros- 
pect for  its  passage. 

The  status  of  the  question  of  the  political  union  of  this  coun- 
try and  the  United  States  has  not  materially  changed  since  the 
last  session  of  the  Legislature. 

I  feel  confident  that  the  reports  of  the  several  investigating 
commissions  created  by  the  Legislature  at  its  last  session  will 
materially  aid  you  in  your  deliberations. 

The  Minister  of  Finance  will  present  to  you  the  several  Appro- 
priation Bills,  which  have  received  the  careful  consideration  of 
the  Executive  Council. 

The  annual  reports  to  me  of  the  heads  of  the  executive  depart- 
ments furnish  a  clear  statement  of  the  administrative  work  of 
the  past  year.  They  are  herewith  transmitted  for  your  consid- 
eration. 


235 

I  congratulate  you  that  the  first  regular  session  of  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  opens  under  circumstances  so 
auspicious  for  the  general  welfare.  The  promise  of  abundant 
crops  for  the  coming  year,  of  a  large  development  of  industrial 
and  business  enterprises,  and,  best  of  all,  a  decadence  of  the 
political  animosities  which  for  the  past  few  years  have  been  so 
great  an  obstacle  to  national  prosperity,  may  well  add  hope  and 
patriotic  enthusiasm  and  a  broad  sympathy  to  your  deliberations. 


236 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1896. 

Senate. 

Began  February  19.  Ended  June  15. 

Sat  100  Days. 

W.  C.  WILDEE,  President. 
J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


HOLSTEIN,  H.  L. 
LYMAN,  F.  S. 


BALDWIN,   H.   P. 


BEOWN,  CECIL. 
SCHMIDT,  H.  W. 
WILDEE,  W.  C. 


FIRST    DISTRICT. 

KAUHANE,  J. 
NORTHEUP,   F. 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOCKING,  A. 
HOENEE,  W.  Y. 


THIRD    DISTRICT. 


McCANDLESS,  J.  A. 
WATEEHOUSE,  H. 

WEIGHT,  J.  N. 


FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

EICE,  W.   H.  WILCOX,  G.  N. 

J.  F.  CLAY,  Clerl. 
Seated  March  12,  vice  Notley,  resigned   (August  15,  1895). 

House  of  Representatives. 

D.  L.  NAONE,  Speaker. 
G.  P.  KAMAUOHA,  Vice-Speaker. 


EICHAEDS,   E.   E. 


BOND,  E.   C. 


HAIA,  W.  P. 


FIRST   DISTRICT. 

EYCEOFT,  R. 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

KAMAUOHA,  G.  P. 


THIRD    DISTRICT. 


PALI,  A. 


HANUNA,  E.   M. 


NAONE,  D.  L. 


CLUNEY,  J.  C. 


FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

ROBEETSON,  A.  G.  M. 
WINSTON,  E.  C. 

FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

DAVIS,   JAMES. 
HALUALANI,  L.  K. 


KAEO,  S.  K. 


SIXTH   DISTRICT. 


McBEYDE,   W.   D. 
JAMES    N.    K.    KEOLA,    Clerk. 


PROCLAMATION 


Whereas,  A  treaty  of  political  union  between  the  Republic  of 
Hawaii  and  the  United  States  of  America  has  been  made  by  the 
President  with  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet^  in  accordance  with 
Article  32  of  the  Constitution,  and  has  been  signed  by  the  repie- 
sentatives  of  both  Governments : 

Nozi',  therefore,  I,  Sanford  B.  Dole,  President  of  the  Republic 
of  Hawaii,  by  virtue  of  the  power  conferred  upon  me  by  Article 
28  of  the  Constitution,  hereby  convene  the  Senate  in  Special 
Session  at  the  Executive  Building  in  Honolulu,  at  12  o'clock 
noon,  on  Wednesday,  the  eighth  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1897, 
for  the  consideration  of  the  question  of  the  ratification  of  the 
said  treaty  of  annexation  and  for  the  despatch  of  other  public 
business. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii, 
this  Twenty-fifth  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1897. 

(Seal) 

(Sig.)    SANFORD  B.  DOLE. 

PRESIDENT'S  MESSAGE. 


To  the  Senate  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii: 

Under  the  authority  conferred  upon  me  by  the  Constitution, 
and  with  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet,  I  have  negotiated  a  treaty 
of  political  union  between  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  and  the  United 
States  of  America  which  was  signed  by  the  plenipotentiaries  pi 
both  governments  in  the  city  of  Washington  on  the  16th  day  of 
June,  A.  D.  1897. 

I  herewith  transmit  the  same  to  the  Senate  for  the  consider- 
ation of  the  question  of  the  ratification  thereof,  under  its  con- 
stitutional authority. 

In  this  relation  I  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  certain  sig- 
nificant events  which  bear  upon  this  matter. 

The  Provisional  Government  which  succeeded  the  Hawaiian 
Monarchy  on  the  17th  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1893,  was  organ- 
ized for  the  administration  of  public  affairs  until  such  time  as 
terms  of  union  with  the  United  States  of  America  should  have 
been  agreed  on.  Unexpected  delays  in  the  consummation  of  such 
union  having  occurred,  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  was  organized  and 
proclaimed  on  the  4th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1894.  The  funda- 
mental law  of  the  new  republic  contained  the  following  words : 
"The  President,  with  the  approval  of  the  Cabinet,  is  hereby  ex- 
pressly authorized  and  empowered  to  make  a  treaty  of  political 
or  commercial  union  between  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  and  the 
United  States  of  America,  subject  to  the  ratification  of  the 
Senate." 


238 

The  Legislature  of  the  Repubhc  at  both  of  its  sessions  passed 
joint  resolutions  endorsing  the  annexation  policy  of  the  Provi- 
sional Government  and  Republic  of  Hawaii. 

The  grounds  for  the  adoption  of  this  policy  on  the  17th  day 
of  January,  A.  D.  1893,  were : — First,  the  existing  local  condi- 
tions under  which  the  maintenance  of  stable  government  was 
beset  with  great  and  increasing  difficulties,  and  the  growing 
menace  to  the  small  Hawaiian  population  involved  in  the  im- 
pending immigration,  possibly  unlimited,  of  races  whose  civili- 
zation was  not  in  accord  with  the  established  institutions  of  the 
country;  second,  the  rapidly  developing  interests  of  the  great 
naval  powers  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  which  rendered  the  perma- 
nence of  the  independent  government  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands 
extremely  uncertain ;  third,  the  importance  of  securing  such  per- 
manence of  relations  with  the  United  States  as  would  render 
possible  the  development  of  the  resources  of  this  country;  and, 
fourth,  an  abiding  conviction  that  it  was  for  the  best  interests  of 
all  of  the  people  of  these  Islands. 

All  of  these  reasons  for  annexation  to  the  United  States  of 
America  still  exist,  and  subsequent  events  have  emphasized  their 
importance. 

I  would  further  call  your  attention  to  the  friendly  and  pro- 
tecting policy  of  the  government  of  the  United  States  of  America 
toward  this  country  which  has  existed  from  the  inception  of  its 
foreign  relations,  whereby  the  danger  of  foreign  interference  has 
been  lessened,  the  stability  of  the  Hawaiian  Government  has 
been  promoted  and  trade  relations  have  been  developed  to  the 
great  benefit  of  Hawaii. 

An  important  feature  of  the  treaty  submitted  to  your  consid- 
eration is  the  provision  that  all  Hawaiian  laws  and  customs  reg- 
ulations not  inconsistent  with  the  treaty  under  consideration,  nor 
contrary  to  the  constitution  or  treaties  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  shall  remain  in  force  until  changed  by  Congress ;  such 
legislation  by  Congress  to  be  preceded  by  a  report  to  that  body 
from  five  commissioners,  at  least  two  of  whom  shall  be  resi- 
dents of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  recommending  such  legislation 
concerning  Hawaii  as  they  shall  deem  necessary  or  proper.  Thus 
is  deliberation  assured  as  to  the  ultimate  form  of  government  for 
the  Territory  of  Hawaii,  and  the  injury  that  inevitably  follows 
sudden  changes  of  political  conditions  precluded. 

In  submitting  this  most  important  measure  to  your  considera- 
tion, I  would  remind  you  that  you  are  the  representatives  of  the 
interests  of  the  whole  Hawaiian  community  of  every  class  and 
name ;  and  I  cannot  doubt  that  in  reaching  your  decision  you  will 
be  guided  by  the  conscientious  and  patriotic  desire  to  promote  its 
best  and  most  lasting  prosperity. 

(Sig.)    SANFORD  B.  DOLE. 
Executive  Chamber, 
September  8,  1897. 


239 


LEGISLATURE  OE  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HAWAII. 

Special  Session  of  the  Senate,  1897. 

Began  September  8.  Ended  September  10. 

Sat  3  Days. 

W.  C.  WILDER,  President. 
J,    KAUHANE,    Vice-President. 


HOLSTEIN,  H.  L. 
LYMAN,  F.  S. 


FIRST   DISTRICT. 


KAUHANE,  J. 
NORTHEUP,  F. 


BALDWIN,  H.  P. 


SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOCKING,  A. 
HORNER,  W.  Y. 


BROWN,   CECIL. 
SCHMIDT,   H.   W. 
WILDER,  W.   C. 


RICE,  W.  H. 


THIRD     DISTRICT. 

McCANDLESS,  J.  A. 
WATERHOUSE,  H. 
WRIGHT,  J.  N. 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

WILCOX,  G.   N. 

J.  F.  CLAY,  Cleric. 


240 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  ACTING  PRESIDENT  AT  THE 

OPENING  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE,  REGULAR 

SESSION  OF  1898. 


In  the  absence  of  the  President,  I  present  to  you  several  mat- 
ters for  your  information  and  consideration. 

Exercising  the  authority  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Consti- 
tution and  following  the  spirit  of  a  Resolution  passed  at  your 
last  regular  session,  the  President  has,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Cabinet,  made  a  treaty  of  political  union  with  the  United  States 
of  America. 

Negotiations  were  opened  early  in  the  month  of  April,  1897, 
which  resulted  in  the  signing  of  the  Treaty  at  Washington  on  the 
16th  day  of  June,  following,  by  the  plenipotentiaries  of  the  two 
Governments ;  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  of  America  by  the 
Hon.  John  Sherman,  Secretary  of  State,  and  by  Messrs.  Francis 
M.  Hatch,  Lorrin  A.  Thurston  and  William  A.  Kinney,  for  the 
Republic  of  Hawaii. 

Having  reviewed  the  action  of  our  plenipotentiaries  and  find- 
ing that  the  Treaty  contained  in  its  several  articles  sufficient  pro- 
visions for  the  benefit  and  protection  of  the  Republic  and  desiring 
to  ascertain  the  pleasure  of  the  Senate  in  regard  to  its  final  rati- 
fication, the  President  called  a  special  session  of  that  body  which 
assembled  on  the  8th  day  of  September,  1897. 

After  mature  consideration  of  the  Treaty,  the  Senate,  by  an 
unanimous  vote,  consented  to  its  ratification  on  the  9th  day  of 
September.  The  Treaty  was  signed  by  the  President  two  days 
later. 

The  American  copy  of  the  Treaty  was  transmitted  by  Presi- 
dent McKinley  to  the  Senate  of  that  country,  on  the  16th  day  of 
June,  1897,  accompanied  by  a  special  message  recommending  its 
ratification. 

Until  the  final  exchange  of  the  ratifications  the  sovereignty  of 
this  country  continues.  It  is  therefore  necessary  for  you  to 
consider  the  biennial  and  special  appropriation  bills  which  will  be 
presented  to  you  by  the  Minister  of  Finance,  and  to  enact  such 
wholesome  laws  as  may  be  required  for  the  well  being  of  the 
people. 

Owing  to  the  intimate  relations  existing  between  the  Republic 
and  the  United  States  of  America,  great  care  should  be  exercised 
that  no  action  be  taken  which  might  interfere  with  the  scope  of 
the  Treaty  above  referred  to,  nor  in  any  way  jeopardize  the 
present  satisfactory  relations,  nor  hinder  the  future  presentation 
of  the  Treaty,  should  it  fail  at  the  present  time  to  receive  the 
approval  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  where  it  is  now 
pending. 


241 

Japanese  Immigration. 

During  the  months  of  March  and  April,  1897,  several  steam- 
ships left  the  ports  of  Japan  for  this  country,  having  on  board 
a  large  number  of  immigrants.  In  the  course  of  his  investiga- 
tions in  regard  to  the  qualifications  of  the  immigrants  to  land, 
the  Collector-General  of  Customs  found  that  a  large  number 
were  unable  to  conform  to  the  requirements  of  the  laws  apper- 
taining to  the  landing  of  aliens,  and  for  that  reason  denied  them 
the  privilege.  The  immigrants  were  detained  at  the  Quarantine 
Station  until  taken  back  to  Japan  by  the  Immigration  Companies 
who  had  assisted  in  bringing  them  to  this  country.  This  action 
on  the  part  of  the  Collector-General  drew  forth  a  protest  from 
the  Japanese  Government,  and  much  correspondence  has  been 
exchanged  on  the  subject. 

As  the  correspondence  progressed  it  became  evident  that  it 
might  be  difficult  to  arrive  at  a  satisfactory  settlement  of  the 
controversy.  For  this  reason  it  was  suggested  by  this  Govern- 
ment that  the  points  of  difference  be  submitted  to  disinterested 
arbitrators  for  decision.  The  framing  of  issues  upon  which  the 
decision  of  the  arbitrators  is  to  be  invited  is  now  being  proceeded 
with. 

Revenues  of  the  Government. 

The  receipts  from  the  several  revenue-producing  bureaus 
show  a  marked  increase  over  previous  periods.  The  operation 
of  the  tax  law  of  1896  produced  in  the  main  satisfactory  results, 
and  while  it  gave  rise  to  litigation,  it  is  now  more  fully  under- 
stood, and  its  administration  in  the  future  will  undoubtedly  meet 
with  but  little  opposition.  For  this  reason,  and  also  on  account 
of  a  desire  that  all  legislation  should  follow  conservative  lines, 
the  Executive  have  decided  not  to  introduce  any  new  measure 
for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  revenues. 

Appropriation  Bills. 

The  several  appropriation  bills  which  will  be  submitted  to  you 
by  the  Minister  of  Finance  contain  the  estimates  of  the  funds 
required  for  the  successful  conduct  of  the  various  branches  of 
the  Government  for  the  present  period.  The  amounts  to  be 
paid  from  the  Current  Receipts  are  within  the  anticipated  reve- 
nues of  the  country,  while  such  of  the  contemplated  improve- 
ments as  are  to  be  paid  for  from  the  Loan  Fund  have  been  re- 
stricted to  the  pressing  needs  of  our  advancing  commonwealth. 


16 


242 

Consolidation  of  the  Public  Debt. 

The  Minister  of  Finance  will  present  to  you  a  bill  having  for 
its  purpose  the  consolidation  of  the  outstanding  public  debt.  The 
credit  of  the  Republic  is  so  well  established  that  it  is  expected 
that  under  proper  conditions  all  the  indebtedness  of  the  Govern- 
ment authorized  by  the  various  Loan  Acts  may  be  placed  in  one 
Loan,  secured  by  bonds  bearing  a  lower  rate  of  interest  than  that 
now  being  paid. 

Amendment  of  the  Constitution. 

The  amendment  to  Article  63  of  the  Constitution,  proposed  to 
and  acted  upon  by  the  Legislature  at  its  first  regular  session,  will 
be  presented  to  you  for  your  consideration.  This  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  in  no  wise  changes  or  affects  any  of  the  vital 
principles  of  the  fundamental  law;  but  if  adopted  will  render  it 
less  likely  that  some  important  law  may  become  unconstitutional 
through  a  defect  in  its  title. 

Public  Improvements. 

During  the  past  period,  most  gratifying  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  way  of  public  improvements.  Nearly  a  hundred 
miles  of  roads  have  been  constructed  on  the  Island  of  Hawaii. 
The  almost  impassable  trails  have  been  replaced  by  highways  of 
easy  grades  with  finely  finished  and  firmly  made  road  beds.  This 
system  of  roads,  which  has  been  so  well  begun,  should  be  pushed 
to  a  speedy  completion.  By  this  means  a  large  area  of  land 
which  has  been  heretofore  practically  inaccessible  will  be  made 
available   for  settlement  and  cultivation. 

While  the  road  improvement  has  not  been  so  great  on  the 
Islands  of  Maui,  Oahu,  and  Kauai,  important  work  has  been  done 
on  all  of  these  Islands.  The  opening  of  the  Nuuanu  Pali  road 
marks  the  completion  of  a  project  that  has  been  before  the  public 
for  many  years. 

Extensive  improvements  of  the  harbors  of  Honolulu  and  Hilo 
are  now  under  way.  The  demands  of  our  increasing  commerce 
permit  of  no  cessation  of  these  works. 

An  important  factor  in  the  preservation  of  the  health  of  Ho- 
nolulu has  been  the  straightening  and  improvement  of  the  lower 
portion  of  Nuuanu  stream,  while  the  installation  of  a  modern 
disinfecting  plant  and  other  appliances  at  the  Quarantine  Sta- 
tion gives  assurance  that  the  possible  introduction  of  diseases 
from  foreign  countries  has  been  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

Many  new  school  houses  have  been  built,  but  still  a  greater 
number  are  needed  for  the  accommodation  of  our  school  children. 


243 

some   of  whom   although   several   years   above   school   age   have 
never  had  the  benefit  of  instruction  in  the  public  schools. 

All  the  funds  necessary  for  the  continuation  of  the  general 
plan  of  public  improvements  should  be  granted  without  hesita- 
tion, having  only  in  view  the  sources  of  revenue  at  the  disposal 
of  the  Government. 

Sewerage. 

At  your  last  session,  an  appropriation  of  $10,000  was  made  for 
sewerage  investigation.  The  greater  part  of  this  sum  has  been 
expended  in  obtaining  plans  and  specifications  for  a  system  of 
sewerage  for  Honolulu.  Investigation  was  undertaken  by  an 
eminent  sanitary  engineer,  and  his  report,  which  included  elab- 
orate drawings,  together  with  estimates  of  cost  of  construction 
and  maintenance,  will  be  submitted  to  you  by  the  Minister  of  the 
Interior. 

While  the  completion  of  the  entire  system  would  require  the 
expenditure  of  nearly  a  half  million  of  dollars,  a  portion  of  the 
work  may  well  be  commenced,  which,  when  completed,  would 
give  that  part  of  the  city  which  is  most  thickly  settled,  sewerage 
facilities. 

The  protection  of  the  health  of  Honolulu  is  not  only  important 
to  its  inhabitants,  but  to  all  the  group  as  well,  it  being  the  prin- 
cipal distributing  point  and  business  center  the  prevalence  of  an 
epidemic  would  seriously  interfere  with  the  general  business  of 
the  country. 

Land  Policy. 


The  extent  of  the  undeveloped  resources  of  the  country  are 
but  beginning  to  be  understood.  The  growth  of  the  coffee  in- 
dustry has  emphasized  this  and  given  rise  to  a  demand  for  land 
in  small  parcels,  upon  many  of  which  homes  are  being  erected 
and  occupied  by  a  very  desirable  class  of  people.  The  present 
land  policy  of  the  Government  has  an  important  bearing  upon 
this  subject,  and  should  be  continued,  but  upon  a  more  extended 
scale. 

The  sub-division  of  public  lands  suitable  for  settlement  should 
be  carried  on  with  all  possible  expedition.  For  this  reason  the 
Land  Commission  should  be  granted  increased  facilities  for  carry- 
ing on  the  work.  A  step  in  this  direction  would  be  to  place  the 
surveying  of  the  lands  to  be  opened  by  the  Commission,  under 
the  Bureau  of  Survey.  This  would  relieve  the  Commission  from 
many  perplexing  questions,  and  give  the  Land  Agent  opportu- 
nity to  attend  to  other  details,  thereby  enabling  him  to  push  for- 


244 

ward   the   interests   of   intending    settlers    with    the    necessary 
promptness. 

Forestry. 

The  extension  and  conservation  of  forests  is  a  matter  which  is 
receiving  the  attention  of  nearly  all  civilized  nations.  Whatever 
may  be  the  difference  in  theories  in  regard  to  the  eft'ect  of  for- 
ests on  the  amount  of  rainfall,  all  admit  that  many  benefits 
result  from  the  existence  of  large  forest  areas. 

The  protection  of  the  forests  has  received  the  attention  of  the 
Executive  during  the  last  two  years.  Through  amicable  arrange- 
ments with  those  who  control  large  tracts  of  land  many  miles  of 
fence  have  been  constructed  for  the  purpose  of  shutting  out  from 
the  forests  the  herds  of  wild  cattle  which  infest  the  mountainous 
regions. 

So  much  depends  upon  the  correct  understanding  of  the  meth- 
ods to  be  employed  in  an  undertaking  of  this  nature,  it  is  ad- 
visable that  the  work  should  be  in  charge  of  specially  trained 
men.  This  work  if  carried  out  judiciously  need  not  interfere 
with  either  established  or  contemplated  industries. 

Industrial  and   Reform    Schools. 

There  are  a  number  of  our  boys  and  girls  who  are  so  incorri- 
gible that  their  parents  cannot  keep  the  necessary  control  of 
them,  or  they  are  the  children  of  parents  who  are  indifferent  to 
their  welfare,  and  being  left  to  their  own  resources  become  in 
after  years  an  addition  to  the  dissolute  and  vicious  element  of 
our  population. 

That  this  error  may  be  corrected,  it  is  recommended  that  a 
law  be  enacted  which  will  enlarge  the  scope  of  the  present 
Reform  School  by  giving  authority  to  the  Department  of  Public 
Instruction  to  commit  such  boys  and  girls  as  it  may  consider 
require  discipline  and  protection,  to  an  industrial  school. 

Instruction  in  the  ordinary  branches  may  well  be  coupled  with 
agricultural  and  manual  training  in  institutions  of  this  kind,  and 
if  suitable  locations  are  secured  for  these  schools  they  may  be- 
come partially  self-supporting. 

The  criminal  classes  or  those  usually  committed  to  the  Reform 
School,  may  be  included  in  the  scope  of  institutions  of  this  kind, 
but  they  should  be  kept  in  separate  wards  so  as  not  to  exert  an 
improper  influence  over  those  who  have  not  become  addicted  to 
vicious  habits.  The  desired  end  of  institutions  of  this  kind 
would  be  to  give  the  inmates  a  rudimentary  education  as  well  as 
training  in  useful  trade  or  employment,  all  of  which  would  tend 
to  give  them  a  better  appreciation  of  the  responsibilities  of  life  as 


245 

well  as  means  of  self-sustenance    upon    their    discharge    from 
school. 

Appeal  from  District  Magistrates. 

The  present  judiciary  law  allows  appeals  from  all  decisions  of 
District  Magistrates  in  all  matters,  to  the  Circuit  Courts.  This 
has  the  effect  of  hindering  the  work  of  the  Circuit  Courts  at 
their  regular  terms.  The  calendar  is  repeatedly  encumbered  by 
cases  on  appeal  from  the  District  Courts  of  so  trivial  a  nature 
that  the  really  important  cases  are  often  crowded  over  from  one 
term  of  Court  to  another,  to  the  detriment  of  litigants  and  unjus- 
tifiable expense  to  the  Government.  Appeals  from  District  Mag- 
istrates to  the  Circuit  Courts  should  be  restricted  to  cases  of  im- 
portance. The  right  of  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  on  ques- 
tions of  law  may  well  be  continued,  but  with  a  provision  that  when 
the  appeals  shall  be  found  to  be  frivolous,  the  Supreme  Court 
may  in  its  discretion  impose  exemplary  costs.  The  right  of  ap- 
peal in  criminal  cases  might  be  governed  by  the  amount  of  fine 
or  imprisonment  imposed  by  the  District  Magistrate,  and  in  civil 
actions  for  debt  or  assumpsit,  by  the  amount  involved  in  the 
case. 

Cable  Communication. 

Under  the  provisions  of  Act  17  of  the  Laws  of  1895,  being  an 
Act  to  facilitate  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  telegraphic 
cables  in  the  Pacific,  a  contract  was  entered  into  between  the 
Republic  and  Mr.  Z.  S.  Spalding,  which  received  the  sanction  of 
the  Legislature  by  a  joint-resolution,  approved  August  14,  1895. 
Mr.  Spalding  was  unable,  through  various  reasons,  to  complete 
the  cable  within  the  term  specified  in  the  contract,  and  a  sur- 
render of  the  contract  and  the  franchise  thereby  granted  was 
agreed  to  on  the  3rd  day  of  May,  1897,  since  which  time  no  defi- 
nite proposition  in  regard  to  cable  communication,  which  was 
considered  wise  to  accept,  has  been  presented. 

Registration  of  Vessels. 

The  law  regulating  the  registration  of  foreign-built  vessels 
under  the  Hawaiian  flag  is  not  in  accord  with  the  policy  of  the 
Executive.  At  present,  any  owner  of  a  foreign-built  vessel  may 
have  the  right  to  obtain  a  register  simply  by  transferring  the 
nominal  legal  title  to  a  citizen  of  this  country.  There  are  many 
objections  to  this.  The  law  does  not  give  sufficient  protection  to 
domestic  enterprises,  for  a  vessel,  although  in  fact  owned  by 
foreigners,  may  enter  into  direct  competition  with  our  own  ves- 


246 

sels,  even  the  inter-island  trade.  It  also  increases  the  obligations 
of  the  Government  to  care  for  Hawaiian  seamen  abroad. 

A  law  restricting  the  granting  of  an  Hawaiian  register  to  ves- 
sels entirely  owned  by  the  citizens  of  the  Republic  is  recom- 
mended. 

In  conclusion,  I  congratulate  you  that  you  meet  at  a  time 
when  friendly  relations  are  being  maintained  with  all  foreign 
powers ;  the  public  peace  and  health  are  well  preserved,  and  gen- 
eral prosperity  prevails  throughout  the  land. 

(Sig.)    HENRY  E.  COOPER. 

Executive  Building,  Honolulu,  H.  I., 
February  16th,  A.  D.  1898. 


247 


LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1898. 

Senate. 

Began  February  16.  Ended  July  7. 

Sat  120  Days. 

W.  C.  WILDEE,  President. 
J.  KAUHANE,  Vice-President. 


FIRST   DISTRICT. 


HOLSTEIN,  H.  L. 
LYMAN,  F.  S. 


BALDWIN,   H.   P. 
HOENEE,   W.   Y.* 


BEOWN,  CECIL. 
SCHMIDT,   H.   W. 
WILDER,  W.   C. 


EICE,  W.  H. 


KAUHANE,  J. 
NORTHRUP,  F. 


SECOND    DISTRICT. 


HOCKING,  A. 
KEPOIILAI,  A.  N.*l 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

McCANDLESS,  J.  A. 
WATEEHOUSE,  H. 
WEIGHT,  J.  N. 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

WILCOX,  G.  N. 

GEO.  MANSON,  Clerk. 


*  Died  February  27,  1898.      (Did  not  attend.) 
^1  Seated  April  25,  vice  Horner,  deceased. 

House  of  Representatives. 

J.  L.  KAULUKOU,  Speaker. 
S.  W.  KAAI,  Vice-SpeaJcer. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

LOBENSTEIN,  A.  B.  EICHAEDS,  E.   E. 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

PAEIS,   J.   D. 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 


ACHI,  W.   C. 


KAAI,  S.  W. 


ATKINSON,  A. 


KAHAULELIO,  D.  H. 
POGUE,  W.  F. 


FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

T.  GEAE,   A. 

ROBERTSON,  A.  G.  M. 


V. 


FIFTH    DISTRICT. 


KAULUKOU,  J.  L. 


McCANDLESS,  L.  L. 
WILDER,  S.  G. 


SIXTH   DISTRICT. 


ISENBERG,  P.  D.  R. 


KAEO,   S.   K. 
JAMES  N.  K.  KEOLA,  CJerTc. 


248 


THE  OEGANIC  ACT  BEING  BEFOEE  CONGEESS  AT  THE  TIME 
SET  BY  THE  CONSTITUTION  FOE  THE  LEGISLATUEE  TO  MEET 
FOE  THE  SESSION  OF  1900,  NO  SESSION  WAS  HELD. 


249 


GOVERNORS,  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII 

SANFORD  B.  DOLE,  June  14,  1900-November  23,  1903. 
GEORGE  R.  CARTER,  November  23,   1903-August   15,   1907. 
WALTER  F.  FREAR,  August  15,  1907-November  29,  1913. 
LUCIUS  E.  PINKHAM,  November  29,  1913-Juiie  22,  1918. 
CHARLES  J.  McCarthy,  June  22,  1918. 


250 
JOINT  RESOLUTION 

To  Provide  for  Annexing  the  Hawaiian   Islands  to  the 
United  States. 


PUBLIC    RESOLUTION    NO.    51,    55TH    CONGRESS,    2ND    SESSION. 

Whereas  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii  having,  in 
due  form,  signified  its  consent,  in  the  manner  provided  by 
its  constitution,  to  cede  absolutely  and  without  reserve  to 
the  United  States  of  America  all  rights  of  sovereignty  of 
whatsoever  kind  in  and  over  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and 
their  dependencies,  and  also  to  cede  and  transfer  to  the 
United  States  the  absolute  fee  and  ownership  of  all  public, 
Government  or  Crown  lands,  public  buildings  or  edifices, 
ports,  harbors,  military  equipment,  and  all  other  public  prop- 
erty of  every  kind  and  description  belonging  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  together  with  every  right  and 
appurtenance  thereunto  appertaining :   Therefore 

RESOLVED  BY  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REP- 
RESENTATIVES OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMER- 
ICA IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED,  That  said  cession  is  ac- 
cepted, ratified,  and  confirmed,  and  that  the  said  Hawaiian 
Islands  and  their  dependencies  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  annexed 
as  a  part  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States,  and  are  subject 
to  the  sovereign  dominion  thereof,  and  that  all  and  singular  the 
property  and  rights  hereinbefore  mentioned  are  vested  in  the 
United  States  of  America. 

The  existing  laws  of  the  United  States  relative  to  public  lands 
shall  not  apply  to  such  lands  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands ;  but  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  shall  enact  special  laws  for  their 
management  and  disposition:  PROVIDED,  That  all  revenue 
from  or  proceeds  of  the  same,  except  as  regards  such  part  thereof 
as  may  be  used  or  occupied  for  the  civil,  military,  or  naval  pur- 
poses of  the  United  States,  or  may  be  assigned  for  the  use  of  the 
local  government,  shall  be  used  solely  for  the  benefit  of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  for  educational  and  other 
public  purposes. 

Until  Congress  shall  provide  for  the  government  of  such 
islands  all  the  civil,  judicial,  and  military  powers  exercised  by 
the  officers  of  the  existing  government  in  said  islands  shall  be 
vested  in  such  person  or  persons  and  shall  be  exercised  in  such 
manner  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  direct ;  and 
the  President  shall  have  the  power  to  remove  said  officers  and 
fill  the  vacancies  so  occasioned. 


251 

The  existing  treaties  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  with  foreign  na- 
tions shall  forthwith  cease  and  determine,  being  replaced  by  such 
treaties  as  may  exist,  or  as  may  be  hereafter  concluded,  between 
the  United  States  and  such  foreign  nations.  The  municipal  leg- 
islation of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  not  enacted  for  the  fulfillment 
of  the  treaties  so  extinguished,  and  not  inconsistent  with  this 
joint  resolution  nor  contrary  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  nor  to  any  existing  treaty  of  the  United  States,  shall  remain 
in  force  until  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  shall  otherwise 
determine. 

Until  legislation  shall  be  enacted  extending  the  United  States 
customs  laws  and  regulations  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  the  exist- 
ing customs  relations  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  with  the  United 
States  and  other  countries  shall  remain  unchanged. 

The  public  debt  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  lawfully  existing 
at  the  date  of  the  passage  of  this  joint  resolution,  including  the 
amounts  due  to  depositors  in  the  Hawaiian  Postal  Savings  Bank, 
is  hereby  assumed  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States ;  but 
the  liability  of  the  United  States  in  this  regard  shall  in  no  case 
exceed  four  million  dollars.  So  long,  however,  as  the  existing 
Government  and  the-  present  commercial  relations  of  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands  are  continued  as  hereinbefore  provided  said  Gov- 
ernment shall  continue  to  pay  the  interest  on  said  debt. 

There  shall  be  no  further  immigration  of  Chinese  into  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  except  upon  such  conditions  as  are  now  or 
may  hereafter  be  allowed  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States;  no 
Chinese,  by  reason  of  anything  herein  contained,  shall  be  al- 
lowed to  enter  the  United  States  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

The  President  shall  appoint  five  commissioners,  at  least  two 
of  whom  shall  be  residents  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  who  shall, 
as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable,  recommend  to  Congress  such 
legislation  concerning  the  Hawaiian  Islands  as  they  shall  deem 
necessary  or  proper. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  commissioners  hereinbefore  provided  for 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  or  so 
much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of 
any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated^  and  to 
be  immediately  available,  to  be  expended  at  the  discretion  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  this  joint  resolution  into  effect. 

SERENO  E.  PAYNE, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  Pro  Tempore. 
GARRET  A.  HOBART. 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States  and  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  July  7th,  1898. 

WILLIAM  McKINLEY. 


252 

PROCEDURE   INCIDENTAL   TO   THE   TRANSFER    OF 

SOVEREIGNTY  FROM  THE  REPUBLIC  OF 

HAWAII    TO    THE    UNITED 

STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

August  12th,  1898. 


The  transfer  of  sovereignty  took  place  on  a  platform  erected 
in  front  of  the  Executive  Building.  Harold  M.  Sevvall,  Minister 
of  the  United  States  to  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  addressing 
Sanford  B.  Dole,  President  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  said : 

"Mr.  President,  I  present  you  a  certified  copy  of  a  joint  reso- 
lution of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  approved  by  the 
President  on  July  7th,  1898,  entitled  'Joint  Resolution  to  provide 
for  annexing  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to  the  United  States.' 

"This  joint  resolution  accepts,  ratifies  and  confirms,  on  the 
part  of  the  United  States,  the  cession  formally  consented  to  and 
approved  by  the  Republic  of  Hawaii." 

Sanford  B.  Dole,  President  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  ad- 
dressing Harold  M.  Sewall,  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  the 
Republic  of  Hawaii,  replied : 

"A  treaty  of  political  union  having  been  made,  and  the  ces- 
sion formally  consented  to  and  approved  by  the  Republic  of 
Hawaii,  having  been  accepted  by  the  United  States  of  America, 
I  now,  in  the  interest  of  the  Hawaiian  body  politic,  and  with 
full  confidence  in  the  honor,  justice  and  friendship  of  the  Amer- 
ican people  yield  up  to  you  as  the  representative  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  the  sovereignty  and  public  property 
of  the  Hawaiian  Islands." 

Minister  Sewall,  replying  to  President  Dole,  then  said: 

"Mr.  President :  In  the  name  of  the  United  States,  I  accept 
the  transfer  of  the  sovereignty  and  property  of  the  Hawaiian 
Government. 

"The  Admiral  commanding  the  United  States  naval  forces  in 
these  waters  will  proceed  to  perform  the  duty  entrusted  to  him." 

(This  duty  was  to  raise  the  American  flag  over  the  Executive 
Building.) 

The  Hawaiian  flag  was  then  lowered  from  the  central  staft'  on 
the  Executive  Building  by  a  representative  of  the  Hawaiian 
National  Guard ;  and,  by  order  of  Admiral  Miller,  the  American 
flag  was  raised  in  its  place,  by  a  representative  of  the  United 
States  Navy. 

The  following  proclamation  was  then  read  by  Minister  Sewall : 


253 

"To  the  Government  and  the  People  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands : 

"By  the  terms  of  the  Joint  Resolution  by  which  the  cession 
of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  their  dependencies  to  the  United 
States  is  concluded,  it  is  provided  that  until  Congress  shall  pro- 
vide for  the  Government  of  Hawaii,  all  the  civil,  judicial,  and 
military  powers  exercised  by  the  officers  of  the  existing  Govern- 
ment are  to  be  vested  in  such  person  or  persons,  and  to  be  exer- 
cised in  such  manner,  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall 
direct. 

"In  the  exercise  of  the  power  thus  conferred  on  him  by  the 
Joint  Resolution,  the  President  hereby  directs  that  the  civil, 
judicial,  and  military  powers  in  question  shall  be  exercised  by 
the  Officers  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii,  as  it  existed  just  prior 
to  the  transfer  of  sovereignty,  subject  to  his  power  to  remove 
such  officers  and  to  fill  vacancies. 

"x\ll  such  officers  will  be  required  at  once  to  take  an  oath  of 
allegiance  to  the  United  States,  and  all  military  forces  shall  be 
required  to  take  a  similar  oath,  and  all  bonded  officers  will  be 
required  to  renew  their  bonds  to  the  Government  of  the  United 
States. 

"The  powers  of  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  will,  upon  the 
transfer  of  the  sovereignty  and  property  of  Hawaii  to  the  United 
States,  necessarily  cease,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  conduct  of 
diplomatic  intercourse  between  Hawaii  and  foreign  powers. 

"The  municipal  legislation  of  Hawaii,  except  such  as  was  en- 
acted for  the  fulfilment  of  the  treaties  between  that  country 
and  foreign  nations,  and  except  such  as  is  inconsistent  with  the 
Joint  Resolution,  or  contrary  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  or  to  any  existing  treaty  of  the  United  States,  is  to  re- 
main in  force  till  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  shall  other- 
wise determine. 

"The  existing  customs  relations  of  Hawaii  with  the  United 
States  and  with  other  countries  are  to  remain  unchanged  till 
Congress  shall  have  extended  the  customs  laws  and  regulations 
of  the  United  States  to  the  Islands. 

"Under  these  various  provisions,  the  Government  of  the 
Islands  will  proceed  without  interruption." 

HAROLD  M.  SEWALL, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and   Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

Honolulu,  H.  I.,  August  12,  1898. 


254 

PORTION  OF  THE  ORGANIC  ACT  RELATING  TO  THE 
LEGISLATURE. 


Chapter  11. — The  Legislature. 

THE   legislative    POWER. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii 
shall  consist  of  two  houses,  styled,  respectively,  the  senate  and 
house  of  representatives,  which  shall  organize  and  sit  separately, 
except  as  otherwise  herein  provided. 

The  two  houses  shall  be  styled  "The  legislature  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Hawaii." 

Sec.  13.  That  no  person  shall  sit  as  a  senator  or  representa- 
tive in  the  legislature  unless  elected  under  and  in  conformity 
with  this  Act. 

general  elections. 

Sec.  14.  That  a  general  election  shall  be  held  on  the  Tuesday 
next  after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  nineteen  hundred,  and 
every  second  year  thereafter :  Provided,  hozuever,  That  the  gov- 
ernor may,  in  his  discretion,  on  thirty  days'  notice,  order  a  special 
election  before  the  first  general  election,  if,  in  his  opinion,  the 
public  interests  shall  require  a  special  session  of  the  legislature. 

EACH    HOUSE   JUDGE   OF    QUALIFICATIONS    OF    MEMBERS. 

Sec.  15.  That  each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections, 
returns,  and  cjualifications  of  its  own  members. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS   OF    LEGISLATORS. 

Sec.  16.  That  no  member  of  the  legislature  shall,  during  the 
term  for  which  he  is  elected,  be  appointed  or  elected  to  any  office 
of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS    OF     GOVERNMENT    OFFICERS    AND    EMPLOVEES. 

Sec.  17.  That  no  person  holding  office  in  or  under  or  by 
authority  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  or  of  the 
Territory  of  Hawaii  shall  be  eligible  to  election  to  the  legisla- 
ture, or  to  hold  the  position  of  a  member  of  the  same  while 
holding  said  office. 

Sec.  18.  No  idiot  or  insane  person,  and  no  person  who  shall 
be  expelled  from  the  legislature   for  giving  or  receiving  bribes 


255 

or  being  accessory  thereto,  and  no  person  who,  in  due  course  of 
law,  shall  have  been  convicted  of  any  criminal  offense  punishable 
by  imprisonment,  whether  with  or  without  hard  labor,  for  a  term 
exceeding  one  year,  whether  with  or  without  fine,  shall  register 
to  vote  or  shall  vote  or  hold  any  office  in,  or  under,  or  by  authority 
of,  the  government,  unless  the  person  so  convicted  shall  have 
been  pardoned  and  restored  to  his  civil  rights. 

OATH    OF    OFFICE. 

Sec.  19.  That  every  member  of  the  legislature,  and  all  of- 
ficers of  the  government  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii,  shall  take 
the  following  oath  or  affirmation : 

I  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm),  in  the  presence  of  Almighty 
God,  that  I  will  faithfully  support  the  Constitution  and  laws 
of  the  United  States,  and  conscientiously  and  impartially  dis- 
charge my  duties  as  a  member  of  the  legislature,  or  as  an  officer 
of  the  government  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  (as  the  case  may 
be). 

OFFICERS  AND  RULES. 

Sec.  20.  That  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives  shall 
each  choose  its  own  officers,  determine  the  rules  of  its  own  pro- 
ceedings, not  inconsistent  with  this  Act,  and  keep  a  journal. 

ayes  and  noes. 

Sec.  21.  That  the  ayes  and  noes  of  the  members  on  any 
question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  the  members  present, 
be  entered  on  the  journal. 

QUORUM. 

Sec.  22.  That  a  majority  of  the  number  of  members  to  which 
each  house  is  entitled  shall  constitute  a  quorum  of  such  house 
for  the  conduct  of  ordinary  business,  of  which  quorum  a  ma- 
jority vote  shall  suffice;  but  the  final  passage  of  a  law  in  each 
house  shall  require  the  vote  of  a  majority  of  all  the  members  to 
which  such  house  is  entitled. 

Sec.  23.  That  a  smaller  number  than  a  quorum  may  ad- 
journ from  day  to  day,  and  compel  the  attendance  of  absent 
members,  in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house 
may  provide. 

Sec.  24.  That,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  there 
is  a  quorum  present,  the  chairman  shall  count  the  number  of 
members  present. 


256 

PUNISHMENT   OF   PERSONS   NOT   MEMBERS. 

Sec.  25.  That  each  house  may  punish  by  fine,  or  by  imprison- 
ment not  exceeding  thirty  days,  any  person  not  a  member  of 
either  house  who  shall  be  guilty  of  disrespect  of  such  house  by 
any  disorderly  or  contemptuous  behavior  in  its  presence  or  that 
of  any  committee  thereof ;  or  who  shall,  on  account  of  the  exer- 
cise of  any  legislative  function,  threaten  harm  to  the  body  or 
estate  of  any  of  the  members  of  such  house;  or  who  shall  assault, 
arrest,  or  detain  any  witness  or  other  person  ordered  to  attend 
such  house,  on  his  way  going  to  or  returning  therefrom ;  or  who 
shall  rescue  any  person  arrested  by  order  of  such  house. 

But  the  person  charged  with  the  offense  shall  be  informed,  in 
writing,  of  the  charge  made  against  him,  and  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  present  evidence  and  be  heard  in  his  own  defense. 

COMPENSATION    OF    MEMBERS. 

Sec.  26.  That  the  members  of  the  legislature  shall  receive 
for  their  services,  in  addition  to  mileage  at  the  rate  of  ten  cents 
a  mile  each  way,  the  sum  of  six  hundred  dollars  for  each  regular 
session,  payable  in  three  equal  installments  on  and  after  the  first, 
thirtieth,  and  fiftieth  days  of  the  session,  and  the  sum  of  two 
hundred  dollars  for  each  special  session :  Provided,  That  they 
shall  receive  no  compensation  for  any  extra  session  held  under 
the  provisions  of  section  fifty-four  of  this  Act.  [As  amended 
by  s.  2,  Act  of  May  27,  1910;  36  Sts.  at  L.  443.] 

PUNISHMENT   OF    MEMBERS. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  house  may  punish  its  own  members  for 
disorderly  behavior  or  neglect  of  duty,  by  censure,  or  by  a  two- 
thirds  vote  suspend  or  expel  a  member. 

EXEMPTION   FROM   LIABILITY. 

Sec.  28.  That  no  member  of  the  legislature  shall  be  held 
to  answer  before  any  other  tribunal  for  any  words  uttered  in 
the  exercise  of  his  legislative  functions  in  either  house. 

exemption    FROM    ARREST, 

Sec.  29.  That  the  members  of  the  legislature  shall,  in  all 
cases  except  treason,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privi- 
leged from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  the 
respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same : 
Provided,  That  such  privilege  as  to  going  and  returning  shall 
not  cover  a  period  of  over  ten  days  each  way. 


257 

The  Senate. 

number  of  members. 

Sec.  30.  That  the  senate  shall  be  composed  of  fifteen  mem- 
bers, who  shall  hold  office  for  four  years :  Provided,  hoivever. 
That  of  the  senators  elected  at  the  first  general  election,  two 
from  the  first  district,  one  from  the  second,  three  from  the  third, 
and  one  from  the  fourth  district  shall  hold  office  for  two  years 
only,  the  details  of  such  apportionment  to  be  provided  for  by 
the  legislature. 

VACANCIES, 

Sec.  31.  That  vacancies  causd  by  death^  resignation,  or  other- 
wise shall  be  filled  for  the  unexpired  term  at  general  or  special 
elections. 

SENATORIAL    DISTRICTS. 

Sec.  32.  That  for  the  purpose  of  representation  in  the  senate, 
until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  Territory  is  divided  into  the 
following  senatorial  districts,  namely : 

First  district :     The  island  of  Hawaii. 

Second  district :  The  islands  of  Maui,  Molokai,  Lanai  and 
Kahoolawe. 

Third  district :     The  island  of  Oahu. 

Fourth  district :     The  islands  of  Kauai  and  Niihau. 

Sec.  33.  That  the  electors  in  the  said  districts  shall  be  en- 
titled to  elect  senators  as  follows : 

In  the  first  district,  four; 

In  the  second  district,  three; 

In  the  third  district,  six ; 

In  the  fourth  district,  two. 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  SENATORS. 

Sec.  34.  That  in  order  to  be  eligible  to  election  as  a  senator 
a  person  shall — • 

Be  a  male  citizen  of  the  United  States; 

Have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years; 

Have  resided  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  not  less  than  three 
years  and  be  qualified  to  vote  for  senators  in  the  district  from 
which  he  is  elected. 

The  House  of  Representatives. 

number  of  representatives. 

Sec  35.  That  the  house  of  representatives  shall  be  composed 
of  thirty  members,  elected,  except  as  herein  provided,  every 
second  year. 


258 

TERM   OF  OFFICE. 


Sec.  36.  That  the  term  of  ofifice  of  the  representatives  elected 
at  any  general  or  special  election  shall  be  until  the  next  general 
election  held  thereafter. 


VACANCIES. 

Sec.  37.  That  vacancies  in  the  office  of  representative  caused 
by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise  shall  be  filled  for  the  unex- 
pired term  at  special  elections. 

representative   DISTRICTS. 

Sec.  38.  That  for  the  purpose  of  representation  in  the  house 
of  representatives,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  Terri- 
tory is  divided  into  the  following  representative  districts,  namely  : 

First  district :  That  portion  of  the  island  of  Hawaii  known 
as  Puna,  Hilo,  and  Hamakua. 

Second  district :  That  portion  of  the  island  of  Hawaii  known 
as  Kau,  Kona,  and  Kohala. 

Third  district :  The  islands  of  Maui,  Molokai,  Lanai,  and 
Kahoolawe. 

Fourth  district :  That  portion  of  the  island  of  Oahu  lying 
east  and  south  of  Nuuanu  street  and  a  line  drawn  in  extension 
thereof  from  the  Nuuanu  Pali  to  Mokapu  Point, 

Fifth  district :  That  portion  of  the  island  of  Oahu  lying  west 
and  north  of  the  fourth  district. 

Sixth  district :     The  islands  of  Kauai  and  Niihau. 

APPORTIONMENT. 

Sec.  39.     That  the  electors  in  the  said  districts  shall  be  entitled 
to  elect  representatives  as  follows : 
In  the  first  district,  four; 
In  the  second  district,  four; 
In  the  third  district,  six ; 
In  the  fourth  district,  six ; 
In  the  fifth  district,  six; 
In  the  sixth  district,  four. 

QUALIFICATIONS    OF    REPRESENTATIVES. 

Sec.  40.     That  in  order  to  be  eligible  to  be  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  a  person  shall,  at  the  time  of  election — 
Have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-five  years ; 
Be  a  male  citizen  of  the  United  States; 


259 

Have  resided  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  not  less  than  three 
years ; 

And  shall  be  qualified  to  vote  for  representatives  in  the  dis- 
trict from  which  he  is  elected. 

Legislation. 

sessions  of  the  legislature. 

Sec.  41.  That  the  first  regular  session  of  the  legislature  shalf 
be  held  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  February,  nineteen  hundred 
and  one,  and  biennially  thereafter,  in  Honolulu. 

Sec.  42.  That  neither  house  shall  adjourn  during  any  session 
for  more  than  three  days,  or  sine  die,  without  the  consent  of  the 
other. 

Sec.  43.  That  each  session  of  the  legislature  shall  continue  not 
longer  than  sixty  days,  excluding  Sundays  and  holidays :  Pro- 
vided, hozvevcr,  That  the  governor  may  extend  such  session  for 
not  more  than  thirty  days. 

The  governor  may  convene  the  legislature,  or  the  senate  alone, 
in  special  session,  and  in  case  the  seat  of  government  shall  be 
unsafe  from  an  enemy,  riot,  or  insurrection,  or  any  dangerous 
disease,  direct  that  any  regular  or  special  session  shall  be  held  at 
some  other  than  the  regular  meeting  place. 

enacting    clause ENGLISH    LANGUAGE. 

Sec.  44.  That  the  enacting  clause  of  all  laws  shall  be,  "Be 
it  enacted  by  the  legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii." 

All  legislative  proceedings  shall  be  conducted  in  the  English 
language. 

TITLE  OF  LAWS. 

Sec.  45.  That  each  law  shall  embrace  but  one  subject,  which 
shall  be  expressed  in  its  title. 

READING   OF   BILLS. 

Sec.  46.  That  a  bill  in  order  to  become  a  law  shall,  except 
as  herein  provided,  pass  three  readings  in  each  house,  on  sep- 
arate days,  the  final  passage  of  which  in  each  house  shall  be  by 
a  majority  vote  of  all  the  members  to  which  such  house  is  en- 
titled, taken  by  ayes  and  noes  and  entered  upon  its  journal. 

CERTIFICATION    OF   BILLS    FROM    ONE    HOUSE   TO   THE   OTHER. 

Sec.  47.     That  every  bill  when  passed  by  the  house  in  which 


260 

it  originated,  or  in  which  amendments  thereto  shall  have  origi- 
nated, shall  immediately  be  certified  by  the  presiding  officer  and 
clerk  and  sent  to  the  other  house  for  consideration. 

SIGNING  BILLS. 

Sec.  48.  That,  except  as  herein  provided,  all  bills  passed  by 
the  legislature  shall,  in  order  to  be  valid,  be  signed  by  the  gov- 
ernor. 

VETO    OF    GOVERNOR. 

Sec.  49.  That  every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  legis- 
lature shall  be  certified  by  the  presiding  officers  and  clerks  of 
both  houses,  and  shall  thereupon  be  presented  to  the  governor. 
If  he  approves  it,  he  shall  sign  it,  and  it  shall  become  a  law. 
If  the  governor  does  not  approve  such  bill,  he  may  return  it, 
with  his  objections,  to  the  legislature. 

He  may  veto  any  specific  item  or  items  in  any  bill  which  appro- 
priates money  for  specific  purposes;  but  shall  veto  other  bills,  if 
at  all,  only  as  a  whole. 

procedure  upon  receipt  of  veto. 

Sec.  50.  That  upon  the  receipt  of  a  veto  message  from  the 
governor  each  house  of  the  legislature  shall  enter  the  same  at 
large  upon  its  journal  and  proceed  to  reconsider  such  bill,  or 
part  of  a  bill,  and  again  vote  upon  it  by  ayes  and  noes,  which 
shall  be  entered  upon  its  journal. 

If  after  such  reconsideration  such  bill,  or  part  of  a  bill,  shall 
be  approved  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  the  members  to  which 
each  house  is  entitled,  it  shall  thereby  become  law. 

FAILURE   TO   SIGN    OR   VETO. 

Sec.  51.  That  if  the  governor  neither  signs  nor  vetoes  a  bill 
within  ten  days  after  it  is  deliverd  to  him  it  shall  become  a  law 
without  his  signature,  unless  the  legislature  adjourns  sine  die 
prior  to  the  expiration  of  such  ten  days. 

If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  governor  within  ten 
days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to 
him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed 
it,  unless  the  legislature  by  their  adjournment  prevents  its  re- 
turn, in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

Sec.  52.     That  appropriations,  except  as  herein  otherwise  pro- 


261 

vided,  shall  be  made  by  the  legislature.  [As  amended  by  s.  3, 
Act  of  May  27,  1910 ;  36  Sts.  at  L.  443.] 

Sec.  53.  That  the  governor  shall  submit  to  the  legislature,  at 
each  regular  session,  estimates  for  appropriations  for  the  succeed- 
ing biennial  period. 

Sec.  54.  That  in  case  of  failure  of  the  legislature  to  pass 
appropriation  bills  providing  for  payments  of  the  necessary  cur- 
rent expenses  of  carrying  on  the  government  and  meeting  its 
legal  obligations  as  the  same  are  provided  for  by  the  then  exist- 
ing laws,  the  governor  shall,  upon  the  adjournment  of  the  legis- 
lature, call  it  in  extra  session  for  the  consideration  of  appropria- 
tion bills,  and  until  the  legislature  shall  have  acted  the  treasurer 
may,  with  the  advice  of  the  governor,  make  such  payments,  for 
which  purpose  the  sums  appropriated  in  the  last  appropriation 
bills  shall  be  deemed  to  have  been  reappropriated.  And  all  legis- 
lative and  other  appropriations  made  prior  to  the  date  when  this 
Act  shall  take  effect,  shall  be  available  to  the  government  of  the 
Territory  of  Hawaii. 

LEGISLATIVE    POWER. 

Sec.  55.  That  the  legislative  power  of  the  Territory  shall 
extend  to  all  rightful  subjects  of  legislation  not  inconsistent 
with  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  locally  ap- 
plicable. The  legislature,  at  its  first  regular  session  after  the 
census  enumeration  shall  be  ascertained,  and  from  time  to  time 
thereafter,  shall  reapportion  the  membership  in  the  senate  and 
house  of  representatives  among  the  senatorial  and  representative 
districts  on  the  basis  of  the  population  in  each  of  said  districts 
who  are  citizens  of  the  Territory;  but  the  legislature  shall  not 
grant  to  any  corporation,  association,  or  individual  any  special 
or  exclusive  privilege,  immunity,  or  franchise  without  the  ap- 
proval of  Congress;  nor  shall  it  grant  private  charters,  but  it 
may  by  general  act  permit  persons  to  associate  themselves  to- 
gether as  bodies  corporate  for  manufacturing,  agricultural,  and 
other  industrial  pursuits,  and  for  conducting  the  business  of  in- 
surance, savings  banks,  banks  of  discount  and  deposit  (but  not 
of  issue),  loan,  trust,  and  guaranty  associations,  for  the  estab- 
lishment and  conduct  of  cemeteries,  and  for  the  construction 
and  operation  of  railroads,  wagon  roads,  vessels,  and  irrigating 
ditches,  and  the  colonization  and  improvement  of  lands  in  con- 
nection therewith,  or  for  colleges,  seminaries,  churches,  libraries, 
or  any  other  benevolent,  charitable,  or  scientific  association : 
Provided,  That  no  corporation,  domestic  or  foreign,  shall  acquire 
and  hold  real  estate  in  Hawaii  in  excess  of  one  thousand  acres ; 
and  all  real  estate  acquired  or  held  by  such  corporation  or  asso- 
ciation contrary  hereto  shall  be   forfeited  and   escheat    to    the 


262 

United  States,  but  existing  vested  rights  in  real  estate  shall  not 
be  impaired.  No  divorce  shall  be  granted  by  the  legislature,  nor 
shall  any  divorce  be  granted  by  the  courts  of  the  Territory  unless 
the  applicant  therefor  shall  have  resided  in  the  Territory  for  two 
years  next  preceding  the  application,  but  this  provision  shall  not 
afifect  any  action  pending  when  this  Act  takes  effect ;  nor  shall  any 
lottery  or  sale  of  lottery  tickets  be  allowed;  nor  shall  spirituous 
or  intoxicating  liquors  be  sold  except  under  such  regulations  and 
restrictions  as  the  Territorial  legislature  shall  provide ;  nor  shall 
any  public  money  be  appropriated  for  the  support  or  benefit  of 
any  sectarian,  denominational,  or  private  school,  or  any  school  not 
under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  government ;  nor  shall  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii,  or  any  political  or  muni- 
cipal corporation  or  subdivision  of  the  Territory,  make  any  sub- 
scription to  the  capital  stock  of  any  incorporated  company,  or 
in  any  manner  lend  its  credit  for  the  use  thereof;  nor  shall  any 
debt  be  authorized  to  be  contracted  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  Terri- 
tory, or  any  political  or  municipal  corporation  or  subdivision 
thereof,  except  to  pay  the  interest  upon  the  existing  indebted- 
ness, to  suppress  insurrection,  or  to  provide  for  the  common  de- 
fense, except  that  in  addition  to  any  indebtedness  created  for 
such  purposes  the  legislature  may  authorize  loans  by  the  Ter- 
ritory, or  any  such  subdivision  thereof,  for  the  erection  of  penal, 
charitable,  and  educational  institutions,  and  for  public  build- 
ings, wharves,  roads,  harbor,  and  other  public  improvements, 
but  the  total  of  such  indebtedness  incurred  in  any  one  year  by 
the  Territory  or  any  such  subdivisions  shall  not  exceed  one  per 
centum  of  the  assessed  value  of  the  property  in  the  Territory 
or  subdivision,  respectively,  as  shown  by  the  then  last  assess- 
ments for  taxation,  whether  such  assessments  are  made  by  the 
Territory  or  the  subdivision  or  subdivisions,  and  the  total  in- 
debtedness of  the  Territory  shall  not  at  any  time  be  extended 
beyond  seven  per  centum  of  such  assessed  value  of  property  in 
the  Territory  and  the  total  indebtedness  of  any  such  subdivision 
shall  not  at  any  time  be  extended  beyond  three  per  centum  of 
such  assessed  value  of  property  in  the  subdivision,  but  nothing  in 
this  Act  shall  prevent  the  refunding  of  any  indebtedness  at  any 
time ;  nor  shall  any  such  loan  be  made  upon  the  credit  of  the 
public  domain  or  any  part  thereof;  nor  shall  any  bond  or  other 
instrument  of  any  such  indebtedness  be  issued  unless  made  pay- 
able in  not  more  than  thirty  years  from  the  date  of  the  issue 
'.hereof ;  nor  shall  any  such  bond  or  indebtedness  be  issued  or 
incurred  until  approved  by  the  President  of  the  United  States : 
Provided,  That  the  legislature  may  by  general  act  provide  for 
the  condemnation  of  property  for  public  uses,  including  the  con- 
demnation of  rights  of  way  for  the  transmission  of  water  for 
irrigation  and  other  purposes.  [As  amended  by  s.  4.  Act  of  May 
27,  1910;  36  Sts.  at  L.  443.] 


263 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  190L 

Senate. 

Began  February  20.  Ended  May  1. 

Sat  58  Days. 

N.  EUSSELL,  President  to  April  2. 

S.  E.  KAIUE,  Vice-President  to  April  2,  President  from  April  2. 

D.  KALAUOKALANI,  Vice-President  from  Apri  2. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  J.  T.  (I)  PARIS,  J.  D.   (R) 

KAOHI,  J.  B.    (I)  RUSSELL,   K    (I) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  P.    (R)  KAIUE,  S.   E.    (I) 

WHITE,  WM.   (I) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

ACHI,   W.   C.    (R)  CRABBE,   C.  L.    (R) 

BROWX,   CECIL    (R)  KALAUOKALANI,   D.    (I) 

CARTER,   GEO.   R.    (R)  KANUHA,   D.    (I) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

KAHILINA,  I.  H.    (I)  NAKAPAAHU,  L.    (I) 

E.  CAYPLESS,  Cleric. 

House  of  Representatives. 

J.  A.  AKINA,  Speaker. 
F.  W.  BECKLEY,  Vice-Speal-er. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

EWALIKO,  J.    (I)  MAKEKAU,  R.   H.    (D  I) 

HAAHEO,    S.    H.    (D    I)  NAILIMA,  W.   B.    (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

KANIHO,  H.  M.    (B)  KELIIKOA,  J.  W.   (D  I) 

KEKAULA,  J.  K.    (D)  MONSARRAT,  J.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

AHULII,  J.  (I)  HIHIO,  J.   K.    (I) 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.    (I)  KAUIMAKAOLE,  G.  P.   (I) 

DICKEY,  C.  H.    (R)  KAWAIHOA,  S.    (I) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

AYLETT,  R.  W.   (R)  KEIKI,  J.  W.  K.   (R) 

GILFILLAN,   A.   F.    (R)  KUMALAE,  J.    (R) 

HOOGS,  W.  H.  (R)  ROBERTSON,  A.  G.  M.   (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

EMMELUTH,  J.    (I)  MOSSMAN,  W.  F.    (I) 

MAHOE,   S.   K.    (I)  PAELE,  J.  K.   (I) 

MAKAINAI,  J.  P.   (D  I)  PRENDERGAST,  J.  K.   (I) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

AKINA,  J.  A.    (I)  PUUKI,  R.    (D) 

KAAUWAI,  I.  K.   (I)  WILCOX,  S.  W.   (R) 

SOLOMON   MEHEULA,   Clerk. 


264 


PROCLAMATION 


Whereas,  the  Legislature  at  its  regular  session  of  1901,  has 
failed  to  pass  appropriation  bills  providing  for  payments  of  the 
necessary  current  expenses  of  carrying  on  the  Government  and 
meeting  its  legal  obligations  : 

I,  Sanford  B.  Dole,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii,  by 
Adrtue  of  the  authority  in  me  vested  by  law,  hereby  call  the 
Legislature  to  meet  in  extra  session  for  the  consideration  of  ap- 
propriation bills  for  the  coming  biennial  period,  on  Wednesday, 
the  eighth  day  of  May,  A.  D.  Nineteen  hundred  and  one. 

In  Witness  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name  and 
caused  the  Great  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  to  be  hereto 
affixed. 

Done  at  the  Capitol  in  Honolulu  this  1st  day  of  May,  A.  D. 
1901. 

(Seal)  (Sgd.)    SANFORD  B.  DOLE. 

By  the  Governor: 

(Sgd.)    HENRY  E.  COOPER, 

Secretary  of  the  Territory. 


265 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Extra  Session  of  1901. 

Senate. 

Began  May  8.  Ended  July  29. 

Sat  56  Days. 

S.  E.  KAIUE,  President. 
D.  KALAUOKALANI,   Vice-President. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

BEOWN,   J.   T.    (I)  PARIS,  J.   D.    (R) 

KAOHI,  J.  B.    (1)  RUSSELL,  X.   ^;i; 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,    H.   P.    (R)  KAIUE,  S.  E.    (I) 

WHITE,   WILLIAM    (I) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

ACHI,   W.   C.    (R)  CRABBE,  C.  L.   (R) 

BROWN,   CECIL    (R)  KALAUOKALANI,   D.    (I) 

CARTER,   G.  R.    (R)  KANUHA,  D.   (I) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

KAHILINA,  L  H.    (I)  NAKAPAAHU,  L.    (I) 

E.  CAYPLESS,  Clerk. 

House  of  Representatives. 

Sat  69  Days. 

J.   A.   AKINA,  Speaker. 

F.  W.  BECKLEY,   Fice-Speaker. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

EWALIKO,  J.    (I)  MAKEKAU,  R.  H.   (D  I) 

HAAHEO,  S.  K.   (D  I)  NAILIMA,  W.   B.    (D) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

KANIHO,   H.   M.    (D)  KELIIKOA,  J.  W.    (D  I) 

KEKAULA,  J.  K.    (D)  MONSARRAT,  J.   (R) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

AHULII,  J.    (I)  HIHIO,  J.  K.    (I) 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.   (I)  KAUIMAKAOLE,  G.  P.   (I) 

DICKEY,  C.  H.   (R)  KAWAIHOA,  S.    (I) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

AYLETT,  R.   W.    (R)  KEIKI,  J.  W.  K.   (R) 

GILFILLAN,  A.  F.   (R)  KUMALAE,  J.    (R) 

HOOGS,  W.  H.    (R)  ROBERTSON,  A.  G.  M.  (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

EMMELUTH,  J.   (I)  MOSSMAN,  W.  F.    (I) 

MAHOE,   S.  K.    (I)  PAELE,  J.  K.    (I) 

MAKAINAI,  J.  P.   (D  I)  PRENDERGAST,  .J.  K.   (1) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

AKINA,  J.  A.    (I)  PUUKI,  R.   (D) 

KAAUWAI,  I.  K.   (I)  WILCOX,  S.  W.    (R) 

SOLOMON   MEHEULA,   Clerk. 


PROCLAMATION 


I,  Sanford  B.  Dole,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii,  by- 
virtue  of  the  authority  in  me  vested  by  law,  hereby  convene  the 
Senate  in  Special  Session  on  Thursday,  the  Twentieth  day  of 
November,  A.  D.  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Two,  for  the  consider- 
ation of  such  public  business  as  may  be  brought  before  it. 

In  Testimony  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and 
caused  the  seal  of  the  Territory  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  Capitol  in  Honolulu  this  Tenth  day  of  November, 
A.  D.  1902. 

(Seal)  SANFORD  B.  DOLE. 

By  the  Governor : 

HENRY  E.  COOPER, 

Secretary  of  the  Territory. 


This  Special  Session  of  the  Senate  was  called  for  the  purpose 
of  removing  from  office,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate,  the  Auditor  and  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Works 
of  the  Territory. 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Special  Session  of  the  Senate,   1902. 

Began  November  20.  Ended  December  6. 

Sat  12  Days. 

C.    L.    CRABBE,   President. 
J.  D.  PARIS,  Vice-President. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

BROWN,   J.   T.    (I)  PARIS,  J.  D.    (R) 

KAOHI,  J.  B.    (I)  WOODS,  P.   P.    (D) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  p.    (R)  DK'KEY,  C.   H.    (R) 

KAIUE,   S.   E.    (I) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

ACHI,  W.  C.    (R)  ISENBERG,  D.  P.  R.    (R) 

BROWN,  CECIL   (R)  KALAUOKALANI,   D.    (I) 

CRABBE,  C.   L.    (R)  McCANDLESS,  L.  L.    (R) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

NAKAPAAHU,  L.  (I)  WILCOX,   S.   W.    (R) 

WILLIAM   SAVIDGE,   Secretary. 


267 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1903. 

Senate. 

Began  February  18.  Ended  April  28. 

Sat  60  Days. 

C.  -L.  CRABBE,  President. 
J.  D.  PARIS,  Vice-President. 

FIRST   DISTKICT. 

BROWN,   J.   T.    (I)  PARIS,   J.  D.    (R) 

KAOHI,   J.   B.    (I)  WOODS,  P.  P.    (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  P.   (R)  DICKEY,   C.   H.    (R) 

KAIUE,  S.  E.    (I) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

ACHI,  W.  C.  (R)  ISENBERCt,  D.  P.  R.   (R) 

BROWN,  CECIL   (R)  KALAUOKALANI,  D.   (I) 

CRABBE,  C.  L.   (R)  McCANDLESS,  L.  L.    (R) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT, 

NAKAPAAHU,  L.    (I)  WILCOX,  S.  W.   (R) 

WILLIAM  SAVIDGE,  ClerJc. 

House  of  Representatives. 

F.  W.  BECKLEY,  SpeaJcer. 
E.  A.  KNUDSEN,  Vice-SpeaJcer. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

FERNANDEZ,  A.   (H  R)  LEWIS,  J.  D.    (R) 

KEALAWAA,  M.  K.  (H  R)  PURDY,  W.  N.   (H  R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

GREENWELL,  F.   R.    (R)  PULA'A,   C.   H.    (R) 

KANIHO,  H.  M.   (H  R)  WRIGHT,  W.  J.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.   (H  R)  KELIINOI,  S.   (R) 

HAIA,  W.  P.   (R)  NAKALEKA,  J.   (R) 

KALAMA,  S.  E.  (R)  PALI,  P.    (R) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

ANDRADE,  F.   (R)  HARRIS,  W.  W.   (R) 

AYLETT,  R.  W.   (R)  KUMALAE,  J.    (R) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  S.  F.  (R)  LONG,  C.  A.    (R) 

FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

DAMIEN,  D.    (H  R)  OILI,  S.  K.   (H  R) 

KOU,  M.  K.   (H  R)  PAELE,  J.  K.   (H  R) 

KUPIHEA,  D.    (I)  VIDA,  H.  C.   (R) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

GANDALL,   J.   K.    (R)  KAILI,  S.  K.   (R) 

JAEGER,  H.  A.    (R)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.    (R) 

SOLOMON  MEHEULA,  ClerJc. 


PROCLAMATION 


Whereas,  the  Legislature  at  its  regular  session  of  1903,  has 
failed  to  pass  appropriation  bills  providing  for  payments  of  the 
necessary  current  expenses  of  carrying  on  the  Government  and 
meeting  its  legal  obligations ; 

I,  Sanford  B.  Dole,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii, 
by  virtue  of  the  authority  in  me  vested  by  law,  hereby  call  the 
Legislature  to  meet  in  extra  session  for  the  consideration  of  ap- 
propriation bills  for  the  coming  biennial  period,  on  Thursday, 
the  thirtieth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Three. 

Ik  Testimony  \\^hereof,  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name 
and  caused  the  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  to  be  hereto 
affixed. 

Done  at  the  Capitol  in  Honolulu,  this  29th  dav  of  April, 
A.  D.  1903. 

(Seal)  *  SANFORD  B.  DOLE. 

By  the  Governor : 

G.  R.  CARTER, 

Secretary  of  the  Territory. 


269 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Extra  Session  of  1903. 

Senate. 

Began  April  30.  -  Ended  July  11 

Sat  60  Days. 

C.  L.  CEABBE,  President. 
J.  D.  PAEIS,   rice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BEOWN,  J.  T.   (I)  PAEIS,  J.  D.   (E) 

KAOHI,  J.  B.  (I)  WOODS,  P.  P.  (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,   H.   P.    (E)  DICKEY,  C.  H.   (E) 

KAIUE,  S.  E.   (I) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

ACHI,   W.   C.    (E)  ISENBEEG,  D.  P.  E.    (E) 

BEOWN,   CECIL    (E)  KALAUOKALANI,  D.   (I) 

CEABBE,  C.  L.    (E)  McCANDLESS,  L.  L.    (R) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

NAKAPAAHU,  L.    (I)  WILCOX,  S.  W.   (E) 

WILLIAM  SAVIDGE,  Clerh. 

House  of  Representatives. 

F.  W.  BECKLEY,  Speaker, 
E.  A.  KNUDSEN,  rice-Speal-er. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

FEENANDEZ,  A.   (H  E)  LEWIS,  J.  D.    (E) 

KEALAWAA,  M.  K.  (II  E)  PUEDY,   W.    N.    (II   E) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

GEEENWELL,  F.  E.   (R)  PULAA,  C.  H.    (E) 

KANIHO,  H.  M.   (H  E)  WEIGHT,  W.  J.   (E) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.  (H  E)  KELIINOI,   S.    (E) 

HAIA,   W.   P.    (E)  NAKALEKA,  J.   (E) 

KALAMA,  S.  E.   (E)  PALI,  P.   (E) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

ANDEADE,  F.    (E)  HAEEIS,  W.  W.   (E) 

AYLETT,  E.  W.   (E)  KUMALAE,  J.    (E) 

CHILLINGWOETH,  S.  F.    (E)  LONG,  C.  A.  (E) 

FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

DAMIEN,  D.    (H  E)  OILI,  S.  K.   (H  E) 

KOU,  M.  K.   (H  E)  PAELE,  J.  K.  (H  E) 

KUPIHEA,  D.   (I)  VIDA,  H.  C.    (E) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

GANDALL,  J.  K.   (E)  KAILI,  S.  K.    (E) 

JAEGER,  H.  A.    (E)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.  (E) 

SOLOMON  MEHEULA,  ClerTc. 


PROCLAMATION 


I,  George  R.  Carter,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii, 
by  virtue  of  the  authority  in  me  vested  by  law,  hereby  convene 
the  Legislature  in  Special  Session  on  Wednesday,  the  Sixth  of 
April,  A.  D.  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Four,  for  the  consideration 
of  such  financial  measures  as  may  be  brought  before  it. 

In  Testimony  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto- set  my  hand  and 
caused  the  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Halwaii  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  Capitol  in  Honolulu,  this  twenty-first  day  of 
March,  A.  D.  1904. 

(Seal)  G.  R.  CARTER. 

By  the  Governor : 

A.  L.  C.  ATKINSON, 

Secretary  of  Hawaii. 


271 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Extra  Session  of  1904. 

Senate. 

Began  April  6.  Ended  April  19. 

Sat  12  Days. 

C.  L.  CEABBE,  President. 
J.  D.  PAEIS,  rice-President. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

BEOWN,  J.   T.    (I)  PAEIS,  J.   D.    (E) 

KAOHI,  J.  B.    (I)  WOODS,  P.  P.  (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  P.   (E)  DICKEY,  C.  H.    (E) 

KAIUE,   S.   E.    (I) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

ACHI,  W.  C.  (E)  ISENBEEG,  D.  P.  E.  (E) 

BEOWN,  CECIL   (E)  KALAUOKALANI,  D.  (I) 

CEABBE,  C.  L.    (E)  McCANDLESS,  L.  L.    (E) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

NAKAPAAHU,  L.    (I)  WILCOX,  S.  W.  (E) 

WILLIAM  SAVIDGE,  CJerl;. 

House  of  Representatives. 

F.   W.   BECKLEY,   Speaker. 
E.  A.  KNUDSEN,  Vice-Speaker. 

FIRST   DISTRICT. 

FEENANDEZ,  A.    (H  E)  LEWIS,  J.  D.    (E) 

KEALAWAA,  M.  K.    (HE)  PUEDY,  W.  N.  (H  E) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

GEEENWELL,  F.  E.   (E)  PULAA,  C.   H.    (E) 

KANIHO,  H.  M.   (H  R)  WEIGHT,  W.  J.   (E) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.   (H  E)  KELIINOI,  S.   (E) 

HAIA,  W.  P.   (E)  NAKALEKA,  J.   (E) 

KALAMA,  S.  E.   (E)  PALI,  P.   (E) 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

ANDEADE,  F.  (E)  HAEEIS,  W.  W.  (E) 

AYLETT,  E.  W.  (E)  KUMALAE,  J.  (E) 

CHILLINGWOETH,  S.  F.  (E)     LONG,  C.  A.  (E) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

DAMIEN,  D.    (H  E)  OILI,  S.   K.    (H  E) 

KOU,  M.  K.   (H  E)  PAELB,  J.  K.   (H  E) 

KUPIHEA,  D.  (I)  VIDA,  H.  C.   (E) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

GANDALL,  J.  K.   (E)  KAILT,   S.  K.    (E) 

JAEGEE,  H.  A.    (E)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.   (E) 

JOHN  H.   WISE,   Clerk. 


272 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1905. 

Senate. 

Began  February  15.  Ended  April  26. 

Sat  60  Days. 

D.  P.  E.  ISENBEEG,  President. 
J.  D.  PARIS,   Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BEOWN,  J.  T.   (R)  PARIS,  J.  D.   (R) 

HEWITT,  G.  C.    (R)  WOODS,  P.   P.    (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

DICKEY,  C.   H.    (R)  HAYSELDEN,  A.   N.    (R) 

KALAMA,  S.  E.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

ACHI,   W.   C.    (R)  ISENBERG,  D.  P.  R.  (R) 

BISHOP,   E.   F.    (R)  LANE,  J.  C.    (R) 

DOWSETT,  J.  M.   (R)  McCANDLESS,  L.  L.    (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

GANDALL,  J.  K.   (R)  WILCOX,  S.  W.    (R) 

WILLIAM  SAVIDGE,  Cleric. 

House  of  Representatives. 

E.  A.  KNUDSEN,  Speaker. 
O.  P.  COX,   Vice-Speaker. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

FERNANDEZ,  A.   (R)  SHIPMAN,  W.  H.   (R) 

LEWIS,  J.  D.    (R)  SMITH,  C.  S.*   (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

GREENWELL,   F.   R.    (R)  KANIHO,  H.  M.   (H  R) 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  PULAA,  C.   H.    (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

COELHO,  W.  J.    (R)  KALINO,   J.    (R) 

COPP,  G.    (R)  NAKUINA,  M.  K.   (R) 

HAIA,  W.  P.   (R)  PALI,  P.   (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

ANDRADE,  F.    (R)  LILIKALANI,   E.   K.    (R) 

AYLETT,  R.  W.   (R)  LONG,  C.  A.   (R) 

HARRIS,   W.   W.    (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.   (R) 

FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

BROAD,   C.    (R)  KALEIOPU,  A.  S.  (R) 

COX,  O.  P.   (R)  MAHELONA,  S.   (R) 

KALAWAIA,  T.  H.   (R)  WATERHOUSE,  F.   T.  P.   (R) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

KNUDSEN,  E.   A.    (R)  RICE.  C.  A.  (R) 

MAHIKOA,  G.  W.    (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.   (R) 

D.  KALAUOKALANI,  Clerk. 


Name  changed  to  Carlsmith  iu  1911. 


PROCLAMATION 


Whereas  the  Legislature,  at  its  regular  session  of  1905,  has 
failed  to  pass  appropriation  bills  providing  for  payments  of  the 
necessary  current  expenses  of  carrying  on  the  Government  and 
meeting  its  legal  obligations; 

I,  George  R.  Carter,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii,  by 
virtue  of  the  authority  in  me  vested  by  law,  hereby  call  the  Leg- 
islature to  meet  in  extra  session  for  the  consideration  of  appro- 
priation bills  for  the  coming  biennial  period,  on  Monday,  the 
first  day  of  May,  A.  D.  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Five. 

In  Testimony  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name 
and  caused  the  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  to  be  hereto 
affixed. 

Done  at  the  Executive  Building,  in  Honolulu,  this  27th 
day  of  April,  A.  D.  1905. 

(Seal)  G.  R.   CARTER. 

By  the  Governor : 

Secretary  of  Hawaii. 


18 


274 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Extra  Session  of  1905. 

Senate. 

Began  May  L  Ended  May  29. 

Sat  25  Days. 

D.  P.  K.  ISENBERG,  President. 
J.  D.  PARIS,  Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  J.  T.   (R)  PARIS,  J.  D.   (R) 

HEWITT,  G.  C.  (R)  WOODS,  P.  P.   (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

DICKEY,  C.  H.    (R)  HAYSELDEN,  A.  N.  (R) 

KALAMA,  S.  E.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

ACHI,  W.  C.   (R)  ISENBERG,  D.  P.  -R.    (R) 

BISHOP,  E.  F.   (R^  LANE,  J.  C.    (R) 

DOWSETT.  J.  M.   (R)  McCANDLESS,  L.  L.    (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

GANDALL,  J.  K.   (R)  WILCOX,  S.  W.    (R) 

WILLIAM  SAVIDGE,  CJcrl: 

House  of  Representatives. 

E.  A.  KNUDSEN,   Speaker. 
O.  P.  COX,   Vice-Spealcer. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

FERNANDEZ,  A.   (R)  SHIPMAN,  W.  H.    (R) 

LEWIS,  J.  D.    (R)  SMITH,  C.  S.    (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

GREENWELL,   F.  R.    (R)  KANIHO,  H.  M.   (H   S) 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  PULAA,  C.  H.   (R) 


THIRD   DISTRICT. 


COELHO,  W.  J.    (R)  KALINO,  J.   (R) 

COPP,  G.   (R)  NAKUINA,  M.  K.   (R)" 

HAIA,  W.  P.   (R)  PALI,  P.   (R) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

ANDRADE,  F.   (R)  LILIKALANI,   E.   K.    (R) 

AYLETT,  R.  W.   (R)  LONG,  C.  A.    (R) 

HARRIS,  W.  W.   (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.  (R) 

FIFTH  DISTRICT. 

BROAD,  C.    (R)  KALEIOPU,  A.  S.   (R) 

COX,  O.  P.   (R)  MAHELONA,  S.   (R) 

KALAWAIA,  T.  H.   (R)  WATERHOUSE,  F.  T.  P.    (R) 

SIXTH  DISTRICT. 

KNUDSEN,  E.  A.  (R)  RICE,  C.  A.   (R) 

MAHIKOA,  G.  W.   (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.   (R) 


D.  KALAUOKALANI,  Cleric. 


275 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1907. 

Senate. 

Began  February  20.  Ended  May   1. 

Sat  60  Days. 

E.  F.  BISHOP,  President. 
S.  E.  KALAMA,  rice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  J.   T.    (R)  MAKEKAU,  R.  H.   (D) 

HEWITT,  G.  C.    (R)  WOODS,  P.  P.   (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

COELHO,  W.  J.    (R)  HAYSELDEN,  A.  N.   (R) 

KALAMA,  S.  E.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

BISHOP,  E.  F.   (R)  LANE,  J.   C.   (R) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R)  McCARTHY,  C.  J.   (D) 

DOWSETT,  J.  M.   (R)  SMITH,  W.  O.   (R) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

GANDALL,  J.  K.   (R)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.    (R) 

WILLIAM   SAVIDGE,   CJerl:. 

House  of  Representatives. 

H.   L.   HOLSTEIN,   SpeaJcer. 
C.  A.  RICE,  Fice-SpeaJcer. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

AKAU,   C.  K.    (R)  MOANAULI,  J.  W.  (R) 

KAHANA,  S.  K  .(D)  NAILIMA,  W.  B.,  Jr.   (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

ALAWA,  D.  (D)  KANIHO,  H.  M.  (D) 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  KEOULI,  J.  M.   (D) 


THIRD   DISTRICT. 


GOMES,  A.  J.   (R)  NAKALEKA,  J.  K.  (R) 

JOSEPH,  L.   (R)  PALI,  P.  (R) 

KALUNA,  J.   (R)  WAIWAIOLE,  M.  P.   (R) 


FOURTH   DISTRICT. 


CASTRO,  A.  D.   (R)  LONG,  E.  A.  C.  (R) 

HUGHES,  J.  A.  (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.   (R) 

KALEO,  J.  H.  S.  (R)  RAWLINS,  W.  T.   (R) 


FIFTH   DISTRICT. 


CORREA,  S.  P.  (R)  LELETWI.  W.  K.   (R) 

KALANI,  J.  (R)  MAHOE,  S.  K.  (D) 

KALEIOPU,  A.  S.  (R)  PAOO,  J.  L.   (R) 


SIXTH   DISTRICT. 


CONEY,  J.  H.   (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.   (R) 

RICE,  C.  A.   (R)  SILVA,  J.  I.  (R) 

JOHN   H.   WISE,   Cleric. 


276 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1909. 

Senate. 

Began  February  17.  Ended  April  28. 

Sat  60  Days. 

W.  O.  SMITH,  President. 
S.  E.  KALAMA,  Ykr-Prcsideiit. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BAKER,  D.    (D)  MAKEKAU,  E.  H.   (D) 

BROWN,  J.  T.   (R)  WOODS,  P.  P.   (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

COELHO,  W.  J.  (R)  KALAMA,  S.  E.  (R) 

ROBINSON,  W.   T.    (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

chilling  worth,  c.  f.  (r)        moore,  h.  t.  (d) 
harvey,  f.  r.  (d)  quinn,  e.  w.  (r) 

McCarthy,  c.  j.  (D)  smith,  w.  o.  (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

FAIRCHILD,  G.  H.    (R)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.  (R) 

WILLIAM  SAVIDGE,  Clerl: 

House  of  Representatives. 

H.  L.  HOLSTEIN,  Speaker. 
C.  A.  RICE,  Vice-Speaker. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

AFFONSO,  G.  F.  (R)  KEALAWAA,  M.  K.  (D) 

FURTADO,  M.  T.  (D)  MOANAULI,  J.  W.  (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN.  H.  L.   (R)  KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.   (H  R) 

KANIHO,  H.  M.  (H  R)  MAKEKAU,  M.  K.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

CARLEY,  E.  B.    (R)  NAKALEKA,  J.  (R) 

HIHIO,  J.  K.  (R)  NAWAHINE,  R.  J.  K.   (D) 

KAWAAKOA,  J.  W.   (R)  WAIWAIOLE,  M.  P.   (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

CASTRO,   A.   D.    (R)  KAMANOULU,  J.  K.  (R) 

COHEN,  J.  C.    (R)  LONG,  E.  A.  C.   (R) 

DOUTHITT,  E.  A.   (R)  SHINGLE,  R.  W.   (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

CORREA,  S.  P.   (R)  KAMAHU,  D.  (D) 

KALEIOPU,  A.  S.   (R)  KINNEY,  R.   (R) 

KAMA,  D.  K.  (R)  LIKE,  E.  L.   (D) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.   (R)  RICE,  C.  A.   (R) 

HUDDY,  G.  H.  (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.   (R) 


EDWARD  WOODWARD,  Clerk. 


PROCLAMATION 


I,  Walter  F.  Frear,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii, 
hereby  convene  the  Legislature  in  special  session  on  Tuesday,  the 
second  day  of  November,  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Nine,  for  the 
consideration  of  proposed  amendments  of  the  Organic  Act. 

In  Witness  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused 
the  Great  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  Capitol  in  Honolulu  this  nineteenth  day  of  October, 
Nineteen  Hundred  and  Nine. 

(Seal)  (Signed)    WALTER  F.  FREAR. 


278 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Special  Session  of  1909. 

Senate. 

Began  November  2.  Ended  November  6. 

Sat  5  Days. 

W.  O.  SMITH,  President. 
S.  E.  KALAMA,  Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BAKER,  D.    (D)  MAKEKAU,  R.  H.   (D) 

BROWN,  J.   T.    (R)  WOODS,  P.  P.    (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

COELHO,   W.   J.    (R)  KALAMA,  S.  E.   (R) 

ROBINSON,  W.   T.    (R) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

chillingworth,  c.  f.  (r)        moore,  h.  t.  (d) 
harvey,  f.  r.  (d)  quinn,  e.  w.  (r) 

McCarthy,  c.  j.  (D)  smith,  w.  o.  (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

FAIRCHILD,  G.  H.   (R)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.    (R) 

JOHN  H.  WISE,  Clerl: 
House  of  Representatives. 

H.  L.  HOLSTEIN,  Speaker. 
C.  A.  RICE,  rice-Speaker. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

AFFONSO,  G.  F.  (R)  KEALAWAA,  M.  K.  (D) 

FURTADO,  M.  T.  (D)  MOANAULI,  J.  W.  (R) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.   (H  R) 

KANIHO,  H.  M.  (H  R)  MAKEKAU,  M.  K.    (R) 


THIRD   DISTRICT. 


CARLEY,  E.  B.    (R)  NAKALEKA,  J.   (R) 

HIHIO,  J.  K.   (R)  NAWAHINE,  R.  J.  K.  (D) 

KAWAAKOA,  J.  W.   (R)  WAIWAIOLE,   M.   P.    (R) 


FOURTH    DISTRICT. 


CASTRO,  A.  D.   (R)  KAMANOULU,  J.  K.  (R) 

COHEN,  J.  C.   (R)  LONG,  E.  A.  C.   (R) 

DOUTHITT,  E.  A.   (R)  SHINGLE,  R.  W.   (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

CORREA,   S.   p.    (R)  KAMAHU,  D.   (D) 

KALEIOPU,  A.  S.   (R)  KINNEY,  R.    (R) 

KAMA,  D.  K.   (R)  LIKE,  E.  L.    (D) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.  (R)  RICE,  C.  A.   (R) 

HUDDY,  G.  H.   (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.   (R) 

EDWARD  WOODWARD,  Clerk. 


279 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  191  L 

Senate. 

Began  February  15.  Ended  April  26. 

Sat  60  Days. 

E.  A.  KNUDSEN,  President. 
S.  E.  KALAMA,  Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BAKER,  D.  K.   (D)  HEWITT,  G.   C.    (R) 

BROWN,  J.  T.  (R)  MAKEKAU,  R.  H.  (D) 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

KALAMA.  S.  E.   (R)  PALI,    P.    (R) 

ROBINSON,  W.   T.    (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  CECIL   (R)  KALEIOPU,  A.  S.  (R) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R)  MOORE,  H.  T.*   (D) 

JUDD,  A.  F.  (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.   (R) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 
FAIRCHILD,  G.  F.  (R)  KNUDSEN,  E.  A.  (R) 

JOHN  H.  WISE,  ClerJc. 


Excused  for  session  on  account  of  illness. 

House  of  Representatives. 

H.  L.  HOLSTEIN,  Speaker. 

C.  A.  RICE,  Vice-SpeaJcer. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

AFFONSO,  G.  F.  (R)  MOANAULI,  J.  W.  (R) 

HALE,  J.  P.    (R)  RICKARD,  H.  S.    (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  MAKEKAU.  M.  K.    (R) 

KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.   (H  R)  YATES,  J.  R.    (D) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

COCKETT,  JOS.   (R)  KELIINOI,  S.   (R) 

COOKE,  G.  P.   (R)  TAVARES,  A.  F.   (R) 

KAWAAKOA,  J.  W.   (R)  WAIAHOLO,  E.  (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

KAMANOULU,  J.  K.   (R)  TOWSE,  ED.   (R) 

LONG,  E.  A.  C.    (R)  WATKINS,  N.    (R) 

MARCALLINO,  A.  L.  (R)  WILLIAMSON,  W.   (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

ARCHER,  F.  K.  (R)  FERNANDEZ,  E.  K.   (R) 

CASTLE,  A.  L.  (R)  KANEKOA,  C.    (R) 

CORREA,  S.  P.  (R)  MAHOE,  S.  K.   (R) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.   (R)  RICE,  C.  A.  (R) 

HUDDY,  G.  H.   (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.   (R) 

EDWARD  WOODWARD,  ClerJc. 


280 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1913. 

Senate. 

egan  February  19.  Ended  April  30. 

Sat  60  Days. 

E.  A.   KNUDSEN,  President. 

E.  H.  MAKEKAU,  Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BAKER,  D.  K.   (D)  MAKEKAU,  R.  H.   (D) 

HEWITT,  G.   C*    (R)  METZGER,  D.  E.  (D) 

WOODS,  J.  F.*i   (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  A.  (R)  PALI,  P.  (R) 

PENHALLOW,  H.  B.  (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  CECIL   (R)  lAUKEA,  C.  P.   (D) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R)  JUDD,  A.   F.    (R) 

COKE,  J.  L.   (D)  WIRTZ,  A.  J.   (D) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

KNUDSEN,  E.  A.   (R)  RICE,  C.  A.   (R) 

JOHN  H.  WISE,  Cleric. 


*  Died  March  9. 
*1  Vice  Hewitt,   deceased.     Seated   April  24. 

House  of  Representatives. 
H.  L.   HOLSTEIN,   Speaker. 
J.  H.  CONEY,  Vice-Speaker. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

HUDDY,  G.  H.   (R)  LYMAN,  N.  K.  (R) 

IRWIN,  A.  (D)  SILVA,  E.  da    (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.  (R)  KAUPIKO,  D.  K.  (R) 

KAAUA,  E.  K.   (R)  KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.   (H  R) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

COOKE,  G.  P.  (R)  TAVARES,  A.  F.  (R) 

GOODNESS,  P.  J.   (R)  WAIAHOLO,  E.  (R) 

MAKEKAU,  C.  K.   (R)  WILCOX,  J.   (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

ASCH,  .L  W.  (D)  PAXSON,  S.  S.   (D) 

COOKE,  C.  H.   (R)  ROBERTSON,  A.   (D) 

KINSLEA,  W.  R.   (D)  WATKINS,  N.  (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

KALAKIELA,  J.  S.   (D)  McCANDLESS,  E.  J.   (D) 

KANIHO.  H.  M.   (D)  PAELE,  J.  K.   (D) 

KUPIHEA,  D.   (D)  POEPOE,  J.  M.*    (D) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

CONEY.  J.  H.  (R)  SHELDON,  W.  J.  (R) 

LOTA,  J.  K.  (R)  SPALDING,  R.  P.  (R) 


Died   April   10. 

EDWARD   WOODWARD,   Clerk. 


281 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1915. 

Senate. 

Began  February  17.  Ended  April  28. 

Sat  60  Days. 

C.    F.    CHILLINGWORTH,    President. 
R.  H.  MAKEKAU,   rice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

BAKER,  D.  K.  (D)  MAKEKAU.  R.  H.   (D) 

DESHA,   S.   L.    (R)  METZGER,  D.  E.   (  D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  .\.  (R)  PENHALLOW,  H.  B.  (R) 

ROBINSON,  W.   T.    (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

CASTLE,  A.  L.    (R)  lAUKEA,  C.   P.    (D) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.  (R) 

COKE,  J.  L.   (D)  WIRTZ,  A.  J.  (D) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

MIKAELE,  M.  A.    (D)  RICE,  C.  A.    (R) 

A.  E.  LLOYD,  Clerk  to   April   10. 
CLAUS  ROBERTS,  Clerk  from  April  11. 

House  of  Representatives. 

H.  L.   HOLSTEIN,   Speaker. 
J.  H.  CONEY,  Vice-Spealer. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

HALE,  J.  P.  (R)  LYMAN,  N.  K.   (R) 

HUDDY,  G.  H.   (R)  SILVA,  E.  da   (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.  (R) 

KAUPIKO,  D.  K.   (R)  MAKEKAU,  M.  K.   (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

CROCKETT,  W.  F.   (R)  NAWAHINE,  R.  J.  K.  (R) 

GARCIA,  A.   (R)  TAVARES,  A.  F.  (R) 

GOODNESS,  P.  J.   (R)  WAIAHOLO,  E.  (R) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  C.  H.   (R)  RAWLINS,  W.  T.   (R) 

COOKE,  C.  H.   (R)  WATKINS,  N.   (R) 

ISENBERG,  D.  P.  R.  (R)  WILLIAMSON,  W.   (R) 

FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

AIU,   E.  K.    (R)  FERNANDEZ,   E.   K.    (R) 

CRAWFORD,  E.  J.    (R)  KUPIHEA,  D.  M.   (D) 

CRAWFORD,  W.  H.   (R)  VIEIRA,  H.   (R) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.   (R)  KULA,  J.  K.   (R) 

FASSOTH,  J.    (R)  LOTA,  J.  K.   (R) 

EDWARD    WOODWARD,    Clerk. 


282 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Session  of  1917. 

Senate. 

Began  February  21.  Ended  May  2. 

Sat  60  Days. 

C.  F.  CHILLINGWOETH,  President. 
E.   H.   MAKEKAU,    Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

DESHA,  S.  L.   (R)  KAMAUOHA,    G.    P.    (R) 

HIND,  ROBERT    (R)  MAKEKAU,  R.   H.    (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,   H.   A.    (R)  COOKE,  G.  P.  (R) 

ROBINSON,  W.  T.  (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

CASTLE,  A.  L.   (R)  PACHECO,  M.  C.   (D) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.  (R) 

CORREA,  S.  P.    (R)  SHINGLE,  R.  W.   (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.  (R)  MIKAELE,  M.  A.  (D) 

O.   P.    SOARES,    Cleric. 

House  of  Representatives. 

H.  L.   HOLSTEIN,   SpeaTcer. 
A.  F.  TAVARES,  Vice-Speaker. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

KELEKOLIO,    B.   H.    (E)  LYMAN,  N.  K.   (R) 

LEAL,  J.    (D)  SILVA,   E.   da    (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  KAWAHA,   G.   K.    (R) 

KAAUA,  E.  K.   (R)  KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.    (R) 


THIRD   DISTRICT. 


BROWN,   J.,    Jr.    (R)  TAVARES,  A.  F.   (R) 

JOSEPH,  L.  L.   (R)  WAIAHOLO,  E.    (R) 

PASCHOAL,  M.  G.   (R)  WALSH,  J.  J.  (R) 


FOURTH    DISTRICT. 


ANDREWS,  L.    (R)  MARQUEZ,  C.  N.   (R) 

COOKE,  C.  H.   (R)  PETRIE,   T.   H.    (R) 

JARRETT,  J.  K.   (R)  WILDER,  G.  P.   (R) 


FIFTH    DISTRICT. 


AHUNA,   R.    (D)  KUPIHEA,  D.  M.   (D) 

FERNANDEZ,  E.  K.   (R)  MILES,  W.  E.   (D) 

KALANA,  J.   (D)  MOSSMAN,  W.  F.   (D) 


SIXTH   DISTRICT. 


JERVES,  J.  DE  C.  (R)  LOTA,. J.  K.    (R) 

KULA,  J.  K.   (R)  WILCOX,  C.  H.    (R) 

EDWARD  WOODWARD,  Chrk. 


PROCLAMATION 


I,  Lucius  E.  Pinkham,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii, 
hereby  convene  the  Legislature  in  Special  Session  on  Tuesday, 
the  Fourteenth  day  of  May,  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Eighteen, 
for  consideration  of  such  legislation  and  appropriations  as  have 
been  made  necessary  by  the  elements,  the  war,  local  conditions 
and  the  pressing  welfare  of  the  people  of  this  Territory. 

In  Witness  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and 
caused  the  Great  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  Capitol,  in  Honolulu,  this  Thirtieth  day  of  April, 
A.  D.  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Eighteen. 

(Seal)  (Signed)     LUCIUS   E.   PINKHAM, 

Governor  of  Hawaii. 

By  the  Governor : 

(Signed)    CURTIS  P.  lAUKEA. 

Secretary  of  Hawaii. 


284 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 

Special  Session  of  1918. 

Senate. 

n  May  14.  Ended  May  31. 

Sat  15  Days. 

C.   F.   CHILLINGWORTH,  President. 

E.   H.   MAKEKAU,    Vice-President. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

DESHA,  S.  L.    (R)  KAMAUOHA.  G.   P.    (R) 

HIND,  ROBERT   (R)  MAKEKAU,  R.  H.   (D) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  A.  (R)  COOKE,  G.  P.   (R) 

ROBINSON,  W.   T.    (R) 

THIRD   DISTRICT. 

CASTLE,  A.  L.   (R)  PACHECO,  M.  C.    (D) 

CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R)  QUINN,  E.  W.    (R) 

CORREA,  S.  P.   (R)  SHINGLE,  R.  W.  (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.   (R)  MIKAELE,  M.  A.    (D) 

ALBERT   E.  LLOYD,   Clerl: 

House  of  Representatives. 

H.  L.   HOLSTEIN,   Si)eal-er. 
A.  F.  TAVARES,  Vice-Speal-er. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

KELEKOLIO.  B.  H.    (R)  LYMAN,  N.  K.*   (R) 

LEAL,  J.    (D)  SILVA,  E.  da   (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

HOLSTEIN,   H.  L.    (R)  KAWAHA,  G.  K.   (R) 

KAAUA,   E.   K.    (R)  KAWEWEHI,    H.   L.    (R) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  J.,  Jr.    (R)  TAVARES.  A.  F.   (R) 

JOSEPH,  L.  L.   (R)  WAIAHOLO,  E.    (R) 

PASCHOAL,  M.  G.    (R)  WALSH,  J.  J.   (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

ANDREWS,  L.    (R)  MARQUEZ,  C.  N.   (R) 

COOKE,  C.  H.   (R)  PETRIE,  T.  H.   (R) 

JARRETT,  J.  K.  (R)  WILDER,  G.  P.   (R) 

FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

AHUNA,   R.    (D)  KUPIHEA,  D.  M.    (D) 

FERNANDEZ,  E.  K.   (R)  MILES,  W.  E.  (D) 

KALANA,  J.   (D)  MOSSMAN,  W.  F.   (D) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

JERVES,  J.  DE  C.  (R)  LOTA,  J.  K.   (R) 

KULA,  J.  K.    (R)  WILCOX,  C.  H.    (R) 

EDWARD  WOODWARD,  Clerh. 


*  Absent  from  Territory. 


285 

LEGISLATURE  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  HAWAII. 
Session  of  1919. 

Senate. 
Holdover.  Elect. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

HIND,  EGBERT  (R)  .DESHA,  STEPHEN  L.    (R) 

KAMAUOHA,  G.  P.  (R)  EUSSEL,  J.  W.   (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT. 

BALDWIN,  H.  A.    (R)  RICE,   HARGLD  W.    (R) 

COOKE,  GEO.  P.  (R) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

CORREA,  S.  P.  (R)  CHILLINGWORTH,  C.  F.   (R) 

PACHECO,  M.  C.  (D)  KING,  CHARLES  E.   (R) 

SHINGLE,  R.  W.  (R)  WISE,  JOHN  H.  (R) 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

CONEY,  J.  H.   (R)  RICE,  CHARLES  A.    (R) 

House  of  Representatives. 
Members-Elect. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

KAI,  JOHN  K.   (R)  ROSE,  OTTO  W.   (R) 

LYMAN,   HENRY  J.    (R)  da  SILVA,  EVAN   (R) 

SECOND    DISTRICT, 

HOLSTEIN,  H.  L.   (R)  KAUPIKO,  D.  K.    (R) 

KAAUA,  E.  K.  (R)  KAWEWEHI,  H.  L.   (R) 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

BROWN,  JOHN,  Jr.  (R)  PASCHOAL,  M.  G.   (R) 

JOSEPH,  LEVI  L.    (R)  TAVARES,  A.  F.    (R) 

KAUMEHEIWA,  L.  B.    (R)  WAIAHOLO,  E.    (R) 

FOURTH   DISTRICT. 

ANDRADE,  FRANK  (R)  JARRETT,  JAMES  K.  (R) 

ANDREWS,  LORRIN   (R)  LEWIS,   A.,   Jr.    (R) 

CASTLE,  H.  K.  L.    (R)  RAWLINS,  WILLIAM  T.    (R) 

FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

AHUNA,  ROBERT  (D)  KALAKIELA,  J.  S.   (D) 

FERNANDEZ,  E.  K.  (E)  KUMALAE,   JONAH    (D) 

HOLT,  G.  H.,  Jr.   (D)  KUPIHEA,  DAVID  M.  (D) 

SIXTH   DISTRICT. 

AGUIAR,  MANUEL  R.,  Jr.  (R)  KAAHU,  SAMUEL  K.  (R) 

CHANDLER,  J.   S.    (D)  WERNER,  JAMES   (R) 


RECORD  OF  SERVICE 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

N Noble. 

S Senator. 

R Eepresentative. 

P President. 

V.  P Vice-President. 

S.    (following  year) Speaker.  * 

V.  S \ Vice-Speaker. 

reg Regular  Session, 

ex Extra  Session. 

sp Special  Session. 

pt Part  of  Session.      (See  Session  indicated   for 

explanation.) 


Names  marked  *  indicate  Minister. 
Names  marked   (w)   indicate  Woman. 


A. 


ACHI,   WILLIAM   C R.   1898.— S.   1901,  1902,  1903,   1904,  1905. 

AFFONSO,    G.   F K.   1909,  1911. 

AHOLO,   L R.   ISfjO,     1866,    1867,     1870,     1872,     1873, 

1874,  1876  V.  P.,  1878  V.  P.,  1880 
V.  P.,  1882  V.  P.,  1884  V.  P.,  1886 
V.  P. 

AHULII,  J R.   1901. 

AHUNA,    R R.   1917,  1918. 

AIU,   E.   K R.   1915. 

AIWOHI,   S R.   1876,  1882. 

AKA,   W.  B R.   1853,  1856. 

AKAU,  C.  K R.   1907. 

AKI,   S.  K R."  1892. 

AKINA,   J.   A R.   1892,  1901  S. 

ALAPA R.   1845,  1846. 

ALAPAI,    J R.   1862. 

ALAPAI,  J.  K.   (w) N.   1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,   1849. 

ALAWA,  D R.   1907. 

ALLEN,  ELISHA  HUNT*.  .  .  .        1854,  1855,  1856. 

AMARA,  J R.   1884,  1886. 

ANDERSON,   JAMES    N.   1890,   1892. 

ANDRADE,  F R.   1903,  1904,  1905. 

ANDREWS,  L R.   1917,  1918. 

APIKI,  O.  K R.   1890. 

ARCHER,  F.  K R.   1911. 

ARMSTRONG,  RICHARD*  .  . .        1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855  reg.  &  sp. 

ARMSTRONG,   RICHARD N.   1859  ex.,  1860. 

ARMSTRONG,  WILLIAM  N*.        1882. 

ASCH,  J.  W R.   1913. 

ASHFORD,   C.  W.*    1887,  1888,  1890  pt. 

ASHFORD,   C.  W R.   1892. 

ATKINSON,  A.  T R.   1898. 


287 

AUSTIN,  JONATHAN* 1887,  1888,  1890  pt. 

AUSTIN,  J.  W .-.  .R.   1855  reg.  &  sp.,  1858-9  (S.  pt.). 

AUSTIN,  S.  L R.   1855  sp. 

AUWAA   R.   1845,  1847. 

AYLETT,  E.  W R.   1901,  1903,  1904,  1905. 

B. 

BAILEY,  E.  H N.   1887,  1888. 

BAKER,  DAVID  K S.   1909,  1911,  1913,  1915. 

BAKEE,  J.  T R.   1884,  1886,  1890. 

BAKEE.  E.  H R.   1880. 

BALDWIN,  D.  D R.   1860,  1862. 

BALDWIN,  H.  A S.   1913,  1915,  1917,  1918. 

BALDWIN,  H.  P N.   1887,  1888,  1890,  1892.— S.   1895,  1896, 

1897,  1898,  1901,  1902,  1903,  1904. 

BARENABA    R.   1851,   1852,  1856. 

BAEENABA,  GEOEGE   R.   1856,  1860,  1862,  1876. 

BAETOW,  C.  S R.   1856. 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.,  Sr R.   1880. 

BECKLEY,  F.  W.,  Jr R.   1901  V.  S.,  1903  S.,  1904  S. 

BEEGEE,  C.  O N.   1890  pt.,  1892. 

BEETLEMANN,  C N.   1887,  1888  pt. 

BICKEETON,  E.  F R.   1878. 

BIPIKANE,   J.   W R.   1892. 

BIECH,  THOMAS  N R.   1874,   1876. 

BISHOP,    CHARLES   E R.   1853.— N.    1859    ex.,    1860,    1862,    1864, 

1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872,  1873  pt., 

1874    reg.    P.,    1876,    1878,    1880    P., 

1882,   1884,  1886. 

BISHOP,    CHAELES    E.* 1873  pt.,  1874  ex. 

BISHOP,    E.    F S.   1905,  1907  P. 

BLAIR,  J.  D R.   1855  sp. 

BOND,  E.  C R.   1895,  1896. 

BOND,   E.   P R.   1853,  1854. 

BOWLIN,  R.  H R.   1854. 

BOYD,  EDWIN  H R.   1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870. 

BROAD,   C R.   1905. 

BROWN,   CECIL    R.   1876,  1884,  1886,  1887,  1888,  1890. 

BROWN,   CECIL*    1892  pt. 

BEOWN,    CECIL    S.   1895,  1896,  1897,  1898,  1901,  1902,  1903, 

1904,   1911,  1913. 

BEOWN,  C.  H R.   1915. 

BEOWN,  FEANK   R.   1882.  1884,  1887,  1888. 

BEOWN,  60DFEEY R.   1884. 

BEOWN,    GODFEEY*    1887  pt.,  1890  pt. 

BEOWN,  J.,  Jr R.   1917,  1918. 

BEOW^N,  JOHN  T S.   1901,  1902,  1903,  1904,  1905,  1907,  1909, 

1911. 
BURCHARDT,  E.  A N.   1890   pt,    (absent   on   leave   from   July 

24). 
BUSH,  JOHN  E N.   1880,    1882    pt.,    1884,    1886.— R.    1890, 

1892. 
BUSH,  JOHN  E.*    1882  pt. 

C 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES N.   1887,  1888. 

CARLEY,  E.  B R.   1909. 

CAETEE,  GEOEGE  E S.   1901. 


288 

CAETER,   J.   O R  1872,  1873. 

CASTLE,  A.  L R.  1911.— S.  1915,  1917,  1918. 

CASTLE,   SAMUEL  N R.  1864.— N.  1876,  1878,  1880. 

CASTLE,   WILLIAM  R.*    1876. 

CASTLE,  WILLIAM  R R.  1878,  1886.— N.  1887  P.  pt.,  1888  P.  pt. 

CASTRO,  A.  D R.  1907,  1909. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  J.  E R.  1858-9. 

CHAMBERLAYNE.  R.  K.    .  .  .R.  1860. 

CHILLINGWORTH,    C.   F.    .  .  .S.  1907,  1909,  1911,  1913,  1915  P.,  1917  P., 

1918  P. 

CHILLINGWORTH,   S.   F.    .  .  .R.  1903,  1904. 

CLEGHORN,  A.  S. N.  1874  reg.,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882,  1884, 

1886. 

CLUNEY,   J.   C R.  1895,  1896. 

COCKETT,    JOS R.  1911. 

COCKETT,  P R.  1890  pt. 

COELHO,  WILLIAM  J R.  1905.— S.  1907,  1909. 

COHEN,  J.  C R.  1909. 

COKE,  JAMES  L S.  1913,  1915. 

CONEY,   J.   H R.  1907,  1909,  1911,  1913  V.  S.,  1915  V.  S. 

— S.  1917,  1918. 

COOKE,   C.   H R.  1913,  1915,  1917,  1918. 

COOKE,   GEO.   P R.  1911,1913.-8.1917,1918. 

COPP,   G R.  1905. 

CORNWELL,  W.  H N.  1890,  1892  pt. 

CORNWELL,  W.  H.*    1892  pt. 

CORREA,   S.  P R.  1907,  1909,  1911.— S.  1917,  1918. 

COX,   O.   P R.  1905  V.  S. 

CRABBE,  C.  L S.  1901,  1902  P.,  1903  P.,  1904  P. 

CRABBE,  H.  G N.  1890. 

CRAWFORD,  E.  J R.  1915. 

CRAWFORD,  W.  H R.  1915. 

COLBURN,  JOHN  F.*   1892  pt. 

CREIGHTON,   CHARLES*    ...  1892  pt. 

CREIGHTON,  R.  J.* 1886  pt. 

CROCKETT,  W.  F R.  1915. 

CUMMINGS,  PRESTON    R.  1855  sp.,   1856. 

CUMMINGS,   WM.   H R.  1890. 

CUMMINS,  J.  A R.  1874.- N.  1890  pt.,  1892. 

CUMMINS,  J.  A.* 1890  pt. 

D 

DAMIEN,   DANIEL    R.  1903,   1904. 

DAMON,  S.  M.*   1890  pt. 

DANIELS,   W.  H R.  1887,  1888. 

DARE,  JOHN  T.*   1886  pt. 

DAVIS,    JAMES    R.  1895,   1896. 

DAVIS,   ROBERT   G R.  1855  reg.  &  sp. 

DEACON,  HENRY    R.  1887,  1888. 

DESHA,   STEPHEN   L S.  1915,  1917,  1918. 

(leVARIGNY,  C* 1864,  1866,  1867,  1868. 

DICKEY,   CHARLES  H R.  1886,  1901.— S.  1902,  1903,  1904,   1905. 

DOLE,  G.  H N.  1887,  1888. 

DOLE,  SANFORD  B R.  1884,  1886. 

DOMINIS,  JOHN  0 N.  1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872,  1873, 

1874,    1876,    1878,    1880,    1882,    1884, 

1886. 

DOUTHITT,   E.   A R.  1909. 


289 

DOWSETT,  J.  I.,  Sr R.   1858-9,  1860,  1862.— N.  1874  reg.,  1876, 

1878,  1880,  1882,  1884,  1886,  1887, 
1888. 

DOWSETT,  J.  L,  Jr R.   1887,  1888. 

DOWSETT,  JOHN  M S.   1905,  1907. 

DRIEE,   A N.    1892. 

DWIGHT,  S.  G R.   1855    sp. 


EDMONDS,    W R.  1892. 

EMMELUTH,   J R.  1901. 

ENA,  JOHN   N.  1892. 

EWALIKO,  J R.  1901. 


FAIRCHILD,  G.  H.   .  .  . 

FASSOTH,   J 

FERNANDEZ,   A 

FERNANDEZ,  E.  K.    . 

FOSTER,    W.   E 

FULLER,  JOSIAH    ... 

FUNK,  FRANCIS   

FURTADO,  M.  T 


...S.  1909,  1911. 

.  ..R.  1915. 

.  ..R.  1903,  1904,  1905. 

.  ..R.  1911,  1915,  1917,  1918. 

. .  .N.  1887,  1888. 

. .  .R.  1854,  1855  reg. 

.  ..R.  1851,  1852,  1853. 


.R.  1909. 


GANDALL,  JOHN  K. 

GARCIA,   A 

GARDNER,   J 

GAY,  FRANCIS 

GAY,  J.  W 

GEAR,   A.   V 


.R.   1903,  1904.- 
.R.   1915. 


-S.  1905,  1907. 


GIBSON,  WALTER  M R. 

GIBSON,  WALTER  M.*    

GILFILLAN,  A.  F R. 

GLENDEN,   G R. 

GOMES,  A.  J R. 

GOODNESS,  P.  J R. 

GREEN,   J.   P R. 

GREEN,  W.  L.*   

GREENWELL,  F.  R R. 

GREGG,  DAVID  L.* 

GULICK,  C.  T.* 

GULICK,  P.  J R. 


1882,  1884. 

1887,   1888. 

1876. 

1898. 

1878,  1880,  1882  pt. 

1882  pt.,  1884,  1886. 

1901. 

1880. 

1907. 

1913,  1915. 

1860. 

1874  reg.,  1876,  1882  pt.,  1887,  1888. 

1903,  1904,  1905. 

1858-9,  1860,  1862. 

1884,   1886  pt.,   1892   pt. 

1851. 


HAAHEO,   S.   H R.    1901. 

HAALELEA    N.    1853,    1854, 

1862. 

HAALILIO    N.    1842. 

HAIA,  S.  W R.   1854. 


1855,    1856,    1858-9,    1860, 


HAIA,  W.  P R. 

HALE,  J.  P R. 

HALEKAI   ■ R. 

HALEMANU,   G.   W.  D R. 

HALL,   E.   O.*    


1895,  1896,  1903,  1904,  1905. 

1911,  1915. 

1860. 

1868,  1870,  1872,  1873,  1876. 

1873,  1874  ex. 


HALSTEAD,  W.  H R.   1876,   1878,   1890. 

HALUALANI,  L.  K R. 

HANAIKE,    W R. 

19 


1895,  1896. 
1870,  1872,  1873. 


290 


HANUNA,  E.  M.  .  . 
HANUNA,  J.  K.  ... 

HARRIS,  C.  C 

HARRIS,  C.  C*  ... 
HARRIS,  W.  W.  .. 
HART,  ISAAC  K.  . 
HARTWELL,  A.  S. 
HARVEY,  F.  R.   ... 

HAUPU,  P 

HAYSELDEN,  A.   N 
HAYSELDEN,  F.  H 
HELEKUNIHI,   E. 
HELELUHE,  J.  H.   , 

HEITCK,  T.  C 

HEWITT,  GEO.  C.  . 

HIHIO,  J.  K 

HIND,    ROBERT    .  . 

HIND,  R.  R 

HITCHCOCK,  D.  H. 

HITCHCOCK,  H.  R. 

HOAPILI 

HOAPILI,  J.  G.   ... 

HOCKING,  A 

HOLLISTER,  R.  S. 
HOLSTEIN,   H.   L. 


HONOKAUPU    

R 

HOOGS,  WILLIAM  H. 

R 

HOPKINS,  CHARLES  ( 

? N 

HOPKINS,  CHARLES 

jr.*     .  .  . 

HOPKINS,  C.  L 

N 

HOPU,   ASA    

R 

HORNER,   A 

R 

HORNER,  C.  F 

R 

HORNER,   J.   M 

N 

HORNER,  W.  Y 

N 

HUDDY,  G.  H 

R 

HUGHES,   JOHN   A.    . 

R 

HULU,  lONA   

R 

HULUILI 

R 

HUSTACE,  FRANK   .  . 

R 

HUTCHISON,  F.  W.*.. 

lAUKEA,   C.  P 

S. 

II,  JOHN 

N. 

lOSEPA    

lOSEPA,  J.  K 

IRWIN,  ARCHER  .  . 
ISENBERG,  D.  P.  R. 
ISENBERG,  P.  D.  R. 


.R.  189.5,  1896. 
.R.  1878,  1880. 
.R.  1854,  1862. 

1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872. 
.R.  1903,  1904,  1905. 
.R.  1866,  1867,  1872,  1873. 

1874  reg.  pt.,  1878  pt. 
.S.  1909. 
.R.  1874,  1882. 
.S.  1905,  1907. 
.R.  1886. 

.R.  1876,  1887,  1888. 
.R.  1855  sp.,  1862  pt.,  1864,  1866,  1867. 
.R.  1864,  1866,  1867. 
.S.  1905,  1907,  1911,  1913  pt. 
.R.  1901,  1909. 
.S.  1917,  1918. 
.N.  1890,  1892. 
R.  1858-9,  1872  V.  P.,  1873  V.  P.,  1884.- 

N.  1887,  1888. 
.R.  1862,  1868,  1870  V.  P. 
.N.  1841. 

.R.  1866,  1867.— N.  1892. 
.S.  1895,  1896,  1897,  1898. 
.R.  1855  sp.,  1858-9. 
.S.  1896  pt.,  1897,  1898 
1909  S.,  1911  S., 
1917  S.,  1918  S. 

1852. 

1901. 

1859  ex.,  1860,  1866,  1867. 

1864. 

1892  pt. 

1858-9  pt.,  1860,  1868,  1870. 

1890,  1892. 

1887,  1888. 

1890,  1892. 

1890,  1892.— S.  1895,  1896,  1897. 

1909,  1911,  1913,  1915, 

1907. 

1848. 

1866,  1867. 

1887,  1888. 

1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872. 


1913,  1915. 

N.  1841,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1849, 
1850,  1851,  1852,  1853,  1854.— R. 
1855  reg.  &  sp.— N.  1858-9,  1860, 
1862,  1864,  1866,  1867,  1868. 

R.  1854. 


-R.  1905,  1907  S., 
1913  S.,  1915  S., 


1892. 
1913. 


.S.  1902,  1903,  1904,  1905  P.— R.  1915. 


.N. 


1874  reg.,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882,  1884, 
1886,  1890.— R.  1898. 


291 


J 


JAEGER,  A N.   1887.   1888. 

JAEGER,  H.  A R.    1903,  1904. 

JARRETT,  J.  K R.   1917,  1918. 

JERVES,  J.  (le  C R.   1917,  1918. 

JONES,  E R.   1868. 

JONES,  P.  C*   1892  pt. 

JONES,  W.  CLAUD R.    1868  pt. 

JOSEPH,  L.  L R.   1907,  1917,  1918. 

JUDD,   A.   F.,   Sr R.    1868  pt.,  1872,  1873  pt. 

JUDD,  A.  F.,  Sr.* 1873   pt.,   1874   ex. 

JUDD,  A.  F.,  Jr S.   1911,  1913. 

JUDD,  CHARLES  H R.   1868,  1870,  1872,  1873.— N.  1880,  1882, 

1884,  1886. 

JUDD,  G.  P.*   1843,  1845,  1851,  1852,  1853. 

JUDD,  G.  P R.   1858-9  pt. 

K 

KAAE,   J N.    1882,   1884,  1886. 

KAAHALAMA,  E R.   1851. 

KAAI,  S.  K R.   1870,  1872,  1873,  1874  V.  P.— N.  1876, 

1878,  1880,  1882. 

KAAI,  S.  W R.    1880,  1886,  1898  Y.  S. 

KAAINOA,  S.  W R.   1866,   1867. 

KAAKUA,  J.  H R.   1858-9,  1860  pt.,  1862. 

KAANAANA,   S R.    1878,   1880   pt. 

KAAPA,  L R.   1851,  1854,  1862,  1864,  1866,  1867. 

KAAUA,  E.  K R.   1913,   1917,   1918. 

KAAUKAI R.   1845,  1860. 

KAAUWAEPAA,  J.  H R.   1858-9. 

KAAUWAI,   D.   K R.   1854,  1855  reg.  &  sp. 

KAAUWAI,  L  K R.   1901. 

KAAUWAI,  W.  H R.   1862,   1870. 

KAAUWAI,  Z R.   1851,  1852,  1854,  1855  reg. 

KAEO,    J N.   1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1849,  1850,  1851, 

1852,    1853,    1854,    1855    reg.    &    sp., 

1856. 

KAEO,  S.  K R.  1895,  1896,  1898. 

KAEO,  P.  Y N.  1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872,  1873, 

1878,  1880. 

KAHAI,    J R.   1858-9,  1864,  1874. 

KAHALE,  W R.   1848,  1855  reg. 

KAHALEAAHU,  J.  P.  E R.   1864. 

KAHALEWAI,  A.  M R.   1862  pts.,  1864. 

KAHANA,   S.  K R.   1907. 

KAHANANUI,  M R.  1862,  1864,  1872,  1873. 

KAHANU,  H.  A N.  1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872,  1873, 

1874,  1876,  1878,  1880. 

KAHAULELIO,  D.  H R.   1898. 

KAHAULELIO,  J.  D R.   1866,  1867,  1870. 

KAHEKILI    N.   1841. 

KAHILINA,  I.  H S.   1901. 

KAHOOHALAHALA,  S R.   1864. 

KAHOOKANO,  J.  D ..R.   1855  sp.,  1856,  1862. 

KAHOOKANO,  J.  K R.   1890. 

KAHOOKAUMAHA,  J.  A.   .  .  .R.   1862. 
KAHOOKUI    R.   1851,   1852. 


292 

KAHUILA,  J E.   1876. 

KAHULANUI,  S.  E R.   1856,  1860. 

KAHULU,  N B.   1866,   1867. 

KAHULU,  H.  N R.   1880. 

KAIAIKAWAHA,  J.  N R.   1878. 

KAILI,  S.  K R.   1903,  1904. 

KAILIHAONA,  W.  H R.   1853. 

KAILIHOU    R.   1860. 

KAINA,   L R.   1876. 

KAIUE,  D.  W R.   1868,    1870,    1872,    1873,    1874,   1876. 

KAIUE,  S.  E S.   1901  V.  P.  &  P.,  1902,  1903,  1904. 

KAKANI,  C.  K R.   1858-9  pt.,  1866,  1867,  1874. 

KAKINA,  J R.   1874,  1880. 

KALAAUKANE,   G.  B R.   1855   reg. 

KALA    R.   1846. 

KALAIHOA,  M.  S R.   1851. 

KALAKAUA,    DAVID    N.   1859  ex.,  1860,  1862,  1864,  1866,   1867, 

1868,  1870,  1872,  1873. 

KALAKIELA,  J.  S R.   1913. 

KALAMA,   C.  N R.   1880. 

KALAMA,   H    (wX    N.   1845,  1846,  1847,  1848. 

KALAMA,   S.  E R.   1903,  1904.— S.  1905,  1907  V.  P.,  1909 

V.  P.,  1911  V.  P. 
KALAMA,  S.  P R.   1853,     1854,     1855     reg.     &     sp.,     1856, 

1858-9,  1860,  1870. 

KALANA,    JOSEPH     R.   1907,  1917,  1918. 

KALANIPOO,   J.   M R.   1S58-9,   1864. 

KALAUHALA    R.   1852. 

KALAUKOA,  A.  P R.   1876,  1887,  1888. 

KALAULI,   A R.   1880  pt. 

KALAUOKALANI,  D S.   1901  A^  P.  pt.,  1902,  1903,  1904. 

KALAWAHI  R.   1845. 

KALAWAIA,  T.  H R.   1905. 

KALEIOPU,  A.  S R.   1905,  1907,  1909.— S.  1911. 

KALEO,  J.  H.  S R.   1907. 

KALILI,  J R.   1851,  1852. 

KALINO,   J R.   1905. 

KALU,  CHARLES R.   1868. 

KALUA,  J.  W R.  1880,  1882,  1884,  1886,  1890  pt. 

KALUAPIHAOLE,  J R.   1870. 

KALUHI,  J R.   1882. 

KALUNA,  J R,   1892,   1907. 

KALUNA,    W R.   1853,  1855  reg. 

KAMA,  D.  K R.   1909. 

KAMAHU,  D R.   1909. 

KAMAI,  D R.   1887,  1888. 

KAMAI,  P R.   1890. 

KAMAIPELEKANE,  E.  P.    .  .R.   1852,  1854,  1855  sp.,  1856,  1858-9. 
KAMAKAU,  S.  M R.   1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855  reg.,  1856, 

1860,  1870,  1876. 

KAMAKAU,   W.   P N.   1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872,  1873. 

KAMAKELE,   J R.   1882,  1884. 

KAMALO,  J.  H R.   1862,  1864,  1866,  1867. 

KAMANOULU,  J.  K R.   1909,  1911. 

KAMAUOHA,  G.  P R.   1887,  1888,  1892,  1895  V.  S.,  1896  V.  S. 

— S.  1917,  1918. 

KAMAUOHA,  K R.   1876,  1878. 

KAMEHAMEHA,  LOT    N.   1852,  1853,  1854,  1855  P.,  1856,  1858-9, 

1860,  1862  P. 


293 

KANAINA,  C N.   1841,  1842,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1849, 

1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855,  1856, 
1858-9,  1860,  1862,  1864,  1866,  1867, 
1868,  1870,  1872,  1873,  1874,  1876. 

KANEALII,  L.  W.  P R.   1876,  1878,  1884,  1890,  1892. 

KANEHOA,  J.  Y N.   1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1849,  1850,  1851. 

KANEKOA,    CHARLES    R.   1911. 

KANIHO,  H.  M R.  1901,  1903,  1904,  1905,  1907,  1909,  1913. 

KANOA,  P N.  1845,  1846,  1848,  1849,  1850,  1851,  1852, 

1853,  1854,  1855,  1856,  1858-9,  1860, 
1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872, 
1873,  1874,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882. 

KANOA,  P.  P N.  1882,  1884,  1886,  1890,  1892. 

KANUHA,  D S.  1901. 

KAOHI,  J.  B S.   1901,  1902,  1903,  1904. 

KAOLIKO,  J.  K R.   1878. 

KAONA    R.   1853. 

KAPAAKEA,  CAESAE N.   1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1849,  1850,  1851, 

1852,  1853,  1854,  1855,  1856,  1858-9, 
1860,  1864,  1866. 

KAPAE     R.   1845. 

KAPAHU,  J.   N R.   1874,  1878,  1880  pt.,  1892. 

KAPAU    R.   1846. 

KAPEAU,  G.  L N.  1848,  1850,  1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855, 

1856. 

KAPEHE,    S R.   1851,  1852. 

KAPENA,  JONAH   N.   1845,  1850,  1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1862, 

1864,  1866. 

KAPENA,  J.  M N.   1876,   1882,   1886. 

KAPENA,  J.   M.*    1878,  1880,  1884. 

KAPIHE,  M R.  1856,  1858-9,  1862,  1870. 

KAPULE,   C.   K R.   1874. 

KAUAI,   E.   L R.   1886. 

KAUAI,  J R.  1874,  1876,  1878,  1882. 

KAUHANE,  J R.  1862,  1882,  1884,  1886,  1887  V.  P.,  1888 

V.  P.— N.  1890  V.  P.,  1892  Y.  P.— 

S.  1895  Y.  P.,  1896  Y.  P.,  1897  Y.  P., 

1898  Y.  P. 

KAUHI,  A R.   1886,  1887,  1888,  1890,  1892. 

KAUIMAKAOLE,   G.  P R.   1901. 

KAUKAHA,   D R.   1868,  1870,  1872,  1873,  1874. 

KAUKAU,  A R.   1872,  1873,  1878. 

KAUKAU,  J.  A R.   1874,  1878,  1882  pt.,  1886. 

KAULIA,  ASA  R.   1884,  1886. 

KAULIA,   W.   J R.   1860,    1866,   1867. 

KAULUKOU,  J.  L R.   1880,   1882,   1884,   1886  pt.,  1898   S. 

KAULUKOU,   J.   L.*    1886  pt. 

KAUMAEA,  Z.  P R.   1846,   1852,   1854,  1855  reg.,  1858-9  pt. 

KAUNAMANO,   J.   K R.   1864,  1866,  1867,  1880,  1882,  1884,  1886, 

1892.    ■ 

KAUOHAI,   MOSES    R.   185],  1852  pt. 

KAUPIKO,  D.   K R.   1913,   1915. 

KAUWAHI,  J.  W.   H R.   1853,  1864. 

KAUWILA,  J.  M R.   1882,  1884. 

KAWAAKOA,   J.   W R.   1909,  1911. 

KAWAHA,  G.  K R.   1917,  1918. 

KAWAIHOA,   D R.   1848,  1849. 

KAWAIHOA,    S R.   1901. 

KAWAINUI,  J.  U R.   1887,  1888. 


294 

KAWEWEHI,  H.  L R.  1909,   1911,   1913,   1915,   1917,   1918. 

KEAHONUI    N.  1841. 

KEALAWAA,   M.   K R.  1878,   1903,   1904,   1909. 

KEANIHO   R.  1853,  1855  reg. 

KEAU   R.  1847,  1850. 

KEAU,    J R.  1878,   1880,   1882  pt.,  1884,   1886. 

KEAWEHANO,   D R.  1855  sp.,  1856. 

KEAWEHUNAHALA,  J.  W.  .  .R.  1855  reg.  &  sp.,  1864,  1866,  1867,  1868. 

KEAWEIWI,  T R.  1853. 

KEELIKOLANI,  EUTH  (w)..N.  1848,   1850,   1855.      (See   also   LUKA.) 

KEIKI,  J.  W.  K R.  1901. 

KEIKINUI R.  1856. 

KEKAULA,  J.  K R.  1901. 

KEKAULAHAO,  J R.  1851,  1852.— N.  1853,  1854,  1855. 

KEKAULUOHI,  M.   (w)    N.  1841,  1842,  1843,  1845  pt. 

KEKAUONOHI,  M.  (w) N.  1841,  1842,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1850. 

KEKINO  R.  1848. 

KEKOA,  E R.  1872,  1873,  1886. 

KEKUANAOA,  M N.  1841,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1850, 

1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855,  1856, 
1858-9  P.,  1860  P.,  1862,  1864  P., 
1866  P.,  1867  P.,  1868  P. 

KEKUAPANIO    R.  1847,  1848. 

KELAMA     R.  1856. 

KELEKOLIO,  B.  H R.  1917,  1918. 

KELIIAHONUI,   A N.  1842,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1818. 

KELIIKOA,  J.   W R.  1901. 

KELIINOI,  S R.  1903,  1904,  1911. 

KELIIPIO,  L R.  1866,  1867,  1868. 

KENUI,  C.  W R.  1864. 

KENUI,    M R.  1852  pt.,  1858-9. 

KEOHOKALOLE,  A.  (w)   N.  1841,  1842,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847. 

KEOHOKAUA    R.  1866,   1867. 

KEOLALOA.   W.   S R.  1855  reg. 

KEOULI,  .J.  N R.  1907. 

KEPOIKAI,  A.  N R.  1866,  1867,  1870,  1874  reg.— S.  1898  pt. 

KIHA    R.  1849,   1850,  1853. 

KINNEY,  R R.  1909. 

KINNEY.  W.  A R.  1887,    1888. 

KINSLEA,  W.   R R.  1913. 

KIOLEA,  J.  W.  B R.  1858-9. 

KIPI,    S R.  1853,    1854,    1855     reg.,     1858-9,     1860, 

1862,    1872,    1873,    1874.— N.    1878. 

KNUDSEN,  E.  A R.  1903    V.    S.,    1904    V.    S.,    1905    S.— S, 

1907,  1909,  1911  P.,  1913  P. 

KNUDSEN,  V R.  I860,  1862,  1868,  1890, 

KOAHOU,  K.  M R.  1892. 

KOAKANU,   P.    F R.  1868,  1874. 

KOIKU,   R ,.R.  1853,    1855   reg. 

KOLE,  J R.  1856. 

KOLIA    R.  1845. 

KONIA,   L.    (w)    N.  1841,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1849, 

1850,    1851. 

KOMOIKEHUEHU,  J R.  1870,  1872,  1873,  1874. 

KOU,   M.   K R.  1903,    1904. 

KUAKINI    N.  1841,   1842,  1843. 

KUAPUU,   I.    K R.  1870. 

KUAPUU,   S.   K R.  1880. 


295 


KUIHELANI,  IT. 


KUIKAHI,  E.  P 

KFLA,  J.  K 

KU^rAHOA,  J.  W.  .. 
KUMALAE.  JONAH 
KUNUIAKEA,  A.  K. 
KUPAKEE,  J.  W.   .  .  , 

KUPAU,   J 

KUPIHEA,  D.  M.  .. 
KUPIHEA.   S.   K.    ... 


.R.  1855  sp.,  1864,  1868,  1872,  1873.— N. 

1874  re^.,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882, 

1884,  1886. 
.R.  1874. 

.R.  1915,  1917,  1918. 
.R.  1S68,  1870. 
.R.  1901,  1903,  1904. 
.R.  1880. 

.R.  1855  reg.  &  sp.,  1856,  1858-9,  1872. 
.R.  1866,  1867,  1878. 
.R.  1903,  1904,  1913,  1915,  1917,  1918. 
.R.  1874,  1878,  1880,  1882,  1884. 


LAANUI,   S 

R. 

1852, 

1853, 

1858-9. 

LAHILAHI,    H.    W 

R. 

1882. 

LAINAHOLO    

....R. 

1858-9. 

LANE,  JOHN  C 

s. 

1905, 

1907. 

LANE,  W.   C 

...   R. 

1874. 

LEAL,   J 

R. 

1917, 

1918. 

LEE,  WILLIAM  L 

....R. 

1851 

S. 

LELEIOHOKU 

....N. 

1841, 

1842, 

1843, 

1845,  1846. 

LELEIOHOKU,  W.  P.   .  . 

....N. 

1876. 

LELEIWI,  W.  K 

....R. 

1907. 

LEWIS,   JAMES   D 

....R. 

1903, 

1904, 

1905. 

LIHOLIHO,  ALEXANDER    .  .  N. 

1852, 

1853, 

1854. 

LIKE,  E.  L 

....R. 

1909. 

LILIKALANI,  E.  K.    ... 

...R. 

1876, 

1880, 

1882 

1884,   1S86,   1905 

LILIKALANI,  G.  W.   ... 

....R. 

1851, 

1853, 

1855 

sp. 

LOEBENSTEIN.   A.  B.    . 

....R. 

1898. 

LOKOMAIKAI,   D 

....R. 

1849, 

1850, 

1851, 

1854. 

LONG,   CAELOS  A 

....R. 

1903, 

1904, 

1905. 

LONG,  E.  A.  C 

...R. 

1907, 

1909, 

1911. 

LONOAEA,  J.  W 

....R. 

1872, 

1873, 

1874 

ex. 

LOTA,  J.  K 

....R. 

1913, 

1915, 

1917, 

1918. 

LOW,  J.  S 

....R. 

1858-9. 

LUCAS,  T.  E 

...   R. 

1890. 

LUHIAU,  S.  C 

....N. 

1887, 

1888. 

LUKA   (w)    

....N. 

1845, 

1847. 

(See 

also  KEELIKOLA 

EUTPI.) 

LUNALILO,   WILLIAM 

0....N. 

1864, 

1866, 

1867 

1868,   1870,   1872 

LYMAN,  F.   S 

s. 

1895, 

1896, 

1897, 

1898. 

LYMAN,  NOEMAN  K.   . 

....R. 

1918, 

1915, 

1917. 

LYONS,  CUETIS  J 

....R. 

1868, 
M 

1847. 
1890, 

1870 

MAAKUIA    

R. 

1892 

pt. 

MACFAELANE,  E.  C.   .  . 

....N. 

MACFAELANE,  E.  C*   . 

1892 

pt. 

MACFAELANE,  G.  W.   . 

.' .' .'  .N. 

1884, 

1886. 

MAGUIEE,  J.  A 

...R. 

1887, 

1888. 

MAHELONA,    SOL 

.  .  .  .R. 

1905. 

MAHELONA,  S.  W 

....R. 

1866, 

1867, 

1868, 

1876. 

MAHI,   H.  A 

....R. 

1880 

pt. 

MAHIKOA,  G.  W. 

.  .  .  .R 

1905. 
1860, 

1878 

MAHOE,  D.  B 

....R. 

MAHOE,  S.  K 

.  .  .  .R. 

1876, 

1880, 

1882, 

1901,  1907,  1911. 

296 

MAIKAI,  J.  W.  E R.  1849,  1850,  1853,  1854,  1855  reg.,  1856. 

— N.  1859  ex. 

MAILE,   C.   B N.  1892  pt. 

MAKAINAI,  J.  P R.  1901. 

MAKAIOULU,  E R.  1862  pt. 

MAKALENA,  J.  W R.  1868. 

MAKEE,  P.  N N.  1887,   1888. 

MAKEKAU,   CHAELES  K.    .  .R.  1913. 

MAKEKAU,   M.   K R.  1909,   1911,  1915. 

MAKEKAU,  E.  H R.  1901.— S.  1907,  1909,  1911,  1913  V.  P., 

1915  V.  P.,  1917  V.  P.,  1918  V.  P. 

MALO,   DAVID    R.  1846. 

MALO,   D R.  1878. 

MANINI,  P.  F R.  1858-9,   1860,   1862. 

MAECALLINO,  A.  Q R.  1911. 

MAEQUES,  A R.  1890. 

MAEQUEZ,  CHAELES  N.    .  .  .R.  1917,   1918. 

MAESDEN,  J N.  1890,  1892. 

MAESH,  J.  W R.  1854. 

MAESHALL,  J    F.  B R.  1852,  1856. 

MAETIN,  J.  H.   S R.  1874.— N.  1884,  1886. 

MAETIN,   W.   T R.  1864,   1868,  1870,  1872,  1873.— N.   1874 

reg.,   1876,   1878,   1880,  1882,  1884. 

MAUI,  L R.  1855  sp. 

METCALF,  T R.  1852. 

METZGEE,  DALBEET  E.  ...S.  :>13,  1915. 

MIKAELE,  M.  A S.  1915,  1917,   1918. 

MIKALEMI,  E R.  1872,  1873,  1874. 

MILES,  W.  E R.  1917,  1918. 

MOANAULI,  JOHN N.  1874   reg.,    1876,    1878,    1880,    1882. 

MOANAULI,  J.  W R.  1878,  1907,  1909,  1911. 

MOEHONUA,  W.  L R.  1874.— N.  1878. 

MOEHONUA,   W.   L.*    1876. 

MOFFITT,   EOBEET    R.  1855   sp. 

MOKU,  A R.  1854. 

MOKU,  J.  H R.  1862. 

MONSAEEAT,  JULIAN   R.  1901. 

MOOEE,   H.  T S.  1909.      (Absent   1911,  sick.) 

MOBSMAN,  W.  F.,  Jr R.  1901,   1917,  1918. 

MOTT-SMITH,  J.*    1870,  1872,  1878  pt. 

MOTT-SMITH,  J R.  1853,  1866,  1867  V.  P.— N.  1876,   1878 

pt.,  1880,  1882,  1884,  1886. 

MULLEE,   E N.  1890. 

Mc 

McBRYDE,   A N.  1892  pt. 

McBEYDE,  W.  D R.  1895,  1896. 

McCANDLESS,  E.  J R.  1913. 

McCANDLESS,  J.  A S.  1895,  1896,  1897,  1898. 

McCANDLESS,   L.   L R.  1898.— S.  1902,  1903,  1904,  1905. 

McCAETHY,  CHARLES  J.    .  .N.  1890.— S.  1907,  1909. 

McCULLY,    L R.  1858-9   pt.,   1860   S. 

N 

NAHAKU,  J.   A R.   1864,   1866,   1867,   1868,   1876,   1880. 

NAHAKUELUA,  T R.   1854. 

NAHALE,  J.  K R.   1886. 


297 

NAHAOLELUA,   PETER    ....N.  18o.3,    1854,    1855,    1856,    1858-9,    1860, 

1862,  1864,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870  P., 
1872  P.,  1873  P.,  1874  P.  ex. 

NAHAOLELUA,  PETER*  ....  1874  reg. 

NAHAU    R.  1849. 

NANIHU,  D.  H E.  1864,   1873,   1874,   1882,   1884,   1886. 

NAHINU,  D.  W E.  1860. 

NAHINU,  T.  S E.  1892. 

NAIAPAAKAI,  D.  K E.  1852,  1856,  1860. 

NAIHE,  J.  W E.  1856,  1872,  1873. 

NAILI,  J.  L R.  1870,  1876. 

NAILIMA,  W.  B E.  1901. 

NAILIMA,  W.   B.,  Jr E.  1907. 

NATO E.  1846. 

NAKALEKA,  J E.  1876,   1878,   1882,   1884,   1887,   1888. 

NAKALEKA,  J E.  1903,  1904,  1907,  1909. 

NAKAPAAHU,  L S.  1901,  1902,  1903,  1904. 

NAKILA,  J E.  1868. 

NAKOOKOO,  J R.  1882. 

NAKUINA,   M.   K E,  1905. 

NAMAKEHA,  BEN   N.  1845,  1847,  1848,  1849,  1850,  1851,  1852, 

1853,  1854,  1855,  1856,  1858-9,  1860. 

NAMAUU    N.  1845,  1846,  1847,  1848. 

NAONE,  D.  L E.  1887,  1888,  1895  S.,  1896  S. 

NAONE,  P E.  1854,  1855  sp.,   1856,  1860. 

NAPAEPAE,   G.   W E.  1874. 

NAUKANA,  S.  M E.  1860  pt.,   1870,  1874,  1876. 

NAWAALAAU E.  1850. 

NAWAHI,  JOSEPH   E.  1872,  1873,  1874,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882, 

1890,  1892  pt. 

NAWAHI,  JOSEPH*    1892  pt. 

NAWAHINE,   0 E.  1887,  1888. 

NAWAHINE,  R.  J.  K E.  1909,  1915. 

NEUMANN,  PAUL* 1884,   1886  pt.,   1892   pt. 

NEUMANN,    PAUL     N.  1892  pt. 

NEWTON,  R E.  1872,  1873. 

NORTHRUP,  F S.  1895,  1896,  1897,  1898. 

NOTLEY,  CHARLES N.  1887,    1888.— S.   1895. 

NUT,   P E.  1872,  1873. 

NUUANU,  A.  S E.  1862. 

NUUHIWA    E.  1858-9. 

NUUHIWA,    D E.  1864. 


OILI,  S.  K E.    1903,  1904. 

OPUPAHI,  J.  H E.   1864. 


PAAKAULA   E.   1856. 

PACHECO,  M.  C S.   1917,   1918. 

PAEHAOLE,  A.  P E.    1886,   1887,  1888,   1890. 

PAELE,  J.  K E.   1901,  1903,  1904,  1913. 

PAHIA,    F E.   1882,  1886. 

PAIKULI,   J.  N E.   1872,   1873. 

PAKI,  A N.   1841,  1842,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1848, 

1849,    1850,    1851,    1852,    1853,    1854, 

1855. 


298 

PALAU     E.   1847. 

PALI   R.   1852. 

PALI,  A R.   1895,  1896. 

PALI,  P R.   190.3,  1904,  1905,  1907.— S.  1911,  1913. 

PALOHAU,  G.  B R.   1878,  1882,  1884,  1886. 

PANIANI,   S R.   1878. 

PAOO,  J.   L R.   1907. 

PAPAUA,  P R.   1862,  1864. 

PAP  AULA,  S.  W R.   1854. 

PAEIS,  JOHN  D R.  1887,  1888,  1898.— S.  1901,  1902  V.  P., 

1903  V.  P.,  1904  V.  P.,  1905  V.  P. 

PAEKER,  J.  P N.  1874,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882,  1884,  1886. 

PARKER,    SAMUEL    N.   1886,  1890. 

PARKER,  SAMUEL* 1892  pt. 

PARSONS,  A.   W R.   1851. 

PASCHOAL,   M.    G R.   1917,  1918. 

PAULO,   P R.   1855  reg.,   1864. 

PAXSON,  S.  S R.   1913. 

PENHALLOW,    H.   B S.   1913,  1915. 

PETERSON,   A.  P.*    1890  pt. 

PETERSON,  A.  P N.   1892. 

PETRIE,   T.   H R.   1917,   1918. 

PHILLIPS,   JOHN    N.   1890. 

PHILLIPS,   S.   H.*    1867,  1868,  1870,  1872. 

PIERCE,   H.   A.*    1878  pt. 

PII,  WILLIAM  E R.   1853,   1854,   1864. 

PIIKOI,    JONAH    N.   1845,  1846,  1847,  1848,  1850,  1851,  1852, 

1853,  1854,  1855,  1856,  1858-9. 
PILIPO,  G.  W R.   1860.  1868,  1870,  1876,  1878,  1880,  1882, 

1884. 

POEPOE,  J.  M R.   1913  pt. 

POGUE,  W.  F R.   1898. 

POLI,    Z R.   1872,   1873. 

POMAIKAI,   F R.   1862. 

PRENDERGAST,  J.  K R.   1901. 

PRESTON,  E R.   1876. 

PRESTON,  E.*   1878  pt.,  1880,  1882  pt. 

PUA,  D.  W N.  1890,  1892. 

PUA,  S.  K R.  1892. 

PULAA,  C.  H R.   1903,  1904,  1905. 

PURDY,  W.  N R.   1903,   1904. 

PUUKI,   R R.   1901. 

Q 

QUINN,  EDWARD  W R.   1905,  1907.— S.  1909,  1911,   1915,   1917, 

1918. 


RAWLINS,   WILLIAM   T.    .  .  .R.   1907,  1915. 

RHODES,    GODFREY    R.   1851,  1852,  1862,  1-864,  1866  V.  P.,  1868 

V.    P.— N.    1876    P.,    1878    P.,    1880, 

1882  P.,  1884  P.,  1886. 
RICE,   CHARLES   A R.   1905,  1907  V.  S.,  1909  V.  S.,  1911  V.  S. 

— S.   1913,  1915. 
RICE,   W.    H R,   1870,  1872,   1873,  1882  pt.,  1887,   1888, 

1890.— S.   1895,   1896,   1897,   1898. 

RICHARDS,  E.  E R.  1895,  1896,  1898. 

RICHARDS,   WILLIAM    N.   1845. 


299 

EICHAEDSON,   G.   E R.  1882,  1886. 

KICHAEDSON,   JOHN,    Sr....K.  1851,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855  reg.  &  sp., 

1856,  1858-9. 

EICHAEDSON,    JOHN,    Jr....R.  1884.— N.  1887,  1888. 

EICKAED,  H.  S R.  1911, 

EICKAED,  W.  H R.  1890. 

EOBEETSON,   AEGHIE    R.  1913. 

EOBEETSON,  A.  G.  M R.  1895,   1896,   1898,   1901. 

EOBEETSON,   G.   M R.  1851,  1852  S.,  1853  S.,  1854,  1855  reg. 

&  sp.  S.,  1856  S.,  1858-9  S.  pt. 

EOBINSON,  MAEK  P N.  1887,  1888. 

EOBINSON,  MAEK  P.*    1892   pt. 

EOBINSON,  E R.  1855  reg. 

EOBINSON,   W.   T S.  1909,  1911,   1915,   1917,  1918. 

EOOKE,  T.  B.  C R.  1.S51,  1855  reg. 

EOSA,  A R.  1890. 

EOWELL,  W.  E R.  1884. 

EUSSELL,    N S.  1901  P.  pt. 

EYCEOFT,  E R.  1895,  1896. 

S 

SCHMIDT,   H.   W S.  1895,1896,1897,1898. 

SHELDON,   H.  L R.  1852,  1855  sp.,  1858-9. 

SHELDON,  W.  J R.  1905,  1907,  1909,  1911,  1913. 

SHINGLE,   E.   W R.  1909.— S.  1917,  1918. 

SHIPMAN,   W.   H R.  1905. 

SILVA,  E.  da  R.  1913,  1915,  1917,  1918. 

SILVA,  J.  I R.  1907. 

SMITH,   CAEL  S R.  1905. 

SMITH,  W.  O R.  1878,    1884,    1892.— N.    1887,    1888.— S. 

1907,  1909  P. 

SPALDING,  E.  P R,  1913 

SPENCEE,    C.    N.*    1890  pt.,  1892  pt. 

STANLEY,   E.   H.*    1874  pt.   reg. 

STIELING,   E.*    1873,  1874  ex. 

SUMNEE,  WM R.  1855   reg.      (See  KEOLALOA,   W.   S.) 

T 

TAVAEES,   A.   F R.  1911,  ]913,  1915,  1917  V.  S.,  1918  V.  S. 

THOMPSON,   H R,  1870 

THUESTON,    A.    G R.  1853,  1854  S.,  1855  reg. 

THUESTON,  L.  A.*   ]887,   1888,  1890  pt. 

THUESTON,  L.  A R.  1886.— N.  1892. 

TOWNSEND,  H.  S N.  1887,  1888. 

TOWSE,    ED R.  1911. 

U 

UA,  L.  S R.   1851,   1853. 

UAUA   R.   1856. 

UKEKE,  G.  B R,    1850,    1851,    1852    pt.,    1856    pt.,    1860, 

1866,  1867. 

UMA,    T R.   1854. 

UMALELE     R.   ]S45,  1816. 

UPA,  J R.    1868. 

UVv'ELEALEA,  W.  H R.   1864. 

V 
VIDA,   H.   C R.   1903,  1904. 


300 


VIEIRA,    H 

von  TEMPSKY,  L. 


WAHINE,   D.   B.    . 

WAHINEIKI    

WAHINEMAIKAI 
WAIAHOLO,    E.    . 
WAIPUILANI,  J.  H 
WAIWAIOLE,  M.  P, 
WAKEMAN,  R.  E. 
WALBRIDGE,  R.  D. 
WALKER,  J.  S.*   .  . 
WALKER,   J.   S.    .  . 
WALL,  CHARLES 

WALSH,  J.  J 

WANA    

WANA,  H.  J 

WATERHOUSE,  F.  T    P. 
WATERHOUSE,  HENRY 


WATKINS,  NORMAN 
WEBSTER,  WILLIAM 
WHITE,  WILLIAM 
WHITING,  W.  A.* 
WHITNEY,  H.  M. 
WIDEMANN,  H.  A. 


WIDEMANN,  H.  A 
WIGHT,  JAMES   . 

WILCOX,  A.  S 

WILCOX,  C.  H.    .  . 
WILCOX,  G.  N.    .  .  , 

WILCOX,  G.  N.* 
WILCOX,  JOHN 
WILCOX,  ROBERT 
WILCOX,   S.    W. 
WILDER,  G.  P. 
WILDER,  S.   G. 


WILDER,  S.  G.*  . 
WILDER,  S.  G.  .. 
WILDER,  W.   C.    . 

WILLIAMS,  J.  S.  N 
WILLIAMSON,  W.  . 
WINSTON,   E.    C.    .  . 

WIRTZ,  A.  J 

WOOD,  W.  P 

WOODS,  JAMES   .  . . 

WOODS,   J.   F 

WOODS,  PALMER  P 

WRIGHT,  J.  N 

WRIGHT,  W.  J.  . 
WYLLIE,  R.  C*    . 


.R. 

1915 

.N. 

1890 
W 

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1880. 

R. 

1848 

.R. 

1851. 
1911, 

R. 

1913,  1915,  1917,  1918. 

R. 

1890, 

1892. 

.R. 

1907, 

1909. 

.R. 

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N. 

1890, 

1892. 

1876, 

1882  pt. 

N. 

1884, 

1886  P.,  1890  P.,  1892  P. 

N. 

1887, 

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R. 

1917, 

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.R. 

1848, 

1854. 

.R.1866, 

1867,  1876. 

R. 

1905. 

.R. 

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— N.  1887,  1888.— S.  1895,  1896, 

1897,  1898. 

.R. 

1911, 

1913,  1915. 

.R. 

1855 

sp.,  1856,  1860,  1862  S. 

.R. 

1890, 

1892.— S.  1901. 

1892 

pt. 

R. 

1855 

reg. 

R. 

1855 

reg.,  1860,  1862.— N.  1882,  1884, 

1886,  1887,  1888,  1890. 

1874 

pt.,  1892  pt. 

R. 

1886. 

— N.  1887,  1888. 

R. 

1887, 

1888,  1890,  1892. 

R 

1917, 

1918. 

R. 

1880. 

— N.  1887,  1888,  1890,  1892  pt.— 

S. 

1895,  1896,  1897,  1898. 

1892 

pt. 

R. 

191.S. 

R. 

1880, 

1890,  1892. 

R. 

1901. 

— S.  1902,  1903,  1904,  1905. 

R. 

1917, 

1918. 

R. 

1868. 

— N.  1874  reg.,  1876,  1878  pt., 

1882,  1884,  1886,  1887  P.  pt.,  1888 

pt. 

P. 

1878 

pt.,  1880. 

R. 

1898. 

N. 

1888 

pt.— R.  1892.— S.  1895  P.,  1896  P.. 

1897  P.,  1898  P. 

N. 

1892. 

R. 

1911, 

1915. 

R. 

1895, 

1896. 

.S. 

1913, 

1915. 

R. 

1866, 

1867,  1868. 

R. 

1880. 

.S. 

1913 

pt. 

.S. 

1902, 

1903,  1904,  1905,  1907,  1909. 

.S. 

1895, 

1896,  1897,  1898. 

R. 

1908, 

1904. 

1851, 

1852,  1853,  1854,  1855.  1856. 

1858-9,  1860,  1862,  1864. 

301 


Y 


YATES,    J.    E R.   1911. 

YOUNG,   ALEXANDER    N.   1887,  1888,  1892. 

YOUNG,  JOHN  N.  1841,  1842,  1843,  1845,  1846,  1847,  1848, 

1849,  1850,  1851,  1852  P.,  1853  P., 
1854  P.,  1855,  1856  P. 


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